近日，美国与墨西哥边境出现大规模移民潮。当地时间21日，美国总统拜登表示，他将在“某一节点”访问美墨边境。 今年2月，拜登曾签署三项关于移民政策的行政命令，试图扭转前总统特朗普时期的强硬移民政策。但在一些美国媒体看来，“边境人道主义危机”不但没有好转，反而因近期非法移民激增而加剧。 #1. 美墨边境移民激增 据美国哥伦比亚广播公司当地时间21日报道，截至20日，美国联邦政府在美墨边境收容和拘留了约15500名无人陪伴的未成年非法移民。 报道称，目前近10500名未成年非法移民已被转入用于收容未成年人的收容所，还有约5000人滞留在海关与边境保护局的边境站。未成年人在边境站所处平均时间长达136小时，远超美国法律规定的72小时限制。 此前，美国国土安全部在一份声明中说，美墨边境非法移民数量达到20年来最高水平。海关与边境保护局数据则显示，今年2月，美国执法人员在美墨边境逮捕或驱逐了逾10万名非法移民，为2019年以来单月最高。 "The border is closed": With those words, a top official of the U.S. administration under President Joe Biden pushed back Sunday against fast-mounting criticism that it has bungled immigration policy, spurring an influx of migrants over the U.S.-Mexico border in the biggest crisis to emerge under the new president. U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas said the administration's message to would-be border-crossers was simple: "Now is not the time to come. Do not come. The journey is dangerous." There is a growing humanitarian crisis at the border as the number of migrants fleeing violence, natural disasters and economic hardship spiked. With an estimated 15,500 migrant children or teenagers already in federal custody – roughly a third of them in facilities meant for adults – and with the U.S. on pace to see two million undocumented migrants arrive this year, the problem has become impossible to ignore. Biden himself vowed Sunday to visit the border and said he was stepping up the message to migrants to stay home. "We're in the process of doing it now, including making sure that we reestablish what existed before, which was – they can stay in place and make their case from their home country," he told reporters. #2. “拥挤、饥饿、恐惧” 美国媒体近日曝光称，有律师了解到，海关与边境保护局的设施内，儿童在拥挤、饥饿、恐惧中艰难求生，过着不见天日的生活。 民主党议员亨利•库埃拉日前发布的一组内部照片揭露了孩子们恶劣的生活状况：
另一位民主党议员克里斯•墨菲上周随议员小组探访得州边境城市埃尔帕索一处移民安置点。按照他的描述，数以百计的儿童移民挤在“一个大开间”里，一名13岁女孩讲述的经历令他差点落泪。 与他同行的美国国土安全部部长亚历杭德罗•马约卡斯说，特朗普任内，这样的女孩“可能被打发走，被赶到墨西哥沙漠，或是被遣送回她因恐惧而逃离的国家”。 A bipartisan group of U.S. lawmakers visited immigration facilities in the El Paso, Texas area last week, and several emerged with sharp criticism. Senator Chris Murphy, a Democrat, said he saw hundreds of children packed into a "big, open room," and "fought back tears" as he listened to a 13-year-old girl who was distraught after being separated from her grandmother. Mayorkas, who traveled with the group to El Paso, said that under the previous administration, such a girl would have been "turned away and turned into the desert of Mexico or sent back to the very country from which she fled, by reason of fear or prosecution." #3. “边境人道主义危机” 愈演愈烈的非法移民潮，特别是未成年非法移民激增问题，使拜登政府备受共和党人指责，而民主党掌控的国会众议院通过的一些移民法案在两党势均力敌的参议院闯关难度也在加大。 尽管如此，美国政府官员仍坚决不把美墨边境现状称为“危机”。 据报道，白宫新闻秘书普萨基22日拒绝将目前的边境局势定义为“危机”。她表示，美国将以负责任的方式对待边境移民，确保将他们安置在安全的环境中。 马约卡斯也在近期一口气亮相三档新闻节目，强调政府正设法控制美墨边境现状——
不过，共和党议员迈克尔•麦考尔表示，看不到马约卡斯所谓的“计划”。他认为，拜登政府传递的信息是“如果大家想来，就能留下”，因此造成“边境人道主义危机”。 美联社分析，拜登政府着手打造移民法案解决长期问题，却没有应对移民激增的短期有效方案。政府官员不希望出现特朗普“骨肉分离”政策下“儿童在笼中”的画面，却也无力收容不断增加的、无人陪伴的儿童移民。 Many Republicans, but also a growing number of Democrats, have criticized the administration's border policies. Mayorkas, appearing on three television networks, insisted that the administration was doing everything it could to address the influx, but said the task was complicated by policies inherited from former president Donald Trump's administration and by the COVID-19 pandemic. "We have a plan. We are executing on our plan and we will succeed," the Havana-born Mayorkas said on ABC. "But one thing is also clear, that it takes time." Mayorkas repeatedly placed blame on Biden's predecessor Trump, who imposed an array of anti-immigration policies. "The entire system... was dismantled in its entirety by the prior administration" and had to be rebuilt, Mayorkas said. He said three new facilities had been opened to handle border arrivals just last week. 推荐阅读：美移民拘留中心被曝滥摘子宫，网友：严重侵犯人权！ 特朗普政府又摊上事儿了！数十个州反对人口普查将非法移民排除在外