俄乌冲突满一月 对世界影响几何

俄外交部宣布驱逐美国驻俄外交官

当地时间3月23日，俄罗斯外交部发布公告说，针对美国驱逐俄罗斯常驻纽约联合国代表团外交官以及联合国秘书处一名俄罗斯官员一事，俄外交部23日召见美国驻莫斯科外交使团的高级外交官，向他提交了一份写有将被驱逐的美国外交官名单的照会。但俄外交部公告并未说明将被驱逐的美国外交官人数。

此外，美国方面被告知，美国对俄罗斯的任何敌对行动都将得到强有力的充分回应。

Russia announced on Wednesday that it is expelling U.S. diplomats in a tit-for-tat move.

"On March 23, a note with the list of the American diplomats declared 'persona non grata' was handed to the head of the American diplomatic mission who was summoned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs," the ministry said in a statement.

联合国安理会未通过乌克兰人道问题决议草案  中方呼吁尽最大努力寻求共识

当地时间3月23日，联合国安理会就俄罗斯提出的乌克兰人道问题决议草案进行投票。投票结果为2票赞成，13票弃权，决议未能通过。其中，俄罗斯和中国投了赞成票。

中国常驻联合国代表张军在安理会表决后的解释性发言中说，乌克兰危机爆发后，人道局势持续恶化，外溢影响不断扩大，引发国际社会广泛担忧。安理会已就乌克兰人道问题举行多次讨论，有关平民伤亡增加、难民人数上升、人道救援严重不足的报道令人痛惜。同许多成员一样，中方一直呼吁最大限度避免平民伤亡，尽一切努力保障基本人道需求，同时也一直主张安理会履行好维护国际和平安全的首要责任，在乌克兰人道问题上发挥应有作用。

向上滑动阅览张军解释性发言

张军表示，中方就乌克兰人道局势提出了六点倡议，并向乌克兰红十字会提供多批人道救援物资。我们欢迎其他各方提出的任何有助于缓解和解决乌克兰人道危机的倡议和举措。过去几周，安理会就法国、墨西哥以及俄罗斯各自提出的决议草案进行反复磋商。中方一直积极参与，始终呼吁各方聚焦人道问题，超越政治分歧，尽最大努力寻求共识，为应对当前的人道危机作出积极努力。安理会最后未能达成最广泛的一致，令人遗憾。

张军指出，国际社会普遍希望尽快实现停火，这也是中方的强烈期待。我们认为，在推动停火止战的同时，安理会也应本着积极、务实和建设性态度并行不悖地应对好人道危机。中方对有关决议草案投赞成票，根本出发点是推动国际社会高度重视乌克兰人道局势，呼吁有关当事方就人道问题加强协调，切实保护平民，特别是妇女、儿童等脆弱群体的安全，为人员撤离和人道救援行动提供便利。我们欢迎联合国就人道援助发挥协调作用，支持乌克兰危机协调员工作，鼓励联合国人道协调办公室、联合国难民署等机构，积极开展行动，动员国际社会向所有有需要的人提供无差别的人道救援，帮助乌克兰和周边国家安置难民和流离失所者。联大第46/182号决议确立的人道、中立、公正原则应在人道救援行动中得到严格遵守。

张军强调，中国奉行独立自主的外交政策，一贯从事情本身的是非曲直出发，本着负责任的态度，确定我们对有关问题的立场主张。在乌克兰问题上，中方始终坚持各国主权、领土完整都应得到尊重，联合国宪章宗旨和原则都应得到遵守，各国合理安全关切都应得到重视，一切有利于和平解决危机的努力都应得到支持。

张军表示，乌克兰危机为世界带来严峻挑战，目前的关键是当事方展现政治意愿，尽快通过谈判找到妥善解决办法。国际社会应为和平创造空间，为政治解决留有余地。当务之急要呼吁各方保持最大克制，避免平民伤亡，防止出现更大规模的人道危机。长久之道在于摒弃冷战思维、不搞阵营对抗，逐步构建均衡、有效、可持续的全球和地区安全架构。中方将继续致力于劝和促谈，为和平发声、为和平尽力。

The 15-member United Nations Security Council on Wednesday failed to adopt a Russia-drafted resolution on the humanitarian situation in Ukraine.

Russia and China voted in favor while 13 others abstained. A Security Council resolution needs at least nine votes in favor and no vetoes by its permanent members - Russia, China, Britain, France and the United States - to be adopted.

