美国50个州全部进入“重大灾难状态”，《纽约时报》痛批特朗普抗疫不力

根据美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的数据显示，美国新冠肺炎死亡病例已突破2万例。美国也成为了全球新冠肺炎死亡病例最多的国家。

The COVID-19 death toll in the United States has exceeded 20,000, according to Johns Hopkins University. The tally came soon after the U.S. surpassed Italy to become the country with the most COVID-19 fatalities globally.

美国50个州全部进入“重大灾难状态”

4月11日，美国总统特朗普批准怀俄明州为疫情“重大灾难状态”。

这意味着美国所有50个州、首都华盛顿特区以及波多黎各、关岛、北马里亚纳群岛和美属维尔京群岛4个海外领地都进入“重大灾难状态”。

目前，美属萨摩亚是唯一没有宣布进入“重大灾难状态”的美国领土。

Meanwhile, U.S. President Donald Trump has officially approved a disaster declaration for the state of Wyoming – the final U.S. state to do so. 

This means every U.S. state has received a federal disaster declaration from the government,  including Washington D.C., Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Only one U.S. territory, American Samoa, is not under a major disaster declaration. 

《纽约时报》批评特朗普抗疫策略滞后

随着新冠肺炎疫情的持续蔓延，美国国内也出现越来越多批评特朗普政府抗疫不力的声音。

还有一些美国媒体认为，疫情对美国社会和经济造成的沉痛打击本可避免，但特朗普政府的应对不当不仅未能及时遏制疫情，反而加剧了危机。

4月11日，《纽约时报》发表了一篇题为《他本可以看到即将发生什么：特朗普应对疫情失败的背后》的调查报告。

报告显示，特朗普政府初期对疫情预警的忽视、未能对疫情及时采取行动以及政府缺乏计划性和执行力等多方面原因，最终导致了美国深陷这样一场危机。

初期多次忽视对疫情的预警

《纽约时报》指出，早在1月，包括白宫高级顾问、内阁资深专家和情报机构在内的一系列人员都对疫情敲响了警钟，但特朗普及其领导的政府却忽视问题严重性，未能及时采取行动。

• 1月初，美国国家安全委员会负责追踪流行病的部门收到情报报告，预测新冠病毒会传播到美国。

  The National Security Council office responsible for tracking pandemics has reportedly received intelligence reports in early January predicting the spread of the virus to the United States.

• 1月29日，白宫国家贸易委员会主任彼得·纳瓦罗发布一份备忘录，指出新冠肺炎如果爆发可能导致50多万人死亡和数万亿美元的经济损失。

  On January 29, Trump's trade adviser Peter Navarro produced a memo, which pointed out that the potential risks of a novel coronavirus pandemic could lead to as many as half a million deaths and trillions of dollars in economic losses.

• 1月30日，卫生和公共服务部长艾利克斯·阿扎尔在一次通话中提醒特朗普存在疫情爆发的可能，却被特朗普认为是在“危言耸听”。

  On January 30,  the Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar warned Trump about a potential outbreak during a call. However, Trump responded that Azar was an alarmist.

未能及时采取措施遏制疫情

二月底，新冠肺炎开始在全球范围内蔓延开来，许多国家的确诊病例在不断攀升。《纽约时报》指出，特朗普政府面对这一局面，却仍未对疫情予以重视，特朗普甚至表示到4月底“疫情会随着天气变暖而消失。”

特朗普政府当时未向国会申请足够的资金拨款，用以应对疫情在美国国内的爆发；在口罩、呼吸机等医疗物资的供应上，政府也未能予以保证，让医务工作者十分担忧。

When there had already been an alarming spike in new cases around the world at the end of February, the Trump administration still did not take the outbreak seriously enough. 

In Washington, Trump showed no sign of concern, claiming that by April, "when it gets a little warmer, [the virus] miraculously goes away."

According to The New York Times (NYT), the White House at the time "had yet to ask Congress for additional funding to prepare for the potential cost of wide-scale infection across the country, and health care providers were growing increasingly nervous about the availability of masks, ventilators and other equipment."

此外《纽约时报》还提到，尽管许多公共卫生专家向特朗普建议采取诸如“建议民众尽量居家”、“保持社交距离”等措施，但白宫方面并未采纳，反而将重点放在了疫情相关信息的管控上。

2月26日，特朗普任命彭斯全权负责疫情相关工作。彭斯上任后，要求美国政府官员和卫生部门的专家对疫情的公开声明，都必须经过副总统办公室的协调。

Though public health experts recommended Trump take approaches such as warning the public of the risks and urging steps like social distancing and working remotely from home, the president and his administration focused instead on controlling the alarmist message. 

The NYT report noted that statements and media appearances by health officials and experts were coordinated through Vice President Mike Pence’s office, after Trump appointed him as the government's point person for the novel coronavirus outbreak.

“口水战”削弱了国际合作的基础

新冠肺炎疫情冲击着人类生活的方方面面，这样一场危机再次表明人类是一个休戚与共的命运共同体。这样一场全球性的危机也需要各国携手，合作应对。

《纽约时报》指出，特朗普政府针对疫情不断升级的“口水战”，削弱了各国政府应对这一全球威胁开展广泛合作的可能性。

虽然此前一些科学家已经指出新冠病毒是一种自然进化的产物，但部分特朗普政府成员却在散播诸如“病毒是实验室合成”的阴谋论。特朗普自己也曾反复使用“中国病毒”这样的污名化字眼。《纽约时报》认为，特朗普政府针对中国的“敌意”，不但使得两国未能有效携手应对疫情，也给两国关系带来了不稳定因素。

As the novel coronavirus continues to spread across the world, countries should work together to find a way out. The NYT report has criticized the Trump administration's blame game, which undercuts hopes for international cooperation to tackle the global crisis, especially its animosity toward China. 

Previous scientific studies have suggested that SARS-CoV-2, originated through natural processes. But some officials in the Trump administration still advocate conspiracy theories such as  "the virus was from a Chinese lab." Trump himself previously used the racist rhetoric “Chinese virus” to refer to the new coronavirus. 

特朗普政府内部的分歧矛盾

《纽约时报》也提到，特朗普政府应对疫情缺乏计划性和执行力，加剧了美国国内的危机。而特朗普政府内部存在矛盾和分歧，不同派系间的竞争和嫌隙，是影响政府政策制定和执行的一大原因。比如，部分政府成员因为担心美国经济遭到重挫，并不支持采取严格的管控措施以遏制疫情的蔓延。

The NYT report said the Trump administration's lack of planning and failure to execute worsened the situation in the country. The division within the administration was a major reason that slowed the president's response and resulted in problems with execution and planning. Public health often had to compete with economic considerations. For example, some officials did not support aggressive measures to contain the virus as they worried about a possible economic slowdown. 

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