专访华为美国首席安全官：美国打击华为的政治动机大于安全考量

“美国政府对华为最新的打压政策表明，美国此举更多出于政治考虑，而非其一贯宣称的对信息安全的担忧。”华为美国分公司首席安全官安迪·珀迪近日在接受CGTN专访时如是说。

The latest intensified restrictions on Huawei's supply indicates that the U.S. worries more about its tech advantage rather than cyber security which it claims to care, said an official at Huawei in an exclusive interview with CGTN.

作为全球最大的电信设备制造商和全球第二大手机制造商，华为近年来连连遭到特朗普政府的无理打压。先是2018年华为首席财务官孟晚舟在加拿大温哥华国际机场被捕，随后是去年美国企业一度被禁止与华为进行贸易往来。

而到了今年，在全球抗疫的大背景下，美国对华为的施压仍未停止且再次升级——出台新禁令以打击华为芯片供应链。

今年5月15日，特朗普政府宣布了一项新规，厂商只要采用了美国技术或使用美国设备生产的芯片，出售给华为前就必须先获得美国政府的批准。

After banning American companies from trading with Huawei last year and arresting the telecom giant's chief financial officer from Vancouver airport in 2018, the Trump administration issued new rules on May 15, making it mandatory to have a government license for selling Huawei semiconductors manufactured out of the country with U.S. technology, one of the many moves to block global chip suppliers to the world's second largest phone maker.

美国商务部长威尔伯·罗斯曾指责华为破坏先前的出口管制，对此，珀迪认为，美国真正的担忧源于中美这两大经济体之间的地缘政治冲突。他表示，因为地缘政治冲突，美国方面甚至不愿意与华为对话来解决他们的忧虑。

珀迪曾在美国政府任网络安全高官。他指出，美国担心中国在5G领域与其竞争，“美国非常担忧中国的经济和军事崛起。”

U.S. Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross accused the company of undermining previous national security-based restrictions, however, Andy Purdy, Chief Security Officer for Huawei Technologies America, who used to be a senior cyber security official of the U.S. government before joining Huawei, told CGTN that he believes the true concern comes from geopolitical strife between the world's two largest economics.

"U.S. is very concerned about the rise of China - economically and militarily," he said, noting the U.S. is concerned that China is competing in 5G.

"Because of that geopolitical situation, they're not even willing to talk with Huawei about how we can address the concerns and frankly, who we can make cyberspace safer for everyone," the chief further explained.

美国持续升级施压手段的行为是一把“双刃剑”。珀迪称，华为从美国企业购买了价值120亿美元的半导体，为美国解决了约4万个工作岗位。受疫情影响，美国就业市场本就一片黯淡，特朗普政府对华为的新禁令将使这些岗位更加岌岌可危。

而另一边，华为在一年前已经开始实施“B计划”。珀迪介绍道，为应对供应链中断风险，华为未雨绸缪，制定了多种措施，包括做额外备份、优先关键产品，以及投资研发替代产品等。

事实上，华为从来不吝于在研发上投入。华为2019年年度报告显示，其2019年研发投入约1317亿元，占公司全年销售收入的15.3%。目前华为近半数员工都是研发人员。

The escalating attack on Huawei has been a double-edged sword. Huawei purchased 12 billion U.S. dollars' worth of semi-conductors from American companies and about 40,000 American jobs depend on the sale to Huawei, Purdy said, noting the new wider restriction will put these jobs at risk, when the pandemic has already dimmed the job market.

As for Huawei, the company began implementing "Plan B" a year ago to prepare for a supply chain disruption, including extra backup, prioritizing key products and pumping investment into Research and Development (R&D) to find alternatives, he said.

The world's biggest telecom equipment maker has been generous in research and development. According to its 2019 earnings report, about half of its workforce is R&D employees and the R&D cost was about 131.7 billion yuan, accounting for 15.3 percent of the company's whole year revenue. 

尽管美国的新禁令有120天的宽限期，但华为已做好准备应对新禁令带来的“巨大影响”。

珀迪表示，尽管美国政府将华为列入黑名单致使其去年营收比预期少了120亿美元，但华为总体营收同比增长了19.1%。美国本次对华为新一轮的打压影响规模或将在未来几个月显现。

“我们，为生存而战。” 珀迪说道。

Although the new restriction has a 120-day grace period, Huawei prepares to see a "substantial impact" from the new restriction.

Last year the telecom giant lost 12 billion U.S. dollars in revenue due to U.S. blacklisting, though the total revenue was still up 19.1 percent, and the company expects to see the scope of the new rule's impact in the next several months, according to Purdy.

"We're fighting for our survival," he said.

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