决策者丨中国贸促会副会长：入世20年，中国是受益者，更是贡献者
编者按：《决策者》是全球决策者分享对国际事务见解的平台。作者陈建安是中国国际贸易促进委员会副会长。作者观点不代表CGTN观点。
Editor's note: Decision Makers is a global platform for decision makers to share their insights on events shaping today's world. Chen Jian'an is Vice Chairman of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade. The article reflects the author's opinions and not necessarily those of CGTN.
今年是中国共产党成立100周年和中国加入世界贸易组织20周年。不久前，中国共产党召开十九届六中全会，全面总结了中国共产党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验。加入世界贸易组织，是中国改革开放和现代化建设进程中的一个重要里程碑。改革开放40多年特别是加入世界贸易组织20年来中国的发展进步，是中国人民在中国共产党坚强领导下埋头苦干、顽强奋斗取得的，也是中国主动加强国际合作、践行互利共赢的结果。站在新的起点上，我们要把握经济全球化发展大势，埋头苦干、勇毅前行，践行真正的多边主义，维护多边贸易体制，支持世界贸易组织改革朝着正确方向发展，为推动经济全球化朝着更加开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢方向发展作出更大贡献。
This year marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the 20th anniversary of China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Not long ago, the CPC convened the sixth plenary session of its 19th Central Committee and comprehensively reviewed the major achievements and historical experience of the Party over the past century. China's accession to the WTO is a milestone in China's reform, opening up and modernization. China's development and progress over the past 40 years of reform and opening up and since its WTO accession 20 years ago are the result of much hard work and great tenacity of the Chinese people under the strong leadership of the CPC. It is also the result of China's proactive steps to strengthen international cooperation and pursue win-win cooperation. At a new starting point, we must stay on top of the prevailing trend of economic globalization, work hard, forge ahead for a better future, practice true multilateralism, safeguard the multilateral trading system, support the WTO reform in moving in the right direction and make greater contribution to an economic globalization that is more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial for all.
入世20年，中国是受益者，更是贡献者
Since its WTO accession 20 years ago, China has both been a beneficiary and contributor
这20年，是中国深化改革、全面开放的20年。加入世界贸易组织后，中国逐步建立起与国际经贸规则体系相衔接的国内经济管理体制，释放出巨大制度红利。我们全面履行入世承诺，对接世界贸易组织规则，中央政府清理法律法规2300多件，地方政府清理19万多件，激发了市场和社会活力；严格恪守规则，积极向世界贸易组织通报1000多份国内法律法规、政策变动情况，执行世界贸易组织争端解决机制作出的所有裁决，接受世界贸易组织8次贸易政策审议；持续开放市场，货物领域关税总水平由15.3%降至7.4%，服务领域开放了近120个部门，均超过加入世界贸易组织时承诺水平。近年来，中国开放的大门越开越大，深入推进自贸试验区和自由贸易港建设，不断缩减外商投资准入负面清单，推动规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放，形成更大范围、更宽领域、更深层次对外开放格局。
The past 20 years have witnessed a China deepening reform and pursuing all-round opening up. Since its WTO accession, China has gradually developed a domestic economic administration system in line with a set of global economic and trade rules, releasing huge dividends from the strength of system. China has fully delivered on its accession commitments and aligned with WTO rules. The central government has reviewed and revised over 2,300 pieces of laws and regulations, and local governments over 190,000 pieces, which all helped unleash market and social vitality. China abides by rules and has actively submitted more than 1,000 notifications of changes in domestic laws, regulations and policies to the WTO. China has complied with all the rulings of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and undergone eight trade policy reviews on itself by the WTO. China continues to open up its markets: the overall tariff rate has been cut from 15.3 percent to 7.4 percent and nearly 120 sectors of the service industry are opened, both exceeding the accession commitment. In recent years, China has opened its door still wider to the world, promoted pilot free trade zones and free trade ports, continued to trim the negative list for foreign investment, promoted institutional opening-up that covers rules, regulations, management and standards, and pursued opening-up in a larger scope, to wider areas and at deeper levels.
