四六级听力训练（三） | 经济类学术讲座听力练习及备考干货
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今天小编为大家提供经济类学术讲座听力测试题，大家可以通过练习熟悉经济类学术讲座的语言特点、行文结构。
文末还有经济类学术讲座备考干货和模拟练习助你巩固拓展哦~
听力练习
经济类学术讲座：Global Economics
点击音频开始练习
Listen to the lecture and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. A) A labor insurance system.
B) A long-term labor contract.
C) A long-term labor market.
D) A flexible labor market.
2. A) Schools and hospitals.
B) Entertainment and sports companies.
C) Hotels and restaurants.
D) Engineering and auto companies.
3. A) Doctors.
B) Lawyers.
C) Engineers.
D) Pensioners.
4. A) Because they are held back by welfare cuts.
B) Because they are held back by locations, family commitments, etc.
C) Because they are held back by the contracts.
D) Because they are held back by labor-market reform.
点击空白处查看答案
▼
Keys：1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B
听力原文及经济类学术讲座语言特点
练习过后，让我们一起查漏补缺总结经验吧~首先来看听力原文：
Britain's flexible labor market was a blessing during the economic slump, helping keep joblessness down and then, when the recovery began, allowing employment to rise. Yet one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret. Ed Miliband, the leader of the Labor Party, has promised a crackdown on "zero-hours contracts" if he wins the next election. The government has launched a consultation.
Zero-hours contracts allow firms to employ workers for as few or as many hours as they need, with no prior notice. In theory, at least, people can refuse to work. Fully 1.4 million jobs were based on these contracts in January 2014, according to a snapshot taken by the Office for National Statistics. That is just 4% of the total, but the share rises to a quarter in the hospitality business.
The contracts are useful for firms with erratic patterns of demand, such as hotels and restaurants. They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery, allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff, who would be more costly to make redundant if things go wrong.
Flexibility suits some workers, too. According to one survey, 47% of those employed on zero-hours contracts were content to have no minimum contracted hours. Many of these workers are in full-time education. The ability to turn down work is important to students, who want to revise or sit in the sun at this time of year. Pensioners keen for a little extra income can often live with the uncertainty of not having guaranteed hours.
Yet that leaves more than a quarter of workers on zero-hours contracts saying they are unhappy with their conditions. Some of this is cyclical. During recessions, a lack of permanent positions forces people into jobs with no contracted hours even if they do not want them. The government has just said that unemployed people who refuse to accept zero-hours contracts could be cut off from benefits. Underemployment is particularly prevalent among these workers, 35% of whom would like more hours compared with 12% in other jobs. As the economy recovers, many should be able to renegotiate their contracts or find permanent jobs.
But the recovery will not cause unwanted zero-hours contracts to disappear. Some workers will never have much negotiating power: They are constrained by geography, family commitments and don't have enough skills. Zero-hours contracts make it easier for employers to abuse their labor-market power. Some use them to avoid statutory obligations such as sick and maternity pay. Workers are penalized for not being available when requested. And some contracts contain exclusivity clauses which prevent workers from taking additional jobs. These can harm other employers as well as workers.
问题：
1.What was a blessing during the economic slump in Britain?
2.Which kind of companies are the flexible labor contracts?
3.Who can get used to a flexible labor market according to the lecture?
4.Why do some workers never have much negotiating power?
接下来，总结一下经济类学术讲座语言特点和考试注意事项吧！
No.1
模式相对固定，多采用“总-分-总”结构
开始部分是程式化的社交辞令，表达谢意，开门见山点明讲座的主题；中间部分转入讲座的实质部分，解释讲座主题或学术概念，阐述和展开经济解读或述评，其中也有背景综述、经济现象观察分析或经济数据分析；结尾部分为总述，复述要旨、总结要点或提出未来研究方向。
No.2
专业术语多，口语与书面语并存
经济讲座大多属于独白式、宣讲式或述评式，因此基本使用第一人称。也有部分讲座包括讲座主持人、讲座者和嘉宾。
受众不同，讲座的句式特点也大不相同。部分讲座通俗易懂，走平民化路线，避免冗长的句式；而真正的专业学术讲座因受众是专业人士，则包含更多权威解读和观点，常使用长句和复合句，句式灵活多样。
专家或权威人士对某经济现象或事件的评价、解析或者研究结果是讲座听力考查的重点所在。
经济类高频英语专业术语
crowdsourcing 众包
green bonds 绿色债券
trade barrier 贸易壁垒
price index 物价指数
sharing economy 共享经济
carbon emissions target 碳排放目标
micro-credit 小额信贷
contactless payment 非接触支付
minimum wage 最低工资
monetary policy 货币政策
各类经济机构或协会专有名词
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
东盟，ASEAN
Federal Open Market Committee
联邦公开市场委员会，FOMC
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
亚太经贸合作组织，APEC
Conference of State Bank Supervisors
美国州银行监管协会
London Stock Exchange
伦敦证券交易所
American Economic Association
美国经济协会
No.3
大量使用数字与隐喻
数字是经济讲座的灵魂。经济讲座关系国计民生，既有大额数字，也有分数、小数，而且对数字的准确性、权威性、有效性要求较高。数字内容涉及许多经济热点，例如房价、失业率、股票价格、贸易总额、经济总量等。
经济讲座者大都为学者、经济工作者、高级财经管理人员等，常使用隐喻，以增强语言的表现力，比如：
throw out baby with bath water
把孩子和脏水一起泼掉
hit home 击中要害
get to the bottom of 弄清……真相
pull oneself out of poverty 摆脱贫困
做完练习、总结了要点，大家是不是对经济类学术讲座有更多认识了呢？如果想要了解更多经济类听力文本的语言特点，也欢迎点击查看我们的经济类短新闻听力练习及备考干货哦，希望大家能够有所收获！
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