疫苗获批背后：发达国家疯狂“囤货”，贫穷国家还要等多久？

当前，全球疫情形势仍然十分严峻，新冠疫苗的好消息接连传出，给饱受疫情煎熬的人们带来曙光。

不仅疫苗的研发在紧锣密鼓地进行，各国疫苗审批进程也在纷纷加速。继辉瑞疫苗在英国通过审批、加拿大和美国相继批准投入紧急使用之后，欧洲其他国家也正在加紧审批辉瑞和另一款疫苗。

中国国药集团研发生产的新冠疫苗也获得埃及、墨西哥、印尼等国的青睐，并已在阿联酋正式注册。

More countries are giving the go-ahead to the emergency use of coronavirus vaccines as the first shipments of the antidote reach their buyers.

Following the UK okaying the use of the Pfizer vaccine, Canada and the United States followed suit while across Europe, governments are accelerating the approval of different vaccines.

Last week, Egypt also received its first shipment of vaccines developed by China National Pharmaceutical Group (Sinopharm) and will get more deliveries soon. Mexico signed an agreement to buy 35 million doses of Chinese firm CanSino Biologics' COVID-19 vaccine, while the UAE “officially registered” the vaccine developed by Sinopharm, which it found was 86 percent efficient, citing an interim analysis of late-stage clinical trials.

为保证本国疫苗供应充足，西方发达国家争相抢购疫苗，英美等国更“先下手为强”，直接与疫苗制造商签订预购合同。以加拿大为例，作为目前购买疫苗最多的国家，该国已订购足够保护每个加拿大人接种五次的疫苗量。预计到2021年底，西方发达国家所囤积的疫苗数量将达到本国人口的近三倍。

根据杜克大学全球健康创新中心的数据，早在疫苗问世以前，中高收入国家已经抢先预购了近90亿剂的疫苗。中等收入国家也正在加大疫苗购买剂量，巴西和印度已经获得的疫苗剂量基本可以覆盖大约一半的人口。

An analysis from researchers at Duke University’s Global Health Innovation Center found that middle- and high-income countries have already purchased and pre-ordered nearly nine billion vaccine doses before any pharmaceutical product was available on the market.

Middle-income countries are also reserving their share of the doses. Brazil and India already have secured the right to enough vaccines to cover about half of their population, the analysis noted. 

“人民疫苗联盟”最新研究报告数据显示，一些富裕国家不惜用高价“拦截”了各大生物制药公司所生产的约53%的疫苗。

与此同时，欠发达国家和地区正深陷疫苗难求的窘境。

报告指出，目前莫德纳公司新冠疫苗的所有份额和辉瑞公司超过96%的疫苗都已经被财力雄厚的发达国家扫购一空。如果放任哄抢疫苗的行为继续下去，至少有67个贫穷国家明年只能为其十分之一的人口接种新冠疫苗，将有数十亿人被剥夺接种疫苗的机会。

自疫苗竞赛开始以来， 为避免“疫苗民族主义”加剧，各国都在呼吁采取合作方式进行疫苗开发和分配。多个国际组织和专家都对西方发达国家买断世界上绝大多数疫苗供应的做法表示了担忧，一旦最早几批疫苗被富裕国家瓜分殆尽，贫穷国家将无法得到保障。

Since the arms race for a coronavirus vaccine, there have been calls for cooperation in vaccine development and distribution in order to avoid the intensification of "vaccine nationalism." 

Global organizations and experts have shown concern about the practice of developed countries to buy out the vast majority of vaccine supplies around the world. Once the first batch of vaccines is sold out by rich countries, there is no guarantee that poor countries could get their share.

为此，世界卫生组织多次呼吁各国政府将预防新冠病毒的疫苗变成“公共产品”，使所有国家的高危群体都能优先接种，世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞敦促更多国家加入“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”（COVAX），以确保疫苗的公平分配。

目前，包括中国在内，已有189个国家和经济体加入该行列，其中有92个为中低收入国家。COVAX计划到2021年底向全球提供20亿剂疫苗，但这仍只能满足参与该计划的国家20%左右的需求。

The Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has said the only way to recover from the pandemic was by working together and making sure poorer countries had fair access to a vaccine. China announced it is joining the COVAX initiative on October 9 to help the world fight against the pandemic. The talks are on with the WHO to have its domestically manufactured vaccines assessed for international use.

对于绝大多数欠发达国家而言，尽管每日都有数以万计的人因新冠病毒死亡，但等待仍是唯一选择。

当新冠疫情成为一场席卷全球的公共卫生安全危机，任何国家都无法置身事外。西方国家大量囤积疫苗的行为不仅在全球范围内破坏了确保所有人都不受新冠病毒侵害的努力，更不利于新冠疫情及早结束。

“在所有人都安全之前，没有人是安全的”。 

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