应对气候变化，谁来“挑大梁”？

虽然新冠疫情封禁措施抑制了温室气体排放，2016年-2020年期间仍可能是有记录以来气温最高的五年。面对日趋严峻的气候变化形势，一些国家的领导人却依然无动于衷，甚至对此持怀疑态度。各国要如何应对气候变化这一重大挑战？

在本周举行的世界经济论坛“应对气候变化行动”分论坛上，中国国际电视台（ CGTN）主持人田薇与各国政商领袖就这一话题展开讨论。

The world's warmest five years on record have all occurred since 2015. This rapidly warming planet coincided with climate inaction and sometimes outright climate skepticism from some world leaders. Now, the time for lofty goals on climate change is gone, as we all have to catch up with environmental boots on the ground. At Davos Agenda 2021, CGTN's Tian Wei hosted a leadership panel with political and business leaders from Asia and Europe, to mobilize actions on climate change.

瑞士再保险集团首席执行官Christian Mumenthaler谈到，虽然“碳中和”是一个非常有价值的目标，但美好的愿景不一定总能实现。在实际操作层面，企业会基于各自所在国家的国情而形成不同的文化价值体系。

Mumenthaler说，虽然在美国，有法律明文规定，董事会服务于股东利益。但在欧洲，很多国家的法律明文规定，董事会必须服务于公司的整体利益，虽然欧洲也会受到美国一些影响。而亚洲地区却有着截然不同的企业哲学，比如中国和日本，和谐社会的概念深入人心。

Mumenthaler还说，公众现在对企业的要求越来越高了——企业不仅要意识到气候问题的重要性，还要积极参与全球气候治理。

Carbon neutrality is a worthy goal, but even the best intentions are not guaranteed in the corporate world. Christian Mumenthaler, group CEO of Swiss Re, explains that companies adopt different governing norms based on their country of origin. But these differences have become more pronounced as companies that aspire to serve society and not just a wealthy few become inspirations for all. 

Mumenthaler explains that in the U.S., the law says the boards of directors have to work for the benefit of shareholders. While this is not the case in the Europe as the boards of directors have to act in the interests of the company, which is still influenced by the U.S. However, China and Japan have a different approach; they have the harmonious society concept.

Mumenthaler says that the public now demands that corporations go from being climate conscious to being climate active.

"Pension funds feel the pressure, and put the pressure on the companies. They have to transition to a Net Zero world. It started in Nordic countries, but it came down south before moving to Canada and the U.S. This movement began two years ago. This culminated in the letter of Larry Fink, the biggest asset manager in the U.S., which said that companies that didn't commit to Net Zero 2050 will be left behind."

在应对气候变化的全球行动中，各国政府在决策过程中扮演了关键角色。

在讨论中，中国生态环境部部长黄润秋再次重申中国在2060年前实现碳中和的目标，并指出，这一目标的达成将有赖于企业去拉低如太阳能、风能等再生能源的价格。

黄润秋还介绍，中国多次组织培训项目，向各国专家分享中国在环保领域的成功经验。

Governments play a pivotal role in setting policies. China's Minister of Ecology and Environment, Huang Runju, reaffirmed China's plan of reaching carbon neutrality by 2060. This was made possible by corporations driving down the price of renewable energy sources like solar and wind. 

Huang also described how China wanted to share its environmental know-how by organizing 145 training programs with 2,000 specialists to other countries.

中国为推动气候治理跨国合作所做的努力，也得到了西班牙副首相兼生态转型大臣特雷莎·里韦拉的认同。

她提到，欧洲目前正在积极制定碳减排政策，以期成为第一个实现“碳中和”的大洲。

China's push for international cooperation on climate action is echoed by Teresa Ribera, Spain's minister of ecological transition.

It's a good idea of a race to be the first one to be more committed to climate action. Europe is thinking about regulations to become the first continent to be carbon neutral, she said.

事实上，气候治理已经不再仅限于国家或者国际层面。日本东京都知事小池百合子说，东京很好地示范了市级政府如何为环保企业提供便利。

韩国LG化学公司首席执行官辛学喆也认同，应对气候变化，不论是公共部门还是企业，都需要采取自上而下的方式。

他对自己提出了三点具体要求：一是承诺投入，将其视作CEO的重要目标之一；二是设置具体的里程碑并制定可行计划；三是与公共部门密切合作，共同应对气候变化挑战。

Climate action is not limited to the national or supranational level, and the city of Tokyo is an interesting case study of how metropolitan authorities can provide the conditions that favor environmentally conscious companies, said Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike.

"Tokyo is implementing many solutions to climate challenges. We have actions to reduce 50 percent of CO2 emissions. We also announced the ban on sales of gas-fueled cars by 2030. Tokyo is party to C40, a group of major cities dedicated to tackling climate change."

Hak Cheol Shin, vice chairman and CEO of LG Chem, agrees with Koike on the top-down approach to climate change, be it from the public or corporate sector. He adds that CEOs need to step up with a personal commitment demonstrated by his three goals.

"Leadership commitment at the top is the only way to make it happen. First we need to commit ourselves to the goal and declare this is a personal priority as a CEO. Secondly, operationalize by setting specific milestones and develop actionable plans to get there. Without clearly defined reduction goals the slogans will be hollow. Thirdly, we must engage the public sector to tackle the issues as a team. This is my working model for my colleagues."

Asia and Europe have numerous blueprints for climate action. With joint efforts, they will contribute to the global cause on climate protection.

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