有性侵、虐待未成年人等十种行为的拟解聘！教育部就外教聘任办法征求意见

7月21日，教育部网站发布公告，就《外籍教师聘任和管理办法（征求意见稿）》（以下简称《征求意见稿》）公开征求意见。

《征求意见稿》对聘任外籍教师的基本要求、资质条件、考核监督等作出了规定。

据悉，《征求意见稿》适用于依法设立的实施学历教育的各级各类学校和幼儿园、自考助学机构、校外培训机构以及线上培训机构。

Chinese authorities issued a draft regulation on Tuesday that would see foreign teachers in the country sitting training workshops on domestic laws and ethics and sacked for legal and disciplinary violations.

Drafted jointly by the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Public Security and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the document is now soliciting public opinions on the provisions it lists.

The rules give power to education authorities to punish and remove expat teachers from their jobs if they committed crimes or were found to have used drugs, mistreated students or undertaken religious education, among other violations.

目前，《征求意见稿》正在面向社会公开征求意见，反馈截至今年8月21日。

Authorities are seeking public feedback on the draft until August 21, after which revisions could be made before the regulation is finalized and adopted.

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 外教应具备学士以上学位等教育背景 

《征求意见稿》明确，外籍教师应当具备从事教育工作所必需的教育资质和教学技能。

其中，在各级各类学校担任学科专业（含外国语言文学专业）教师的，应当具备学士以上学位和相关教育机构相关学科2年以上教育教学工作经历或者相关领域工作经历；担任外国语言培训教师的，应当具备学士以上学位并受过相应的语言教学专门训练，取得相应的语言培训资质且一般从事母语国母语教学；用中文教授相关课程的，普通话水平应达到《普通话水平测试等级标准》三级乙等及以上标准或者通过汉语水平考试获得相应等级证书。

外籍人员已获得博士学位，或者取得国籍国教师资格证书，或者拥有教师教育类学士以上学位的，可以免除相应教育工作经历要求。

All foreign teachers need to have at least a bachelor's degree, a minimum of two years of teaching experience and relevant language teaching qualifications, according to the new guidelines.

同时，外籍教师应当身心健康，品行良好，无犯罪记录，无传染性疾病和精神障碍史，无性骚扰、吸食注射毒品、长期服用依赖性精神药品等行为以及其他可能对学生安全和身心健康造成影响的疾病、行为。

The new regulations also require that all foreign teachers have no criminal record, infectious diseases, or history of mental illness, sexual harassment and drug use.

 外教吸毒、性侵未成年人将被禁止从业 

《征求意见稿》提出，建立外籍教师信用记录制度。

根据《征求意见稿》，外籍教师有下列情形之一的，教育机构应当予以解聘，并报告主管教育行政部门，记入信用记录：

（一）有损害中国国家主权、安全、荣誉和社会公共利益的言行的；

（二）被追究刑事责任的；

（三）妨碍教育方针贯彻落实的；

（四）有吸食毒品等违反治安管理行为的；

（五）有性侵害、虐待未成年人行为的；

（六）非法从事宗教教育或者传教的；

（七）从事邪教活动的；

（八）有性骚扰学生或者其他严重违反中国的公序良俗和教师职业道德、行为准则的；

（九）在申请来华任教过程中提供虚假证明信息的；

（十）本办法第三十条规定的失信记录累计超过3条的。（第三十条包括：有严重学术不端行为的；在受聘任的教育机构以外违规从事有偿工作的；违反聘任机构规章制度，被解聘的；聘任期未满，擅自离职的。）

A credit system for foreign teachers would also be in place, which will reward law-abiding employees with convenient entry and exit procedures while penalizing those who break the law.

The draft says teachers should be fired and fined for such criminal offenses as taking drugs, abusing and sexually assaulting juveniles, engaging in illegal preaching and cult activities, and reported to educational authorities.

 教育机构非法聘任外教、造假将被处罚 

对于教育机构，《征求意见稿》要求，应在外教收到来华工作许可及居留许可后五个工作日内，将合同文本首页、注明聘期页和双方签字页、外籍教师来华工作许可、居留许可等材料上传至全国外籍教师综合信息服务平台，生成外籍教师备案号码。

教育机构应当将所聘任外教的姓名、国籍等基本信息和聘任岗位、备案号码、工作许可证等信息在其公示栏及网站上公示。

The new guidelines require the establishment of a national information platform where education institutions will be able to register, report and search for information about foreign teachers.

A foreign teacher in class after the resumption of school in Shanghai, June 1, 2020. /VCG

对初次聘任的外籍教师，教育机构应组织开展不少于二十个学时的岗位培训，内容包括中国宪法、法律、国情、师德、教育方针政策和业务知识、教学能力等。

The document also requires education institutions to provide at least 20 training sessions for foreign staff on Chinese laws and teaching ethics before they take up employment.

《征求意见稿》明确，教育机构及其他社会组织，非法聘用未经许可和备案的外籍人员任教，或者组织聘用外籍人员非法从事教育教学活动的，由县级以上地方人民政府公安机关及其出入境管理机构依法予以处罚。构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

在申请外籍教师来华工作许可、居留许可过程中，伪造、变造文件和证明材料的，由县级以上地方人民政府公安机关及其出入境管理机构依法予以处罚。

Schools that illegally hire foreign teachers without the right qualifications can be fined up to 10,000 yuan (1,400 U.S. dollars) per teacher, and those who seriously violate regulations will have their business permits revoked.

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 “外教乱象”能否终结？ 

《征求意见稿》在微博等社交媒体上引起热议，大多数网友对加强外籍教师管理表示支持。

近年来，国内教育培训市场持续火爆，以外语培训、外教授课为卖点的培训课程更是受到家长的普遍青睐。有竞争力的薪资和福利待遇，也吸引了一批又一批将目光投向中国教育市场的外籍求职者。

不过， 在外语教学市场火爆的背后，也浮现出一些“外教乱象”：一些外语培训机构所聘请外教的基本资质、教学能力备受争议；还有一些外教的犯罪记录更是引发舆论哗然……

Demand for foreign teachers in China has grown in recent years amid a boom in English training centers and a push by academic institutions to internationalize their staff profile. Competitive salaries and benefit packages have attracted throngs of job seekers from abroad, but illegal hirings and a string of high-profile incidents involving foreign teachers have triggered public outcry and government crackdown.

据国家外国专家局的官方统计，截至2017年，在中国从事教育行业的外国人已达40余万，而合法外教数量仅占三分之一。

Of the 400,000 foreign teachers working in China in 2017, only a third had a valid work permit, according to China's Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs.

治理“外教乱象”，成为家长和师生的普遍诉求。如何助力化解这一市场乱象，给孩子一个合法、合规、健康、有序的外教市场，需要全社会群策群力。

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