什么是中国倡导的新型国际关系？听听库恩怎么说

I'm Robert Lawrence Kuhn and here's what I'm watching: China's New Type of International Relations, which is guided by "Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy". An "inflection point" in mathematics occurs when there is a change of curvature, say from concave to convex. There is now an inflection point in China's diplomacy from reactive to proactive. Future historians may characterize this transformation as one of the defining geopolitical trends of the first half of the 21st century.

我是主持人罗伯特·劳伦斯·库恩，本期节目探讨的话题是：习近平外交思想指导下的新型国际关系。在数学上，当曲率发生变化，比如从凹转向凸，就会出现拐点。目前，中国的外交正处于从被动到主动的拐点。未来的史学家可能会将这一转变视为21世纪上半叶最具影响力的地缘政治趋势之一。

Many foreigners worry about a strong China. The so-called "China Threat" is real in that many foreigners believe it to be real. Some years ago, speaking to a high-level conference on foreign affairs, President Xi articulated the "strategic objectives and principal tasks of foreign affairs work": safeguarding China's core interests, crafting a conducive international environment, and hastening the nation's emergence as a great power. China, he said, should conduct "diplomacy as a great power" in an increasingly "multipolar" world — "making friends and forming partnership networks throughout the world" and "striving to gain more understanding and support from all countries" for the Chinese Dream.

很多外国人对中国的崛起感到担忧，对所谓的“中国威胁论”深信不疑。几年前，习主席出席中央外事工作会议，指出外事工作的战略目标和主要任务是维护中国核心利益，营造有利国际环境，加快建设现代化强国，在日益“多极化”的世界中开展“大国外交”，“广交朋友，形成遍布全球的伙伴关系网络”，“争取世界各国对中国梦的理解和支持”。

China cannot compete for global leadership by hard power alone. Economic and military strength, while necessary, are not sufficient. There must also be moral and ethical aspects to China's rise. President Xi recognizes this. China, he said, should "see to it that equal importance is attached to justice and benefits, stress faithfulness, value friendship, carry forward righteousness, and foster ethics".

中国不能仅凭硬实力来竞争国际领导力。经济实力和军事实力虽是必要的，但仍不够，中国的崛起必须有道义支撑。习主席充分认识到这一点，指出中国应“义利兼顾，要讲信义、重情义、扬正义、树道义。”

What is Xi's grand vision for China? The world is watching; many are hopeful, many are fearful. For China to fulfill its potential as a global leader, it must gain the world's respect for its principles and philosophies. This involves appreciation for China's self-determined "road of development" and for its political system. This is a larger topic but such appreciation can develop with a kind of convergence, where China's political system continues to reform, with increasing transparency and freedoms, and where foreigners come to understand that pragmatic competence managing China's complex society trumps idealistic ideologies of multi-party democracies.

习主席对于中国的宏大构想是怎样的呢？中国吸引着全球的目光，有人充满希望，有人充满担忧。中国要成为全球领袖，必须先赢得世界其他国家对其原则和理念的尊重，包括对于中国自主决定的“发展道路”和政治体系的认可。这是一个更加宏大的话题，但是可以随着双方的相向而行而获得。一方面，中国不断改革其政治体制，注入更多民主和自由，另一方面，外国人逐渐意识到管理中国复杂社会的可行政体并非理想化的多党民主制。

In my dream of a post-adversarial world, China assumes increasing responsibility for world peace and prosperity, which may mean editing old scripts and changing approaches. For its part, the United States rejects the Cold-War mentality of "containing China" as being archaic and self-defeating.

在我看来，中美结束对抗后的理想状态下，中国会承担更多责任，维护世界和平，促进世界繁荣，这或许意味着调整原有的计划，改变一些方式方法。对美国来说，就是拒绝“遏制中国”的冷战思维，因为这些想法已经过时，无异于自掘坟墓。

Of course, the U.S. and China would still have areas of contention — trade, human rights, territorial disputes — but different political systems should not be among them. Politico-economic theories constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries have modest utility in the 21st century, where modern nations optimize free markets and government regulation that by nature can be neither generalized nor static.

当然，中美仍有争议的领域——贸易、人权、领土争端，但不同的政体不应成为其一。18世纪和19世纪构建的政治经济理论在21世纪作用有限，如今现代国家不断完善自由市场和政府监管的关系，而从本质上来看这既无法泛泛而论也并非一成不变。

In today's world, the real conflict should not be between opposing political systems but rather between the forces of modernity, competence and development on the one hand, and those of ignorance, exploitation and oppression on the other. China's can make its engagement with global diplomacy celebrated.

当今世界，真正的冲突并非存在于不同的政体，而是现代与无知、能力与剥削、发展与压迫之间。中国有能力很好地参与全球外交。

I'm keeping watch. I'm Robert Lawrence Kuhn.

我将持续关注。我是主持人罗伯特·劳伦斯·库恩。

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