这20年，是中国把握机遇、迎接挑战的20年。我们努力化挑战为机遇，积极融入全球分工体系，勇敢地在世界市场的汪洋大海中经风雨、见世面。2001年至2020年，中国经济总量从世界第六位上升到第二位，货物贸易从世界第六位上升到第一位，服务贸易从世界第十一位上升到第二位，利用外资稳居发展中国家首位，对外直接投资从世界第二十六位上升到第一位，大踏步赶上了时代。加入世界贸易组织后，中国在国际组织和多边平台中不断学习规则、熟悉规则、运作规则，已经从国际经贸规则制定的旁观者、跟随者转变成为参与者、引领者。过去我们在国际场合是“听众”或需要“抢着发言”，现在“中国方案”分量越来越重、“中国声音”越来越响。中国已成为全球经济治理体系改革的积极推动者和重要贡献者，在世界舞台影响力、感召力、塑造力越来越大。
The past 20 years have witnessed a China seizing opportunities and rising to challenges. China strives to make opportunities out of challenges, actively integrates itself into the international division of labor, and bravely braces the storm and explores the new world in the vast ocean of the global market. From 2001 to 2020, China's economic size grew from the 6th to the 2nd largest in the world, trade in goods from the 6th to the 1st, and trade in services from the 11th to the 2nd. China has led developing countries in utilized foreign investment, and its outbound direct investment (ODI) has risen from the 26th to the 1st. China has caught up with the times in great strides. Since its accession to the WTO, China has constantly been studying, familiarizing with and applying rules in international organizations and on multilateral platforms. China participates in the formulation of international economic and trade rules instead of sitting idly by and leads instead of follow. In the past, we were in the audience or eager to speak on international occasions, while now China's proposals are gaining growing influence, and China has made its voice heard. China has become an active promoter and important contributor to reforming the system of global economic governance, while its international influence, strength of appeal, and power to shape the environment have also been further enhanced.
这20年，是中国主动担责、造福世界的20年。入世是中国顺应经济全球化发展潮流作出的正确选择，不仅激活了中国发展的澎湃春潮，也激活了世界经济的一池春水。中国已成为120多个国家和地区的主要贸易伙伴，对世界经济增长的平均贡献率连续多年接近30%，成为全球经济持续发展的积极贡献者。共建“一带一路”成为当今世界深受欢迎的国际公共产品和国际合作平台，截至2020年中国与沿线国家贸易额超过9.2万亿美元，在沿线国家直接投资接近1400亿美元。2020年以来，中国克服新冠肺炎疫情影响，为保障全球产业链供应链稳定、推动世界经济复苏作出了重要贡献。我们全力支持国际抗疫合作，与世界贸易组织成员深化沟通协作，向国际社会提供约3500亿只口罩、超过40亿件防护服、超过60亿人份检测试剂、超过16亿剂疫苗，支持豁免疫苗知识产权，以实际行动践行疫苗“全球公共产品”承诺，展现负责任的大国担当。
The past 20 years have witnessed a China stepping up to its responsibilities and benefiting the whole world. China's WTO accession is a right choice following the trend of economic globalization, generating a new wave of domestic development while injecting fresh impetus into the world economy. China has become a key trading partner for more than 120 countries and regions and contributed near 30 percent of world economic growth on average for a number of years, making positive contribution to the sustained growth of the world economy. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has become a well-received international public good and platform for international cooperation in today's world. By 2020, trade between China and BRI partners had exceeded USD9.2 trillion. Direct investment by Chinese companies in countries along the Belt and Road had surpassed USD140 billion. Since 2020, China has overcome the impact of COVID-19 and made important contribution to keeping global industrial and supply chains stable and boosting world economic recovery. China spares no effort to support international cooperation against COVID-19 and enhances communication and coordination with WTO members. China has provided to the international community some 350 billion masks, over four billion protective suits, over six billion testing kits, and over 1.6 billion doses of vaccines. China supports waiving intellectual property rights on vaccines and takes concrete actions to honor the pledge to make vaccines a global public good as a major, responsible country.
