美国多地发布警察改革法案，全面遏制警察暴力执法

Police Benevolent Association of the City of New York President Pat Lynch speaks as he and representatives from other New York City Police Department (NYPD) and law enforcement unions hold a news conference in New York City, U.S., June 9, 2020. /Reuters

美国纽约州议会周二（9日）投票通过了一项法案，该法案废除了对执法人员纪律问题记录进行保密的法律，加强对警察不当行为的问责。

乔治·弗洛伊德（George Floyd）遭受白人警察暴力执法死亡后，全美各地都举行了反对警察暴力执法和种族歧视的抗议活动。随后，抗议活动还蔓延至全球多个国家。纽约州州长安德鲁·科莫（ Andrew Cuomo）发推文表示，“已经听到了无数要求改革的声音，我将签署该法案，使之成为法律。”

New York lawmakers voted on Tuesday to repeal a decades-old law that shields police officers' disciplinary records from the public. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo has said he will sign the bill into law amid nationwide protests against police brutality.

The bill is part of a package of police reform measures advanced by the Democratic-controlled Assembly and Senate in Albany this week as protests gripped the nation following the death of George Floyd, an African American man, after a white Minneapolis police officer knelt on his neck for minutes even when Floyd had been handcuffed and pinned to the ground.

此前纽约州参议院多数党领袖安德里亚·斯图尔特-库辛斯（Andrea Stewart-Cousins）在一份声明中表示，“未来几天将通过的这项立法将有助于制止危险分子，它将传达一个明确的信息，即暴行、种族主义和不公正的杀戮是不被容忍的。”

周一（8日），立法机关投票决定禁止警察使用锁喉这一危险动作。2014年，美国就已发生过一起类似事件，纽约市一名白人警察在逮捕非裔男子埃里克·加纳(Eric Garner)时，勒住了他的脖子，最终致其死亡。该案当年就受到了社会各界强烈的谴责。

"The legislation that will be passed over the coming days will help stop bad actors and send a clear message that brutality, racism, and unjustified killings will not be tolerated," New York Senate majority leader Andrea Stewart-Cousins said in a statement.

On Monday, the legislature voted to ban the use of chokeholds by police. The practice had already come under intense condemnation when an African-American man, Eric Garner, died after a white New York City police officer used a chokehold on him during a 2014 arrest.

长期以来，警察问责的支持者们一直在推动废除《纽约民权法》（50-a）中有争议的部分内容，关于禁止向公众披露警察的纪律记录。

Advocates for police accountability have long been pushing for the repeal of the contentious section of New York's Civil Rights Law, 50-a, that prevented disclosure to the public of disciplinary records of police officers.

纽约警察工会称该立法是对警察的攻击。该工会主席理查德·威尔斯表示，废除该法律将使刑事辩护律师能够引用针对某警察的旧投诉，以此来破坏该警察的证词。

New York police unions have called the legislation an attack on the police. 

"The message has been sent very clearly to police officers by our elected officials: We don't like you," Richard Wells, president of the statewide union the Police Conference of New York, told reporters. "We don't respect you. We will not support you. We want you to go away."

He said the repeal of 50-a would enable criminal defense attorneys to cite old complaints against an officer in court to undermine the officer's testimony.

A sign painted by protesters stating "Defund the Police" is painted next to a Black Lives Matter sign as people demonstrate against the death in Minneapolis police custody of George Floyd, near the White House in Washington, DC, U.S., June 7, 2020. /Reuters

与此同时，华盛顿特区的地方议会也在周二通过了一项紧急立法草案，批准了一系列警察改革措施。

Meanwhile, the district council for Washington, D.C. also approved Tuesday a raft of police reforms.

经一致投票通过的这项紧急立法禁止使用颈部约束，比如针对弗洛伊德使用的那种锁喉动作，该法案还禁止警察局雇用被开除过的警员，并对非致命武力和警察部门购买军用武器等措施加以限制。如果“警员涉嫌致死亡或过度使用武力”后，将会被公开个人信息。

The emergency legislation, approved by a unanimous vote, bars the use of neck restraints, such as the one used against Floyd, and requires the release of names and images from officers' body cameras after "an officer-involved death or the serious use of force."

It also prohibits the Metropolitan Police Department from hiring people with a documented history of police misconduct and places limits on non-deadly force and the police department's acquisition of military weaponry, among other measures.

美国首都华盛顿警察局长彼得·纽沙姆（Peter Newsham）在周一的新闻发布会上表示，该部门在过去的二十年中已经进行了许多改革，他会与提出该立法的市议员查尔斯·艾伦（Charles Allen）进一步讨论其所担心的问题。

DC police chief Peter Newsham told a news conference Monday the department had already made a number of reforms in the past two decades and would discuss concerns it had with Charles Allen, the council member who introduced the legislation.

对于此项紧急立法，美国首都华盛顿市长缪里尔·鲍泽（Muriel Bowser）在一份声明中表示，她支持该立法，但认为应该进行公开讨论。

In a statement read by the council's chairman, Phil Mendelson, Mayor Muriel Bowser said she was supportive of the legislation but thought there should be a public discussion.

大多数美国人在很大程度上是支持和平抗议活动的。

Most Americans support the protests, which have been largely peaceful.

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