评论 | 中国如何实现其科技雄心？
Editor's note: In China today, there is wide acknowledgment that innovation will have to play a key role in the country's economic development. At the opening ceremony of China's 3rd International Import Expo, Chinese President Xi Jinping yet again stressed the importance of innovation. Alessandro Teixeira, former Special Economic Adviser to the President of Brazil and a National Thousand Talent Distinguished Professor of Public Policy at China's Tsinghua University, working with China's tech companies in the past few years, shares his views on the country's tech ambitions. Views expressed in the video are his, and not necessarily those of CGTN.
编者按：在中国未来的经济发展中，科技将发挥不可替代的作用。在正在举行的第三届进博会开幕式上，习近平主席也再次强调了创新和科技的重要性。亚历山德罗·特谢拉，前巴西总统特别经济顾问，清华大学教授在本视频中分享了他对中国科技创新的看法。视频中观点为专家本人观点，不代表CGTN立场。
CGTN：您一直在与中国的科技企业合作，您对中国当前科技创新的情况有什么看法？
Alessandro Teixeira: I think at least in the last five years, the technology and innovation scene in China has changed a lot. In the last decade, we were talking about some innovation spots, innovation clusters in China but nowadays the spreading of innovation and the innovation clusters are pretty much in every single place in China you can find. One of the examples that I can give is in different locations. Like I said, in Xi'an, Shenzhen, Shandong, in all different provinces and cities, you have companies that are searching for innovation.
亚历山德罗·特谢拉：我觉得至少在过去五年里，中国的科技创新领域发生了很大变化。在过去十年里，我们常常谈到中国创新“园区”和创新“集群”。但如今，中国到处都洋溢着创新热情，创新集群几乎遍布中国各地，我可以举出很多拥有创新集群的地点。比如说在西安、深圳、山东等不同的省市中都有企业在寻求创新。
So that's the reason why China now is the second country in the world in “unicorns.” What I mean by unicorns are companies with valuation of over one billion U.S. dollars. Out of the top five unicorn companies [in the world] that have valuations of over one billion U.S. dollars, China has at least three companies. So that shows how China is impacting the innovation scene. So you can talk about innovation because you have a lot of entrepreneurship.
这就是为何中国现在的“独角兽企业”数量位居全球第二。我所说的独角兽是指估值超过十亿美元的公司。在[全球]估值超过10亿美元的五大独角兽企业中，中国至少有三家，这体现了中国在创新领域的影响力。因此，中国有资格谈创新，因为中国人富有企业家精神。
CGTN: What would be your advice on China’s technological innovation?
CGTN：您对中国的科技创新有何建议？
Alessandro Teixeira: I think that there are some challenges that China needs to go through. The first challenge I would say, is to increase the interaction between research that is done at the university level and the private sector. Integrate more companies, or SOEs or private sector companies with Chinese universities and Chinese basic research. That's what I think is the first challenge.
亚历山德罗·特谢拉：我认为中国需要克服一些挑战，第一个挑战是加强大学科研机构与私营部门之间的互动。加强包括国有企业和民营企业在内的更多企业与中国的大学和基础研究机构之间的合作。
The second challenge is to increase what you call “demand innovation”, which is that customers tell companies how they want, what they need in terms of new products and new services.
第二个挑战在于加强所谓的“需求创新”即客户告诉企业他们想要什么，他们需要什么新产品和新服务。
And I think the third challenge and the very important one is that I see a lot of movement from the government to increase the funding for small- and medium-sized enterprises, especially these small enterprises.
我认为第三个挑战也非常重要。我看到中国政府在不断采取行动，增加对于中小企业 特别是小企业的资金支持。
So we are talking about developing a venture capital sector, the sector that gives money to good ideas, that gives money to you to leave the university and have a good idea to start a company. That means that we don't need to have red tape. We need to access funding for these people who want to develop their ideas into projects and turn their projects into companies.
所以说必须要发展中国的风险投资部门，让拥有好想法的人能获得启动资金，让他们能够从容离开大学，将好想法转化为好企业。这意味着中国需要简化流程，需要为那些有好想法的人提供资金，帮助他们将想法转化为项目，然后在项目基础上创办公司。
I think with those three elements, China is going to increase the number of innovations, is going to be one of the top countries in the world in terms of science, technology, and innovation.
我想具备了这三个要素，中国的创新活力将进一步得到激发，成为科学 技术和创新领域最顶尖的国家之一 。