今天，祭奠同胞，共祈和平！

今天是第六个国家公祭日。

13日上午10时，南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭仪式在侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆举行。

10时01分，警报响彻全城，全场为南京大屠杀死难者默哀。

中共中央政治局委员、中央书记处书记、中央宣传部部长黄坤明出席公祭仪式并讲话。

黄坤明在讲话中说：“今天，我们在这里隆重举行南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭仪式，重温中国人民抗日战争历史，深切缅怀南京大屠杀死难者，缅怀惨遭日本侵略者杀戮的所有死难同胞，缅怀为中国人民抗日战争胜利献出生命的革命先烈和民族英雄，缅怀同中国人民携手抗击日本侵略者而献出生命的国际战士和国际友人，宣示中国人民牢记历史、不忘过去，珍爱和平、开创未来的坚定立场，表达坚持走和平发展道路的崇高愿望。”

A senior official said on Friday that China firmly adheres to the path of peaceful development, calling on both China and Japan to cherish the good momentum in bilateral ties in the new era.

Huang Kunming, a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and head of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, said China has always firmly defended world peace and pursues independent and peaceful foreign policy, and will continue to contribute to the world peace and stability in the new era.

Huang made the remarks at a memorial held in Nanjing to remember those massacred in the ancient city in 1937 by invading Japanese troops. Some 300,000 Chinese civilians and unarmed soldiers were killed over six weeks after the Japanese army captured the city in December that year.

82年前的今天，侵华日军攻陷南京，将屠刀对准无辜平民和放下武器的中国士兵，奸杀掳虐，制造了震惊中外的“南京大屠杀”惨案。

6周的血腥屠城，30余万同胞惨遭杀害……然而，这段残酷历史曾长达数十年被世界遗忘。

二战后关于纳粹的研究文献浩如烟海，却几乎找不出描写中国抗战的权威英文著作，直到一本书的横空出世。

1997年，29岁的华裔女记者张纯如(Iris Chang)发表了《南京大屠杀：被遗忘的二战浩劫》(The Rape of Naking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II)，第一次用英文将南京大屠杀惨案公之于众，让一场惨绝人寰的浩劫重见天日.

仅仅42天

南京城发生了集体屠杀28起

零散屠杀858起

强奸和轮奸20000余起

300000人被屠杀

平均1天就有近10000人死亡！

张纯如经过严密的考察论证，得到了这一串数字。

美国评论家乔治·威尔在听了日本右翼“南京大屠杀虚构论”之后看了她的书，评论道：

“张的这本书，终结了对南京的第二次强暴。” 

"Because of Chang’s book, the second rape of Nanking is ending."

著书承受的巨大痛苦，日本右翼分子对她的恶意诋毁、攻击和恐吓…来自各方的压力让张纯如承受着日复一日的精神折磨，身体也每况愈下。

2004年11月9日，36岁的张纯如于加州盖洛斯自己的车内，饮弹自尽。

2019年11月9日，以张纯如名字命名的“张纯如公园”在美国圣荷西揭幕。揭幕当天，在刻有张纯如生平简介的纪念碑前，堆满了人们敬献的鲜花。

斯人已逝，但世人将永远感念，她为留存一段民族记忆，付出的所有。

今天，我们摘选了书中的两段文字，看看这本曾震惊世界的著作，如何以最平实的笔触，还原了一段触目惊心的历史。

Part I: 残忍

我们不仅应当记住南京的暴行中的死亡人数，还应该记住他们被杀害的残忍手段。

The Rape of Nanking should be remembered not only for the number of people slaughtered but for the cruel manner in which many met their deaths. 

中国的男人在日军的刺刀训练和砍头比赛中被当成活靶子。估计有20,000-80,000名中国妇女遭到强暴。

Chinese men were used for bayonet practice and in decapitation contests. An estimated 20,000-80,000 Chinese women were raped.

一些日本兵在强奸了妇女之后，剖开她们的肚子，切掉她们的乳房，把她们活活地钉在墙上。

Many soldiers went beyond rape to disembowel women, slice off their breasts, nail them alive to walls. 

还当着家人的面，父亲被日本士兵逼迫奸污女儿，儿子被逼奸污母亲。

Fathers were forced to rape their daughters, and sons their mothers, as other family members watched. 

日军不但每天例行活埋、阉割、器官切除，烤人肉等暴行，还尝试种种穷凶极恶的折磨手段。比如，在人的舌头上穿上铁钩把整个人吊起来，或是将人埋入深至腰部的土坑，再看着他们被德国牧羊犬撕碎。

Not only did live burials, castration, the carving of organs and the roasting of people become routine, but more diabolical tortures were practiced, such as hanging people by their tongues on iron hooks or burying people to their waists and watching them torn apart by German shepherds. 

此情此景实在是令人惨不忍睹，就连南京城中的纳粹党人也感到恐怖，有人就称这场屠杀是"野兽机器"的工作。

So sickening was the spectacle that even Nazis in the city were horrified, one proclaiming the massacre to be the work of "bestial machinery."

PartII: 愤怒

我是在自己还是个小女孩时第一次知道南京的暴行。故事是我的父母讲给我听的。他们曾经历多年的战争和革命年代，后来才在美国中西部的一个大学城当上了教授，有了一个安定的家……

I first learned about the Rape of Nanking when I was a little girl. The stories came from my parents, who had survived years of war and revolution before finding a serene home as professors in a midwestern American college town……

但他们从未忘记中日战争的恐怖，他们也希望我不会忘记。他们尤其是希望我不会忘记南京的暴行。

But they never forgot the horrors of the Sino-Japanese War, nor did they want me to forget. They particularly did not want me to forget the Rape of Nanking.  

我父母没有亲眼目睹南京的暴行，但他们在很小的时候就听说了，后来又告诉了我。

Neither of my parents witnessed it, but as young children they had heard the stories, and these were passed down to me.

他们说，日本人把婴儿撕成两半，甚至三块、四块，有一段时间长江水都被血染成红色。

The Japanese, I learned, sliced babies not just in half but in thirds and fourths, they said; the Yangtze River ran red with blood for days.

因为愤怒，他们在向我述说时声音颤抖起来。他们认为，南京大屠杀是日本人在这场杀害了上千万中国人的战争中所犯下的一次最丧心病狂的罪行。

Their voices quivering with outrage, my parents characterized the Great Nanking Massacre, or Nanjing Datusha, as the single most diabolical incident committed by the Japanese in a war that killed more than 10 million Chinese People.

在写作本书的时候，我的脑海里一直浮现着乔治·桑塔亚的不朽警句："忘记过去的人注定会重蹈覆辙"。

——张纯如

推荐阅读：