决策者 | 联合国教科文组织与中国：共建普惠性生态文明

Editor's note: Decision Makers is a global platform for decision makers to share their insights on events shaping today's world. Professor Shahbaz Khan is the Director of the UNESCO Office in Beijing and UNESCO Representative to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Japan, Mongolia, People’s Republic of China, and the Republic of Korea. The article reflects the author's opinions and not necessarily the views of CGTN.

编者按：《决策者》是全球决策者分享对国际事务见解的平台。作者夏泽翰是联合国教科文组织北京办事处主任以及该组织驻朝鲜民主主义人民共和国、日本、蒙古、中华人民共和国和韩国代表。作者观点不代表CGTN观点。

"Etiquette and culture are learned after people's granary becomes full. Honor and shame are distinguished when the folks have enough to eat and wear." The words from the ancient Chinese statesman and philosopher, Guan Zhong, living in the Spring and Autumn Period about 2,700 years ago, demonstrate the Chinese philosophical wisdom in discerning the linkage between material abundance and social progress. 

“仓廪实而知礼节，衣食足而知荣辱。”这句话出自中国古代政治家和哲学家管仲。管仲生活在距今2700年前的春秋时期，他的这番话体现出中国人对物质富足和社会进步之间关系的深刻思考。

Since China resumed its rightful place in the United Nations 50 years ago, its economic success has left the world in awe. As the most populous country, China has become the second-largest economy within half a century and accomplished the greatest feat of poverty alleviation in human history. The scale of China's economic prowess has become the most studied subject of scholarly research – factors that lead to China's material wealth are put under the microscope of a myriad of economic metrics and political analysis. Nonetheless, the measurement of China's achievement in social progress, that is, China's "intangible wealth" in education, sciences, culture, communication and information, would require a different set of lenses.

自50年前恢复联合国合法席位起，中国在经济上取得了举世瞩目的成就：这个世界上人口最多的国家在半个世纪的时间里发展成为了世界第二大经济体，取得了人类历史上最伟大的扶贫成就。中国的经济发展成就已经成为学术研究领域最热门的话题。在各种经济指标和政治分析的框架下，那些引领中国物质财富增长的因素被仔细研究。然而，要衡量中国的社会进步，即在教育、科学、文化、交流和信息方面所取得的“非物质财富”，则需要完全不同的视角。

China's contributions to education, sciences and culture

中国的教育、科学及文化贡献

China joined UNESCO on November 4, 1946. The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 was passed on October 25, 1971, recognizing the People's Republic of China as "the only legitimate representative of China to the United Nations." The UNESCO Beijing Cluster Office was established in 1984. The president of the People's Republic of China, Xi Jinping, made the historic visit to UNESCO's headquarters in Paris in March 2014 as the first-ever Chinese head of state to visit the organization. Over the span of a person's lifetime, the precious partnership between UNESCO and China has matured and grown ever stronger. 

1946年11月4日，中国加入联合国教科文组织。1971年10月25日通过的联合国大会第2758号决议承认中华人民共和国政府的代表是中国在联合国组织的唯一合法代表。1984年，联合国教科文组织北京办事处成立。2014年3月，中国国家主席习近平到访位于巴黎的联合国教科文组织总部，成为第一位访问该机构的中国国家元首。在过去的70多年间，联合国教科文组织和中国之间宝贵的合作关系愈发成熟和深厚。

Since the inception of this historic relationship, UNESCO has been closely linked with China's steady and astonishing social progress:

自从双方确立历史性合作关系以来，联合国教科文组织就与中国稳健而飞速的社会发展息息相关：

•In the cultural sphere, China has ratified five UNESCO culture conventions, and has made a remarkable contribution to global cultural safeguarding and development efforts by adding 56 sites to the World Heritage List, 42 elements to the lists and register for Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH), and 14 cities to the UNESCO Creative Cities Network.

