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美国“推倒雕像”的风潮刮到了英国

CGTN CGTN 2020-08-24

当地时间5月25日,美国非裔男子乔治·弗洛伊德遭遇白人警察暴力执法后不幸身亡。近日,由此事引发的反种族歧视、反警察暴力执法的抗议活动在多国相继爆发。


英国是美国之外最早爆发示威游行的国家之一,该国多个城市的抗议者们纷纷走上街头,要求结束全球范围内的种族歧视。当地时间7日,布里斯托的抗议者们更是找到了一个新的途径宣泄他们对种族歧视的不满——对奴隶贩子的雕像下手


爱德华·科尔斯顿(Edward Colston)生于17世纪,他生前通过贩卖奴隶积攒了大量财富,然后又将这些财富用于促进布里斯托市的发展。当地人们曾视他为慈善家,并为他制作了雕像。


如今,弗洛伊德之死引发的反种族歧视情绪高涨,愤怒的抗议者们将科尔斯顿的雕像视作了种族歧视的象征。他们用绳子将雕像绑起来,推倒在地,在上面涂鸦,并对其踩踏。还有人用膝盖压在雕像的脖子上,模仿弗洛伊德死前的场景


Black Lives Matter protesters have pulled down a statue of 17th century slave trader Edward Colston that had stood in the center of Bristol, England since 1895. The statue had been the subject of controversy in recent years, with many saying he shouldn't be publicly recognized by the town, others putting forth a petition to have it removed. 


事实上,“推倒雕像”的抗议方式并不始发于英国。在这次反歧视抗议浪潮中,美国已发生多起“推倒雕像”事件。


当地时间6日,美国弗吉尼亚州里士满的抗议者们将位于弗吉尼亚联邦大学的威廉斯•卡特•威克海姆(Williams Carter Wickham)将军的雕像推倒了。其操作手法与英国抗议者很像,人们先是用绳子将雕像捆绑起来,再合力将其推倒。据外媒报道,还有抗议者对着雕像泼漆、小便。


抗议者们为什么要推倒这个雕像?


威克海姆将军是美国内战时期南方邦联的将军。在抗议者的眼里,南方邦联象征着奴隶制,而邦联将军就是奴隶制的守护者所以他们的雕像不能留。另外,里士满曾是内战时期南方邦联的首都,推倒这里的邦联将军雕像象征着抗议者们对种族歧视的深恶痛绝。


Similarly, U.S. protesters pulled down the statue of Confederate General Williams Carter Wickham in Richmond, Virginia Saturday night. In the eyes of protesters, the Confederacy represents the defense of slavery and is a sign of racism, and the toppling of Confederate monuments is a symbolic move to demand racial justice.


A statue of controversial former Philadelphia Mayor Frank Rizzo was vandalized during protests over the death of George Floyd in Minnesota. The city of Philadelphia took down the statue Wednesday. Matt Rourke/AP


除此之外,近期美国还有这些雕像和纪念碑被移除:


宾夕法尼亚州,费城前市长弗兰克·里佐(Frank Rizzo)的雕像被移除。据悉,里佐在任期间(1972-1980)被指歧视少数族裔群体;


阿拉巴马州,伯明翰的示威者试图移除林恩公园内一座已有115年历史的美国南方邦联纪念碑;蒙特哥马利,示威者损毁并移除了美内战期间南方邦联将军罗伯特·李(Robert E. Lee)的雕像,该雕像位于一座以李将军命名的中学前;


田纳西州,美前议员爱德华·卡马克(Edward Carmack)的雕像被移除,他曾被指攻击民权主义者;


……


In recent days, a number of monuments and statues have been removed or pulled down in different states in the U.S., including the statue of Frank Rizzo, former mayor of Philadelphia who was accused of discrimination against minorities, the statue of Confederate General Robert E. Lee in Montgomery, and the controversial statue of Edward Carnack, a former U.S. senator who was known for attacking civil rights advocates.


其实,通过移除或者损毁邦联纪念物的方式来抗议种族歧视的做法在美国由来已久。


2015年6月,美国南卡罗来纳州白人至上主义者狄伦·鲁夫(Dylann Roof)在当地一个教堂枪杀9名非裔美国人。事后,狄伦·鲁夫一张拿着邦联旗帜的照片引起了人们的不满。由于内战时期南方各州反对废除奴隶制,这面旗帜被看成是白人至上主义的象征。由此,美国各界开始了对邦联纪念物的讨论。


2017年8月,美国弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔市发生骚乱,几千名白人民族主义者集会,反对该市拆除邦联将军罗伯特·李的雕像。这次骚乱发生之后,全美多地出现破坏邦联纪念物的情况。


 Workers remove a Confederate General Robert E. Lee statue from the south mall of the University of Texas in Austin, Texas, August 21, 2017. REUTERS/Stephen Spillman


Red paint is seen splattered on the base of a statue of Confederate General Albert Pike during a demonstration calling for its removal in Washington, August 18, 2017. REUTERS/Aaron P. Bernstein


Damage is seen done to the face of a statue of Confederate commander General Robert E. Lee at Duke University's Duke Chapel in Durham, North Carolina, August 17, 2017. REUTERS/Jonathan Drake


The debate over Confederate symbols can be traced back to 2015 when a white supremacist named Dylann Roof killed nine African-Americans at a church in South Carolina. Roof's photo with the Confederate flag triggered intense debate over whether it was appropriate for the symbol to be displayed at the state capitol. Two years later, government officials in Charlottesville, Virginia, agreed to tear down a statue of Robert E. Lee, and this led to thousands of white supremacists taking to the streets in protest. 


种族歧视是美国社会的一道裂痕。白人至上主义者将李将军等邦联人物的雕像视为其所奉种族主义的符号,而在非裔美国人和自由派人士看来,这些雕像代表的是美国历史上种族不平等的黑暗记忆。因此,当弗洛伊德之死再一次将美国种族歧视的伤疤揭开,抗议者们又一次将矛头指向了邦联纪念碑及相关人物的雕像。



据美国“南方贫困法律中心”2016年统计,美国有超过1500个以邦联人物或历史命名的节假日、纪念雕像、旗帜、地名、学校和公园。



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