世界贸易组织改革势在必行
WTO reform is an urgent necessity
当前，百年变局和世纪疫情交织叠加，世界正处于大发展大变革大调整时期，国际力量对比“东升西降”进一步显现，逆全球化趋势加剧，全球经济治理和国际规则制定主导权之争日趋激烈。新一轮科技革命和产业革命深入发展，世界呈现竞争优势重塑、经贸规则重建、力量格局重构的叠加态势。同时，世界多极化趋势没有根本改变，经济全球化依然是历史潮流，各国谋求开放合作的发展大势没有改变，维护多边主义、加强沟通协作的呼声更加强烈。
In the current global context of significant development, change and adjustment, with the combined forces of changes and a pandemic both unseen in a century, the shift from West to East in the global balance of power has become more evident, the trend of de-globalization has intensified, and the competition for the initiative in global economic governance and international rule-making becomes more intense. A new round of scientific and industrial revolution has deepened and the world faces the combined effects of reshaping competitive advantages, rebuilding economic and trade rules and restructuring the balance of power. That said, there is no fundamental change in the trend toward a multi-polar world; economic globalization is still a historical trend; the prevailing trend for countries to seek openness and cooperation remains unchanged; and the call for upholding multilateralism and enhancing communication and coordination has grown stronger.
以规则为基础、以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制，一直是经济全球化和自由贸易的基石、促进世界经济稳定增长的重要保障。世界贸易组织是世界经济体系的三大支柱之一，其成员贸易总额占全球的98%，对全球贸易投资自由化便利化起着非常关键的作用。近年来，单边主义、保护主义抬头，个别成员违背自由贸易和多边主义大势，滥用单边措施，扰乱国际贸易和市场秩序，多边贸易体制的权威性和有效性受到严重挑战。决策机制失灵、领导力真空、包容性欠缺等深层次矛盾凸显，多哈回合谈判停滞不前、上诉机构停摆，世界贸易组织陷入困境、亟待改革。
The rules-based and WTO-centered multilateral trading system has been the cornerstone of economic globalization and free trade. It is also an important safeguard for promoting the steady growth of the world economy. The WTO is one of the three pillars of the world economic system. As trade among its members now accounts for more than 98 percent of global total, the WTO has played a key role in liberalization and facilitation of global trade and investment. In recent years, as unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise, certain members go against the underlying trend of free trade and multilateralism, abuse unilateral measures, and disrupt international trade and market order, presenting a serious challenge to the authority and effectiveness of the multilateral trading system. The failure of the decision-making process, leadership vacuum, lack of inclusiveness and other underlying problems have become more acute, along with the stalled Doha Round negotiations and the appellate body stalemate. The WTO is facing serious challenges and calls for reform.
尽管面临诸多挑战，世界贸易组织发展前景依然值得期待，世界经济繁荣发展依然需要世界贸易组织。世界贸易组织改革已成为全球经济治理的热点问题，各成员方纷纷就此发布立场、观点和政策。展望未来，世界贸易组织改革需要各成员广泛凝聚共识，聚焦根源问题，加严纪律约束，旗帜鲜明反对单边主义和保护主义，保障自由、非歧视、透明、可预期和稳定的贸易环境，支持多边贸易体制包容性发展。
Despite all the challenges, the WTO is heading towards a promising future. World prosperity and development still need the WTO. The WTO reform has become a hot topic for global economic governance and the members have shared relevant positions, viewpoints and policies. Looking ahead to the future, the WTO reform needs the members to build broad consensus, focus on the root cause, tighten discipline, be resolute in rejecting unilateralism and protectionism, safeguard a free, non-discriminatory, transparent, predictable and stable trade environment, and support the inclusive development of the multilateral trading system.
中国是世界贸易组织改革的积极支持者和参与者
China has been an active supporter to and participant in WTO reform
中国一直以积极、建设性的方式参与世界贸易组织改革，并采取一系列行动。2018年6月，发表《中国与世贸组织》白皮书；2018年11月，发布关于世界贸易组织改革的立场文件，提出三项基本原则、五点主张；2019年5月，向世界贸易组织提交建议文件，就四个重点行动领域和12个具体议题提出改革思路；2019年11月，在上海举办世界贸易组织小型部长会议，习近平主席亲切会见参会部长和代表团团长并集体合影。这些行动都彰显了中国对推动世界贸易组织改革的高度重视和支持。
China has taken an active part in the WTO reform in a constructive manner, with a series of actions. On June 2018, China released the White Paper "China and the World Trade Organization"; on November 2018, China published "China's Position Paper on WTO Reform," proposing three basic principles and five suggestions; on May 2019, China submitted China's Proposal on WTO Reform, putting forward reform ideas on four areas for concrete actions and 12 specific issues; on November 2019, during an Informal WTO Ministerial Meeting held in Shanghai, President Xi Jinping met with the participating ministers and heads of delegations and they took a group photo together. These actions demonstrate that China attaches great importance to and supports the WTO reform.
