观察家 | 中国的全面小康 I ——村企合作共谋发展

I’m Robert Lawrence Kuhn and here’s what I’m watching:  Rural Vitalization in China, with highest national priority,  and how new mechanisms are needed to make it work. 

我是罗伯特·劳伦斯·库恩，以下是我正在关注的：乡村振兴这一中国全国工作的重中之重，以及实现该目标所需的新机制。

China cannot claim to attain “basic socialist modernization” – the country’s goal for 2035 – if farmers, agriculture, and rural areas remain relatively weak. 

如果说“三农”问题依旧得不到解决，中国无法宣称基本实现社会主义现代化这一2035年远景目标。

The challenge of rural vitalization is not only to improve traditional ways of working, but also to find novel, new ways of working. The first principle of rural vitalization is to focus on agriculture. Traditionally, many farmers have not been confident about their futures, as agricultural income has been very low. 

乡村振兴的难点不仅在于改进传统的劳动生产方式，还在于探索新型劳动生产方式。乡村振兴的第一要务就是发展农业。长久以来，许多农民对未来缺乏信心，因为农业收入一直很低。

For China to attain common prosperity, fresh thinking in agricultural economics is essential - and two key mechanisms are advancing science and technology and enabling large enterprises to partner with local villages. 

中国要实现共同富裕，就必须以全新的思维来看待农业经济。目前有两项关键机制，一是不断推动科技发展；另一个则是促进农村与大企业间的合作。

Successful collaborations between rural villages and commercial enterprises leverage village resources and workers and utilize enterprise technology and critical mass. This requires village leadership to attract enterprises, which are motivated by profit, and requires enterprises to attract village leaders, who are motivated by bolstering the long-term development of their villages. A process accelerator is training local officials to be professional managers, which catalyzes the modernization of both local industries and rural governance. The Chinese government is constructing a comprehensive but ongoing plan for rural vitalization. 

成功的村企合作能有效撬动农村资源和人力，利用企业技术，发挥规模优势。村干部需要主动招商引资，吸引那些追求利润的企业，而企业也需要能打动村干部。后者渴望促进乡村长远发展。

要加速这一进程，可将地方官员培养成为职业经理人，促进地方产业和乡村治理现代化。中国政府正在构建一个全面且持续的乡村振兴规划。

Here are just three of some two dozen policy initiatives. 

以下仅涉及相关20余项政策举措中的3项：

1. Cultivate a group of  "one village, one product" demonstration villages with "small and special products, sophisticated and beautiful formats, and integrated layout", forming a development pattern of multiple villages connected together.

第一，培育一批 “产品小而特、业态精而美、布局聚而合”的 “一村一品”示范村镇，形成一村带数村， 多村连成片的发展格局。

2. Focus on seeds for agricultural modernization. Protect, develop and utilize germplasm resources for crops, livestock, poultry, and fish. Provide long-term stable support for genetic improvement and breeding research. 

第二， 农业现代化，种子是基础。加强国家作物、 畜禽和海洋渔业生物种质资源库建设。对育种基础性研究以及重点育种项目给予长期稳定支持。

3. Build the entire agricultural industry chain in multiple sectors - with distinctive characteristics, close connections, rich business types, value-added efficiency and active entrepreneurship. Optimize advantageous resources of the village and keep the main body of the industry chain in the county seat, while enabling farmers to share more of the value-added income of the industry. 

第三，在县域内打造农业全产业链，遴选一批特色鲜明，链条健全，联结紧密，业态丰富，增值高效，创业活跃的农业全产业链。优化乡村特色优势资源，把产业链主体留在县域，让农民更多分享产业增值收益，让农民更多分享产业增值收益。

Another mechanism for rural vitalization is a non-farming township and village enterprises, which had flourished in the early years of reform, employing at its peak some dozens of millions of laborers. But when reform in cities attracted workers to migrate for higher pay, many rural enterprises collapsed. 

实现乡村振兴的另一个重要机制在于发展非农乡镇企业，这些企业在改革开放初期发展迅猛，顶峰时期提供了数千万就业岗位。然而随着城市的改革发展，大量农民工进城追求更高的薪酬，许多乡镇企业纷纷倒闭。

But times change and rural enterprises, non-farming and farming, are making a comeback. Some are joint ventures with commercial companies; others are independent, empowered by e-commerce and astonishing logistics, such that any enterprise in China, rural no less than urban, can e-market and deliver products rapidly to anywhere in China. While the goals of rural vitalization are not new, the ways of working are new. 

如今时代变了, 非农和涉农乡镇企业都在重新展现活力。其中一些是与商业公司共同成立的企业，另一些是独资企业充分利用电商和快捷物流优势。中国的任何一家企业，无论是在城市还是农村，都可以在线进行销售，并将产品快速发往全国各地。虽然乡村振兴的目标并不新颖，但实现的方式却很新颖。

I’m Robert Lawrence Kuhn. I’m keeping Watch.

我是罗伯特·劳伦斯·库恩，我在持续观察。

推荐阅读：