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结束了吗?还没有!

CGTN 2021-03-18

If you had to choose, choose

如果你必须选择,选择

The people are asking to hear my voice

人民征询我的意见

For the country is facing a difficult choice

因为国家正面临艰难选择


——音乐剧《汉密尔顿》选段“1800年选举”

2020年美国大选真可谓跌宕起伏,一波三折。

正如音乐剧《汉密尔顿》所唱,这个国家似乎“正面临艰难选择”。

虽然距离选举日已过去4天,但选举结果却迟迟未能“出炉”。

将决定最终胜负的几个“摇摆州”计票工作仍在进行中,选情也愈发胶着。

佐治亚州将重新计票

当地时间11月6日,佐治亚州州务卿布拉德·拉芬斯珀格(Brad Raffensperger)在新闻发布会上表示,由于选票差距过小,佐治亚州将重新进行计票,目前仍无法宣布结果。

佐治亚州共拥有16张选举人票。按照佐治亚州的规定,若得票率差距小于等于0.5%,候选人就可以要求重新计票。

The state of Georgia, which is at the epicenter of the U.S. presidential elections, is headed for a recount of votes, Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger said on Friday.

"The focus for our office and for the county election officials for now remains on making sure that every legal vote is counted and recorded accurately," said Raffensperger.

"As we are closing in on a final count, we can begin to look for our next steps. With a margin that small, there will be a recount in Georgia."

拜登发表讲话:“我们将赢得这场竞选!”

“我们还没有宣布最终的胜利,但数字告诉我们一个清晰而令人信服的故事:我们将赢得这场选举!”

当地时间11月6日,民主党总统候选人拜登在特拉华州威尔明顿发表讲话,表达对自己选情的信心,并呼吁选民保持耐心,让清点选票的过程顺利进行。

拜登还在讲话中表示每张选票都将被统计,他不会允许阻止计票的行为。

Democrat Joe Biden said his campaign is going to win the presidential race with a clear majority, in an address on Friday night, adding that he's on track to win over 300 electoral votes.

"The numbers tell us a clear and convincing story: We're going to win this race."

As tensions grow over ballot count, Biden has called for calm and urged every vote to be counted. "We need to remain calm, patient. And let the process work out as we count all the votes," said Biden. 

特朗普连发推文,质疑大选计票公正性

共和党总统候选人、现任总统特朗普则在11月6日连发推文,质疑大选计票的公正性,并表示将推进相关法律诉讼的进程。

“佐治亚州那些正在服兵役的选民的选票去哪儿了?发生了什么?”


“在选举日晚间,我在所有这些州都有相当大的领先优势,之后几天,这些优势奇迹般地消失了。随着我们的法律诉讼的推进,这些领先优势一定还会回来!”


“随着激进左翼民主党人对共和党参议院的攻击,总统一职变得更为重要!”

连日来,特朗普竞选团队已在密歇根、宾夕法尼亚等州提起法律诉讼,要求停止计票或重新计票,但这些州的法官先后驳回了特朗普团队提起的诉讼。

美国历史上几次“悬而未决”的大选结果


受新冠疫情影响,今年美国大选邮寄选票激增,因此计票工作需要更多时间,这是选举结果迟迟未能“出炉”的主要原因。

但大选进入“加时赛”的情况,其实并非首次。

在美国历史上,也有几次总统大选历经波折,最终才尘埃落定。

1800年:杰斐逊VS伯尔

托马斯·杰斐逊(左)以及阿伦·伯尔(右)

按美国早期宪法规定,每位选举人可以投两张总统选票。计票时,得票第一且票数过半者当选总统,第二多者当选副总统。

1800年10月举行的第4届总统选举中,民主共和党人托马斯·杰斐逊(Thomas Jefferson)虽然击败了对手——联邦党人约翰·亚当斯(John Adams),但他和竞选搭档阿伦·伯尔(Aaron Burr, Jr)同时获得了73张选举人票。