The draft resolution expressed grave concern about reports of civilian casualties and the deteriorating humanitarian situation in and around Ukraine, including the growing number of internally displaced people and refugees. 

It also calls for the protection of civilians, including humanitarian and medical personnel, respect for international law and the protection of civilian objects and critical infrastructure, safe and unhindered evacuation of all civilians, and unhindered humanitarian access in Ukraine.

Explaining China's position, Chinese Permanent Representative to the UN Zhang Jun said China welcomes any initiative from others that can help alleviate and resolve the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine.

Zhang noted that China has called on all parties to "transcend the political differences" and "do their best to seek consensus" on the humanitarian issue. "It is regrettable that the Security Council was unable to reach the broadest possible agreement in the end," he said.

The diplomat called on the Security Council to deal with the issue in a "positive, pragmatic and constructive" manner.

"China's vote in favor of the draft resolution was based on our call for the international community to attach high importance to the humanitarian situation in Ukraine, and for the parties concerned to strengthen coordination on humanitarian issues, so as to effectively protect the safety of civilians, especially women, children and other vulnerable groups, and to facilitate the personnel evacuation and humanitarian relief operations," he said.

俄乌冲突满一个月

时至今日，俄乌冲突已持续了整整一个月。这场危机何时以及如何结束仍不清楚。

截至目前，俄罗斯和乌克兰已经举行了四轮和平谈判，并举行了两国外长会谈，但都没有取得实质性的突破。因此，人们越来越担心乌克兰的人道主义局势。

与此同时，美国及其盟友一直在升级对俄罗斯的制裁。俄罗斯也采取了一系列反制措施予以回击。

One month into the Russia-Ukraine conflict, it is still unclear when and how this crisis will end.

Fighting has been going on in various parts of Ukraine for weeks, showing little sign of a turning point. Russia and Ukraine have held four rounds of peace talks and a meeting between their foreign ministers, without achieving a decisive breakthrough. And there have been mounting concerns about the humanitarian situation in Ukraine. 

Meanwhile, the United States and its allies have been escalating sanctions against Russia. Moscow has hit back with a series of countermeasures.

俄乌冲突对国际的影响

俄乌紧张局势升级一个月以来，在战事和经济制裁等连锁反应下，俄乌局势变化给各个国家以及许多普通民众的生活也带来了冲击。

俄乌冲突导致的供应不确定性进一步加剧欧洲能源困境，国际石油及天然气价格攀升。

It has been a month since Russia began a "special military operation" in Ukraine. The ripple effects induced by the crisis have spread beyond the countries' borders to the rest of the world.

The two countries have played decisive roles in the global energy market as the region boasts abundant oil and gas. Earlier this month, oil prices spiked to their highest levels since 2008 as the U.S. and European allies banned Russian oil imports, a move that may further disrupt the global supply during the pandemic.

Natural gas prices around the world have soared since late February, breaking all records in Europe in the past few weeks, Russia Today reported citing data from London's ICE exchange.

除了对能源市场的影响，俄乌紧张的局势使两国粮食出口受到不同程度影响，扰乱了全球粮食供应节奏，全球粮食价格短期出现明显波动，不少国家基本食物供应料将受到影响。

据悉，俄罗斯和乌克兰都是主要的粮食供应国。国际谷物理事会的数据显示，在2020/21年度，乌克兰是全球第四大谷物出口国，而俄罗斯排名第三。这两个国家的谷物出口量加起来占全球出口的23%。

3月18日，联合国世界粮食计划署表示，乌克兰的粮食供应链正在崩溃，部分基础设施遭到破坏，许多杂货店和仓库清空。

Apart from the impacts on the energy market, the tension has also created unexpected strains on global food systems.

Both Russia and Ukraine are the leading providers of grains. Ukraine was the world's fourth-largest grain exporter in the 2020/21 season, while Russia ranked third, International Grains Council data shows. The two countries combined accounted for 23 percent of global exports.

However, Ukraine's exports have almost ground to a halt since the start of Russia's operation as ports, including the major hub of Odesa on the Black Sea, were closed. Russia's agricultural products trade has also been hit by the sanctions imposed by Western countries.

"We are sitting on a potential loss of $6 billion," Mykola Gorbachev, chairman of the Ukrainian Grain Association, told Reuters.

The World Food Program said on Friday that food supply chains in Ukraine were collapsing, with key infrastructure such as bridges and trains destroyed and many grocery stores and warehouses empty. The crisis will add further fuel to food inflation.

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