在文化领域，中国批准了五个联合国教科文组织文化类公约，拥有世界遗产56处，42个项目被联合国教科文组织列入非物质文化遗产名录（名册），14个城市加入联合国教科文组织创意城市网络，为全球文化传承及发展做出了巨大贡献。

•In the realm of nature and science, China has made eminent contributions in enhancing the harmony between human and nature on a scientific and institutional basis by establishing 34 biosphere reserves in UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) program, 41 UNESCO Global Geoparks and four global water museums. China is also contributing to international science cooperation and networking to enhance institutional capacities and promote knowledge sharing by systematically building a series of science-related Category 2 centers.

在自然和科学领域，中国有34个联合国教科文组织“人与生物圈计划”自然保护地，41处联合国教科文组织“世界地质公园”和4个“全球水博物馆”，从科学和制度方面为促进人与自然和谐共处做出了杰出贡献。为推进科学合作与交流，中国还系统性地建立了一批与科学相关的二类中心，以加强制度能力建设和促进知识共享。

•In the domain of education, China has seven education-related UNESCO chairs. In realizing its commitment to support the implementation of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably to "ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all" (SDG 4) and "make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable" (SDG 11), China has established several institutions which are members of the UNESCO-UNEVOC network that aims to strengthen and upgrade China's Technical and Vocational, Education and Training (TVET) systems and has a group of cities that are members of the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities.

在教育领域，中国有7个教育类联合国教科文组织教席。为支持17个可持续发展目标的实现，特别是目标4“确保包容、公平的优质教育，促进全民享有终身学习机会”和目标11“建设包容、安全、有风险抵御能力和可持续的城市及人类住区”，中国的若干机构加入了联合国教科文组织国际职业技术教育培训中心网络，旨在增强中国的技术和职业教培体系。此外，一些中国城市也加入了联合国教科文组织全球学习型城市网络。

Leaving no one behind

一个都不能少

From UNESCO's perspective, China's intangible social wealth is not simply a display of strength in numbers, namely stacks of eye-catching statistics on governmental brochures and business spreadsheets, but possesses a genuine humanistic concern for the most vulnerable, marginalized and underprivileged members of the society. It resonates with UNESCO's fundamental humanist mission in shaping an inclusive and equitable society that "leaves no one behind."

对于联合国教科文组织来说，中国的非物质社会财富并非只是政府和企业宣传材料中引人注目的一串串数字，而是蕴含着对社会中的脆弱、边缘和弱势群体的人文关怀。这与联合国教科文组织的根本性人文使命相契合，即建立包容、平等的社会，一个都不能少。

Over the past decades, China has made tremendous efforts in promoting the lives and livelihoods of the over 85 million people with disabilities living in the country. Following more than 130 laws and administrative regulations formulated concerning the protection of rights of the disability community in China, over 1,700 cities and counties nationwide have initiated efforts to improve accessibility and remove barriers for persons with disabilities. Just last month, China's first legislation on barrier-free city construction took effect in Shenzhen, once again showing the country's unwavering commitment to promoting the construction of a barrier-free environment for all.  

在过去的几十年中，中国大力改善全国8500万残疾人口的民生福祉。在超过130项保障残疾人权利的法律和行政法规出台后，全国各地超过1700个城市和乡镇采取行动，完善针对残疾人的便利设施。上个月，中国首部无障碍城市建设立法在深圳实施，再次彰显了国家推动全民无障碍环境建设的坚定决心。

In support of China's efforts in carrying forward this endeavor, UNESCO, also in its capacity as Chair of the UN Theme Group on Disability in China, has been working alongside persons with disabilities as well as governmental and non-governmental stakeholders to promote inclusive education, tackle disability-related stigma and discrimination in and through media, and harness technology and innovation for better access to information and knowledge for persons with disabilities.