按照当时的宪法规定,众议院应当在伯尔和杰斐逊中投票选出总统。就这样,原本的竞选伙伴却变成了对手。

当时众议院由联邦党控制,部分联邦党议员不愿投票给杰斐逊,转而支持伯尔,这导致了投票的分散。1801年2月11日到17日,众议院进行了35轮投票,但仍未能决出结果。

10美元上的亚历山大·汉密尔顿像

后来在联邦党人亚历山大·汉密尔顿(Alexander Hamilton,美国开国元勋,制宪会议代表及《美国宪法》起草人和签署人之一,第一任财政部长,美国政党制度创建者)积极游说下,第36轮投票中部分联邦党议员改变了主意,将杰斐逊送上了总统宝座。

这次选举暴露了美国宪法原始条文中的缺陷,也对后来的美国大选程序产生了影响。1804年,美国国会通过了第十二条宪法修正案,规定未来投票时,选举人必须对总统和副总统候选人分开投票。

In the fourth U.S. presidential election of 1800, although Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson defeated his rival, Federalist John Adams, he still had to compete with his running partner Aaron Burr. This quirk was due to a loophole in the U.S. Constitution at the time. 

The Constitution stipulated that every elector had two votes in the election and that the candidate with the most votes became the president, while the runner-up became the vice president. But it did not separate the presidency race from the competition to become vice president.

Jefferson and Burr each received 73 electoral votes. In the case of a tie, the onus fell on the House of Representatives to settle the election results... Although voting took place in October, the result was finally decided in February of 1801. It took the House, which was dominated by the Federalists at the time, over a week to break the tie, voting an astonishing 36 times.. 

In order to avoid another mess of the same nature, the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution, which regulated the separate votes for president and vice president, was passed in 1804. 

1876年:海斯VS蒂尔登

拉瑟福德·伯查德·海斯(左)以及塞缪尔·蒂尔顿(右)

1876年第23届总统选举中,民主党候选人塞缪尔·蒂尔顿(Samuel Tilden)获得184张选举人票,共和党候选人拉瑟福德·伯查德·海斯(Rutherford Birchard Hayes)只有165张。但当时佛罗里达、南卡罗来纳、路易斯安那、俄勒冈四个州20张选举人票归属尚未确定,共和党认为自己赢得了这20张选举人票,坚决不承认败选。

经过长时间的僵持和谈判,美国国会于1877年1月成立一个选举委员会,成员包括众议员、参议员和最高法院的法官,来裁定选举结果。

1877年3月2日选举委员会最终宣布,以八比七的表决结果将剩下的20张选举人票判给海斯,使海斯以一票之差险胜,成为总统。这也是美国有史以来选举人得票数差距最小的一次(185–184)。

The election of 1876 was one of the most contested in American history and the nation waited four months before learning the outcome.

At first, Democrat Samuel Tilden got 184 electoral votes, while his rival, Republican Rutherford Birchard Hayes secured 165. However, 20 electoral votes from Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina and Oregon were in doubt.

In January 1877, Congress established an Electoral Commission to settle the dispute. The final electoral vote was 185 to 184 and Hayes was certified as the winner on March 2. 

2000年:布什VS戈尔

点击↑↑↑《20年前,打上最高法院的一场美国大选》

2000年第54届总统大选中,共和党候选人乔治·沃克·布什(George Walker Bush)对阵民主党候选人阿尔·戈尔(AI Gore)。历经36天,此次选举结果才最终“出炉”。

拥有25张选举人票的佛罗里达州是当年双方争夺焦点,先后经历优势难判、重新计票、计票质疑、要求重新验票等一连串跌宕剧情。2000年12月12日,美国联邦最高法院以5票对4票的表决结果,推翻了佛罗里达州最高法院有关总统大选“继续人工计票的决定”,从而在事实上判定了布什当选总统。

The 2000 contest between Republican George Walker Bush and Democrat Al Gore lasted for 36 days, from Election Day on November 7 to Gore conceding on December 13 after the Supreme Court decided to halt the Florida recount.

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