决策者丨人道主义援助对于阿富汗而言更加紧迫但还不够

Editor's note: Decision Makers is a global platform for influential leaders to share their insights on events shaping today's world. Indrika Ratwatte is Director of the United Nations Refugee Agency Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific. This article reflects the author's opinions and not necessarily those of CGTN.

编者按：《决策者》是全球决策者分享对国际事务见解的平台。作者为联合国难民署亚洲及太平洋区域局局长英德里卡·拉特瓦特。作者观点不代表CGTN观点。

For months, UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, and fellow organizations working on the ground have been warning of a humanitarian disaster in Afghanistan and of the further risk of displacement. The warning bells are now ringing louder and clearer than ever. 

数月来，联合国难民署和在当地工作的其他相关机构对发生在阿富汗的人道主义灾难以及流离失所的危险发出了警告。如今，警报声更加铿锵作响。

Afghanistan's economic system is collapsing, its health system is at breaking point, and severe drought continues to grip vast swathes of the country. Over half of Afghanistan's population is facing acute hunger. The situation is especially dire for the 3.4 million people who remain forcibly displaced within the country, of whom 80 percent are women and children. 

阿富汗的经济体系正面临崩溃，医疗系统达到极限，数十年来最恶劣的旱灾笼罩着这片土地。超半数的阿富汗人面临极度饥饿。对于340万境内流离失所的阿富汗人、尤其是对其中80%的妇女和儿童来说，情况更加不容乐观。

With the freezing temperatures of a harsh winter, humanitarian response has become more urgent than before. Earlier this week, United Nations agencies launched a plan to respond to critical needs in Afghanistan in 2022, at a cost of $4.4 billion. This sum, the most-ever sought for a single country, will cover emergency needs including protection for the most vulnerable and life-saving support in shelter, food security and health care.  

凛冬已至，人道主义应对措施的必要性前所未有。本周初（1月11日），联合国机构发布了总计需40.4亿美元的人道主义应对计划，向阿富汗提供关键帮助。该计划是有史以来为单个国家发起的数额最大的人道主义援助募捐，有望覆盖所有紧急需求，向最脆弱的群体提供拯救生命的保护，包括提供庇护所，保障粮食安全和健康。

But we cannot forget the Afghans who have previously fled the country and are being generously hosted in neighboring countries. These countries, notably Iran and Pakistan, have hosted over 2.2 million registered refugees and 4 million other Afghans for over forty years. Despite facing their own challenges, they have pursued inclusive policies towards refugees, particularly in the areas of education and health care. Their generosity cannot be taken for granted; we are therefore requesting $623 million to support Afghan refugees fleeing the current crisis as well as the communities hosting them. 

但是，我们不能忘记那些之前已经被迫逃离阿富汗、并被邻国慷慨接收的阿富汗人。在过去的四十多年里，伊朗和巴基斯坦等国已接收了超过220万登记在册的难民和另外400万阿富汗人。尽管本国局势也面临挑战，他们仍面为难民推动了具有包容性的政策，特别是在教育和医疗领域。他们的慷慨相助不应被视作理所当然。为了支持逃离危机的阿富汗难民及东道主社区，我们发出筹募6.23亿美元的请求。

Over the last year, 140,000 Afghans have sought protection in neighboring countries. Many others have also crossed borders, some compelled to leave by the collapsing economy. In many cases, these vulnerable individuals have had to resort to human trafficking and smuggling networks in a desperate attempt to reach safety. Given the dire humanitarian conditions inside Afghanistan, the risk remains high that increasing numbers may feel compelled to move onwards. UNHCR remains concerned about the risk of human rights violations against civilians – in particular women and girls – in this evolving context.

在过去的一年里，14万阿富汗人在邻国寻求保护。还有一些其他人跨越了边境，其中一些人因为经济崩溃而被迫逃离。许多情况下，这些脆弱的个体只能依靠人口贩运和偷渡网络，孤注一掷地前往安全地带。考虑到阿富汗境内日益严峻的人道主义危机，更多人可能不得不选择离境。联合国难民署对平民——尤其是妇女和女童——人权受到侵犯的风险深表关切。

As we have seen time and time again, in Afghanistan and elsewhere, a humanitarian emergency is never limited to a single country; its effects extend to neighboring countries and beyond, risking destabilization in the wider region. 

正如我们一次一次看到的那样，无论人道主义危机发生在何处，它的影响不只限于境内，不稳定的局势将波及邻国甚至蔓延到更远的地方。

Together with our partner organizations, UNHCR stayed and delivered in Afghanistan throughout the tumult of 2021 to ensure that its people continued to receive critical humanitarian aid. With the deteriorating humanitarian situation, we are increasingly alarmed by the human suffering we are witnessing on the ground, and which may be yet to come. 

在2021年阿富汗冲突期间，联合国难民署同当地的合作伙伴一起，坚守前线，持续援助，确保阿富汗人能够继续得到关键性的人道主义援助。随着人道主义局势不断恶化，我们对在当地目睹到的、以及可能出现的人类苦难感到担忧。

We have, nonetheless, seen glimmers of resilience and hopefulness. An estimated 170,000 internally displaced Afghans have returned home since August 2021, buoyed by the fact that many parts of the country are more secure than they were before. As the international community, we must seize on such opportunities to ensure that the hard-earned gains of the last 20 years do not fall away. 

尽管如此，我们仍从中看到了坚韧和希望的曙光。由于阿富汗的部分地区比之前更加安全，据估计，自2021年8月以来，约17万境内流离失所的阿富汗人受此鼓舞，已经返回家园。国际社会必须抓住时机，确保过去20年来艰难取得的成果不会毁于一旦。

Humanitarian aid alone is not enough; it must be accompanied with development assistance in order to bolster the resilience of the Afghan state and its people. Alongside the efforts of the UN and partners to deliver life-saving aid inside Afghanistan, it is critical to maintain focus on eventual solutions. This means continuing robust investments in basic services such as health, education and livelihoods that will benefit all Afghans – including internally displaced people and returnees – and mitigate further displacement.

要增强阿富汗及其民众的复原力，仅有人道主义援助是不够的，它必须和发展援助同时进行。联合国及其合作伙伴在阿富汗境内努力提供拯救生命的援助，与此同时，密切关注长期的解决方案也同样紧要。这意味着需要继续在健康、教育、生计等基础设施领域开展稳健的投资，造福包括境内流离失所者和返回者在内的所有阿富汗人，并降低进一步流离失所的风险。

The Chinese government, companies and people can play an active role in supporting peace and stability through engagement and trade. China has already provided timely and generous deliveries of vital humanitarian aid, including COVID-19 and other medical supplies, food and emergency winter assistance. 

中国政府、企业和民众在通过交流和贸易支持阿富汗恢复和平及稳定的过程中发挥了重要的作用。我们对中国提供的及时、慷慨、至关重要的人道主义援助表示赞许，包括防疫和其他医疗物资、食物和紧急越冬物资援助等。

UNHCR stands ready to support the Chinese government to ensure that its humanitarian assistance reaches the most vulnerable. As the international community, let us not abandon Afghans in their hour of need, and ensure continued and increased support. 

联合国难民署随时准备支持中国政府，以确保人道主义援助惠及最脆弱的群体。作为国际社会的一份子，让我们不要在阿富汗人最需要我们的时候放弃他们，并确保他们能够得到持续的支持。

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