为支持中国将这一事业继续向前推进，联合国教科文组织作为联合国中国残障主题组主席，一直与残障人士和政府及非政府利益攸关方携手努力，通过媒体推动包容性教育，消除对残疾人的偏见和歧视，并运用技术和创新帮助残障人士更好地获取信息和知识。

On a different note, China has lifted 770 million rural population out of poverty, which accounts for 70 percent of the world's total poverty reduction. In this unprecedented endeavor, more than 7 million persons with disabilities have been lifted out of poverty, around half of which are women. Based on the roadmap of China's 14th Five-Year Plan which pledges to advance rural revitalization, over 2,000 "ICH for Poverty Alleviation Work Stations" established nationwide and over 400,000 people who gained employment were milestone achievements that demonstrate China is right on the highway of realizing the 2030 Agenda with culture as an enabler and driver of sustainable development. This sets a powerful example of a strong government and political leadership fulfilling its commitment to inclusive sustainable development, which pledges to leave no one behind.

中国还使7.7亿农村人口摆脱了绝对贫困，这是全球减贫人口70%。这一史无前例的壮举帮助了700多万残障人士顺利脱贫，其中女性约占一半。中国的第十四个五年规划提出了推进乡村振兴的目标。中国在全国各地设立的超过2000个“非物质文化遗产扶贫工作站”创造了40多万就业岗位。这一里程碑式的成就意味着中国正以文化作为助推器朝着实现《2030年可持续发展议程》所设立的目标稳步前进。这强有力地表明，强大的中国政府和领导集体正为推动包容性可持续发展，实现普惠性的发展目标而不懈努力。

UNESCO and China share the vision of conserving heritage, fostering intercultural dialogue and promoting mutual prosperity. In collaboration with UNESCO, China has been actively providing financial assistance and technical support in heritage conservation and cultural development to other developing countries, especially via the Belt and Road Initiative and the South-South networks. UNESCO will continue to leverage the Chinese knowledge and experience and bring good practices from China to other developing countries as needed.

联合国教科文组织和中国都怀有保护遗产、促进文化间交流和推动共同繁荣的愿景。在与联合国教科文组织的合作中，中国一直积极为其他发展中国家提供遗产保护和文化发展方面的资金和技术支持，特别是通过“一带一路”倡议和南南合作。联合国教科文组织将继续借鉴中国的知识和经验，将中国的良好实践向其他有需要的发展中国家普及。

The road towards eco-civilization

通往生态文明之路

Besides the gentleness of the humanistic touch for the individuals in need from a specific social milieu, China's governance style is also characterized by its long-term vision and grand design that focus on the big picture of the synergy between human society and nature. The notion of "eco-civilization" is the Chinese answer which incorporates environmental, economic, educational, political, agricultural and other societal reforms toward sustainability in a whole-of-system approach. China is a global champion of the concept of "ecological civilization," which was enshrined in its constitution in 2018. Since then, China has been developing this concept in greater depth and at a faster pace, placing ecological civilization on the agenda of its five-in-one national modernization process. UNESCO shares the concept's core mission of enhancing harmony between human society and nature, as well as responding to the public's aspirations for a healthy living environment.

除了向特定社会人群提供人文关怀之外，中国在治理中也关注人类社会与自然间整体协同的长期愿景和大局观。“生态文明”的理念包含环境、经济、教育、政治、农业和其他社会改革，是中国实现可持续发展的总体策略,也是中国在全球范围内积极倡导的理念。自2018年“生态文明”写入宪法以来，中国加强了生态文明实践的力度，并加快步伐，将其纳入国家现代化进程。联合国教科文组织认同该理念的核心要义，即在促进人类社会与自然和谐共存的同时满足民众对健康生活环境的追求。

The 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) was recently held in Kunming, southwest China's Yunnan Province. As a major achievement of the conference, the Kunming Declaration was adopted to ensure the development and implementation of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework to reverse the current loss of biodiversity and secure its recovery by 2030, which will lead to the fruition of the 2050 Vision of "Living in Harmony with Nature." 