中国坚定维护真正的多边主义，支持对世界贸易组织进行必要改革，主张改革应循序渐进、先易后难，支持世界贸易组织在国际经济治理中发挥更加积极的作用，提高发展中国家在多边贸易体制中的代表性和发言权；支持世界贸易组织第十二届部长级会议就渔业补贴、国际抗疫合作等议题取得积极成果，支持上诉机构尽快恢复正常运行；愿以积极开放态度参与数字经济、贸易和环境、产业补贴、国有企业等议题谈判，维护多边贸易体制国际规则制定的主渠道地位，维护全球产业链、供应链稳定。中国对符合世界贸易组织原则的区域自由贸易安排，都持开放态度并乐见其成，将同有关各方共同推动区域全面经济伙伴关系协定（RCEP）全面发挥作用，积极推动加入全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定（CPTPP）进程，商签更多高标准自由贸易协定，在全球数字、绿色治理等新兴领域加强合作，为世界经济发展提供更多机遇、注入强劲动力。
China firmly safeguards true multilateralism, supports necessary reforms to the WTO, proposes that the reform should follow a step-by-step approach and tackle easier tasks first, and supports the WTO in playing a more active role in global economic governance and raising the representation and voice of developing countries in the multilateral trading system. China supports positive results at the 12th WTO Ministerial Conference on issues such as fishery subsidies and international cooperation against the pandemic, and the Appellate Body in resuming the normal operation as soon as possible. China will take an active and open attitude in negotiations on issues such as the digital economy, trade and the environment, industrial subsidies and state-owned enterprises, uphold the position of the multilateral trading system as the main channel for international rules-setting, and safeguard the stability of global industrial and supply chains. China is open to and welcomes all regional free trade arrangements that conform to WTO principles. China will work with all relevant parties to give full play to the role of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). China will actively promote the process of joining the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), conclude more high-standard free trade agreements and strengthen cooperation in emerging areas such as global digital and green governance, and provide more opportunities for and inject strong impetus into world economic development.
中国贸促会是中国最大的全国性贸易投资促进机构，参与全球经济治理体系改革是中国贸促会三大业务主线之一。中国贸促会一贯高度重视配合有关部门参与世界贸易组织相关工作，近年来积极围绕世界贸易组织改革建言献策，参与世界贸易组织贸易政策审议，组织中国工商界在各种国际场合就世界贸易组织改革议题表达关切，凝聚更广泛共识。站在新的历史起点上，中国贸促会将立足“两个大局”，心怀“国之大者”，引导组织中国工商界发出支持自由贸易、维护多边主义、推动建设开放型世界经济的响亮声音，充分发挥中国工商界在全球经济治理体系改革、推动世界经济复苏中的作用，为加快构建新发展格局、推动构建人类命运共同体作出更大贡献。
China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) is China's largest national foreign trade and investment promotion agency. Participating in the reform of global economic governance system is one of the three main responsibilities of CCPIT. CCPIT has always attached great importance to coordinating with relevant departments in participating in WTO-related work. In recent years, CCPIT has made active recommendations on the WTO reform, and participated in WTO trade policy reviews. Under its guidance, the Chinese business community has expressed concerns on WTO reform issues on various international occasions, and built broad-based consensus. At this new historical starting point, CCPIT will give full consideration to both domestic and international imperatives, bear in mind the country's most fundamental interests, offer guidance to the Chinese business community on speaking up in support of free trade, safeguarding multilateralism and promoting the building of an open world economy, give full play to the role of the Chinese business community in reforming the system of global economic governance and boosting world economic recovery, and make greater contribution to stepping up efforts to foster a new development paradigm and building a community with a shared future for mankind.