执棒音乐人生，让世界“听见”中国——《大师列传》走近中国首位女指挥家郑小瑛

她是新中国第一位交响乐女指挥家，也是第一位登上国外歌剧院舞台的中国指挥家，由她执棒的中国原创交响诗篇《土楼回响》曾在世界多地数次巡演；她是音乐魅力的传播者，在交响乐、歌剧与百姓间架起桥梁，让更多人感受到音乐之美；她是文艺高峰的攀登者，在艺术的海洋中开拓创新、洋为中用，用音乐讲述中国故事。她，就是中国著名女指挥家郑小瑛。

曾任中央歌剧院首席指挥、中央音乐学院指挥系主任的郑小瑛，获得过中国歌剧事业特别贡献奖、文华指挥奖、“金钟奖”终身成就奖等荣誉，并因直爽炙热的脾性和澎湃激昂的专业精神，被同行称为“穿裙子的卡拉扬”。

She is the first female symphony orchestra conductor of the People's Republic of China, and the first Chinese conductor to take the stage at a foreign opera house. Even at the age of 93, she continues to tell Chinese stories with music.

图：中国著名指挥家郑小瑛

从昔日上海弄堂里长大的小姑娘，到站在东西方音乐交融互鉴的交点、向世界乐坛奏响中国之声的艺海行路人，这位93岁的指挥界泰斗与音乐结缘的故事，还要从她年轻时“弃医从乐”的志向说起。

郑小瑛是位出生于上海的福建客家人。童年时，她曾与抗日“七君子”之中的沈钧儒和史良为邻，在耳濡目染中接受了爱国主义教育。

1947年，郑小瑛考入北京协和医学院。按要求她先在南京金陵女子文理学院读医学预科，同时跟随音乐系老师学钢琴。这期间，郑小瑛接触到进步思想并开始参加爱国学生运动。转年，淮海战役打响。为了革命理想与音乐追求，郑小瑛毅然决定奔赴解放区，成为文工团的一员。

自幼打下的音乐基础让郑小瑛在文工团里表现突出，担任了乐团指挥。几年的文工团生活让郑小瑛感受到了大量来自民间的音乐元素，也令她有了铭记一生的感悟——音乐是人民创造的，音乐家来自普通百姓。

图：郑小瑛幼年时与父母的合影

Born in Shanghai, Zheng Xiaoying began learning to play the piano at six. She initially went to medical school, but finally decided to devote herself to a career in art. Since then, performances and music have become the most important things in her life.

In 1960, she pursued higher studies in opera, symphony and conducting at the National Moscow Conservatory of Music. Two years later, she conducted Giacomo Puccini's opera, Tosca, in Moscow, becoming the first Chinese conductor to have performed in an international opera house.

Zheng always worked towards letting more people appreciate the beauty of music.

图：中国著名指挥家郑小瑛在莫斯科演出

1960年初，郑小瑛被选派到莫斯科国立柴可夫斯基音乐学院学习歌剧和交响乐指挥。两年后，她在苏联国立莫斯科音乐剧院指挥了一场难度极大的意大利歌剧《托斯卡》，成为第一位登上外国歌剧指挥台的中国指挥家。

怀抱着对音乐事业的深切热爱，郑小瑛希望与人民群众一起领略艺术的魅力。为此，她一生致力于古典音乐在中国的普及工作。

图：中国著名指挥家郑小瑛

1979年，歌剧《茶花女》在北京上演，担任指挥的郑小瑛为此做了精心准备。尽管台上表演者全情投入，台下观众却丝毫感受不到歌剧中所蕴含的魅力，嗑着瓜子，高声说笑，似乎把歌剧院当成了戏园子。为了改变当时西方音乐不被中国观众所接受的局面，郑小瑛开始在演出前为观众开展讲座，努力让歌剧贴近大众，让大众走进歌剧。

At first, Chinese audiences could not understand the Western operas and symphonies because of cultural differences. Zheng noticed that the audience could not feel the charm of the opera when she performed the Western classical opera La Traviata in 1979. 

In order to change the situation, Zheng would give a lecture to the audience before the performance to help them understand the cultural background of the Western operas.

图：郑小瑛对观众进行音乐普及讲座

一直以来，郑小瑛将“让世界通过音乐了解中国”视为自己的使命；哪怕在三次身患癌症期间，她也从未放弃过。

2007年，郑小瑛带着中国原创交响乐作品《土楼回响》赴法国、德国、奥地利等地巡回演出，获得极大成功。随后，她又率乐团在二十多个国家成功演出中外歌剧及交响音乐会超过1600场。郑小瑛说：“中国人在世界的音乐宝库也能占有一席之地，我要让世界听见中国。”

In the meantime, Zheng also dedicates herself to conveying the Chinese culture and stories to the world through music. She has conducted around 1,600 Chinese and foreign operas and symphonies in many world-class music halls in more than 20 countries and regions around the world over the past 15 years.

In 2007, Zheng brought "The Echoes of Hakka's Earth Buildings," an original Chinese music piece to tour France, German and Austria, which received a magnificent response from the audience. This is an original piece composed by Liu Yuan about the Hakka people's history and lives.

Zheng herself is from a Hakka family. The ancestors of the Hakka people built the famous Fujian Tulou, also known as the earthen buildings. The houses are built in a circular or square pattern and designed for defense purposes and were added to the UNESCO World Heritage list.

图：郑小瑛“土楼南行”巡演之交响诗篇《土楼回响》海报

“你有心来我有情，不怕山高水又深；山高自有人开路，水深还有造桥人……”《土楼回响》中脍炙人口的客家山歌所描绘的那种敢闯敢拼的精神，正是郑小瑛一生秉持的信念。

图：中国著名指挥家郑小瑛

九十载光景在郑小瑛身上潺潺流过。她扎根人民，向着人类精神世界最深处探寻；她敢闯敢拼、永不言弃，以一颗真挚而执拗的心创造出丰富多彩的中国旋律，让世界“听见”中国。病痛不曾压低她的脊骨，年华只为丰富她的阅历，却不改其眉宇间的潇洒与慨然。在与癌症抗争的二十多年里，这位“90后”的铿锵玫瑰依然活跃在一线舞台上。她曾说：“如果有一天倒在指挥台上，那才是最浪漫的事。”

尽管霜染两鬓，郑小瑛的艺术生命却依旧青春、蓬勃。

In 1997, Zheng was diagnosed with rectal cancer when she was about to perform abroad. She went to the hospital for treatment during the day and gave lectures as scheduled at night. Zheng would even stand on the table and lead a students' chorus during the lecture on a whim. When she had to be admitted to the hospital, all she cared about was whether she could conduct again. "To spend my last seconds on the podium would be the most romantic thing in my life," said Zheng.

Although Zheng is 93 years old now, her life in art has never grown old and will continue to stir the hearts of everyone who has great enthusiasm for music just like her.

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