今年10月，《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会在中国云南省昆明市召开。作为会议的主要成果，《昆明宣言》承诺制定和实施一个有效的2020年后全球生物多样性框架，以扭转当前生物多样性丧失趋势并确保最迟在2030年使生物多样性走上恢复之路，进而实现“人与自然和谐共生”的2050年愿景。

As the host and the chief protagonist of the conference, China has demonstrated its staunch determination in taking the leadership to promote international cooperation on ecological development and environmental protection. In his speech during the leader's summit of COP15, President Xi Jinping emphasized: 1) The overarching role of the concept of "eco-civilization" as the fulcrum which sustains the balance between human society and nature; 2) The green transformation, that is, a green low-carbon recycling economy as the driving force to help global sustainable development; 3) Focusing on people's welfare to promote social equity and justice, as the guiding principle of all policies and actions; 4) Anchoring on the foundation of international law, maintain a fair and reasonable international governance system that truly manifests multilateralism. Ambition needs to be combined with pragmatism.

作为会议东道主和主要参与方，中国展示出了率先推进生态发展和环境保护国际合作的坚定决心。习主席在大会领导人峰会的发言中强调：1)生态文明理念的首要目标是协调人与自然关系；2）绿色转型，即绿色低碳循环经济是全球可持续发展的驱动力；3）以人民福祉为中心，促进社会公平正义是一切政策和行动的指导方针；4）应建立以国际法为基础，维护公平合理且能够真正践行多边主义的国际治理体系。设立新的环境保护目标应该兼顾雄心和务实。

In this backdrop, China has taken the initiative in contributing 1.5 billion yuan (about $234.6 million) to establish the Kunming Biodiversity Fund to support the cause of biodiversity conservation in developing countries. China is also accelerating the construction of a nature reserve system with national parks as the mainstay of the most important natural ecosystems. In order to fulfill its promise of a green economy, China will release a wide range of national actions in key areas and industries to build up the "1+N" policy system to promote carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality.

在此背景下，中国承诺出资15亿元，成立昆明生物多样性基金，以支持发展中国家的生物多样性保护事业。中国也在加速建设自然保护体系，以国家公园作为自然生态系统的主要构成。为实现绿色经济承诺，中国将在关键领域和产业内实施一系列措施，构建1+N政策体系，推进碳达峰和碳中和的实现。

UNESCO and China share the common vision that putting biodiversity on a path of recovery is a defining challenge of this decade. The implementation of a visionary and game-changing post-2020 global biodiversity framework calls for mutual trust and firm political support which are vital pillars to multilateralism. 

联合国教科文组织和中国都认为，推进生物多样性走上恢复之路是接下来的十年中最关键的议题。落实创建性、颠覆性的2020年后全球生物多样性框架需要相互信任和坚定的政治支持，二者都是多边主义的基石。

Within the framework of the Kunming Declaration, UNESCO is fully committed to cooperating with China to further enhance collaboration and coordinate actions with ongoing multilateral environmental agreements; increase the provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing countries necessary to implement the post-2020 global biodiversity framework; and ensure that post-pandemic recovery policies, programs and plans contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, promoting sustainable and inclusive development.

在《昆明宣言》的框架下，联合国教科文组织将全力与中国开展进一步合作并协调与现有多边环境协议相关的行动；加大对发展中国家的资金、技术和能力建设支持力度，以落实2020年后全球生物多样性框架；确保疫情后的恢复政策、项目和计划有利于生物多样性的保护和可持续利用，以推进可持续和包容性发展。

Contemporary sinologists have always been describing China as a "civilizational state" that is exceptional in its own way. UNESCO, as a knowledge-based organization, fully recognizes and cherishes this precious and unique partnership with China. With the roadmap of our successful cooperation in the past, following the guiding star of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, I'm confident that UNESCO and China will together build a sustainable future and march towards the dawn of an eco-civilization that leaves no one behind. 

当代汉学家一直称中国为有独特优秀品质的“文明之邦”。联合国教科文组织作为知识型机构充分认可和珍惜与中国之间珍贵而特殊的伙伴关系。有我们过去的成功合作经验作为借鉴，再加上2030年可持续发展目标的指引，我坚信联合国教科文组织和中国将共同打造一个可持续发展的未来并携手迎来一个普惠大众的生态文明时代。

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