以诗入画再相传——《诗画中国》邀您共赏画中诗

“浔阳江头夜送客，枫叶荻花秋瑟瑟”，唐代诗人白居易的一首《琵琶行》刻山水景叙人间事，成为诗史上脍炙人口的长篇叙事诗。几百年后，明代画家仇英从《琵琶行》中取材，创作了山水人物画《浔阳琵琶图》，以诗入画，通过细腻的笔触呈现出全景式诗意构图，用细致的笔法、鲜丽明亮的色彩和装饰性的绘画语言，使画面弥漫梦幻诗意。中央广播电视总台大型文化节目《诗画中国》邀请著名演员濮存昕和琵琶演奏家吴玉霞现场带来这首《琵琶行》，并与文化名家一同品味这幅《浔阳琵琶图》，体悟诗味与画境的巧妙融合。

《琵琶行》是中国诗史上杰出的长篇叙事诗。作者白居易在诗中通过优美和谐的语言，将叙事、抒情与刻景巧妙结合，抒发了对自身身世和时代的喟叹。明代画家仇英的《浔阳琵琶图》即取材自白居易《琵琶行》诗意，因诗成画。青绿山水之间，一位艄公撑篙把船定住，船上女子轻弹琵琶。而岸旁老树前，二仆人一人掌灯一人牵骑，正待主人送客归去。画面再现了《琵琶行》描绘出的经典画面，也表达出了“琵琶一声闻肠断”的诗情画意。

嘉宾濮存昕对这幅作品深有感触。他认为，《浔阳琵琶图》并不纯粹是一幅写意画，而是工笔求实。画面中，人物、船、马写实，而植物和山石则写意。这种“实”与“虚”的取舍考量反映出在没有照相术的时代，画家用画笔记录生活、描述生活的细腻考量。

中央美术学院教授于洋则认为，仇英的这幅《浔阳琵琶图》以《琵琶行》的诗意呈现出一个全景式的诗意构图。赏画者能够看到青绿山水的色彩之通透、线条之轻盈，而作画者则以一种起承转合的方式呈现出一种有节奏的、有韵致的山水形象，同时再现原诗中对世事的感叹。

图：仇英作品《浔阳琵琶图》（局部）

仇英是“明四家”之一，跟随吴门的文徵明、周臣学习过绘画，后世称他为“明代青绿山水第一人”“明代人物故事画第一人”“仕女画第一人” 。到明代中后期，他的画名远传，题材贴近生活，雅俗共赏。虽俊逸优雅、“士气”十足，却少有一般文人画家笔下那种冷寂空疏的情调，而是流溢出清新明丽的气氛。《浔阳琵琶图》是他的代表作《人物故事图册》其中的一开，结合了青绿山水的细腻秀雅、人物神情表现的流畅、衣纹描绘的精准。仇英对于布景的安排和构图的巧思，都融汇在了这幅画作中。

图：濮存昕与吴玉霞共同带来《琵琶行》配乐朗诵

从《琵琶行》中“轻拢慢捻抹复挑，初为霓裳后六幺”的听觉之感，到《浔阳琵琶图》栩栩如生的画面，再到如今濮存昕与吴玉霞的朗诵与演奏，艺术价值在一代代艺术创作者之间以不同的形式传递，而一代代中国人也正用自己的力量为这一巨大的文化宝库做着贡献。

"Pipa Xing," a poem written by Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), is an outstanding narrative that has earned its place in the history of Chinese poetry. Hundreds of years after its creation, Qiu Ying of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) used the poem as an inspiration to create a masterpiece of landscape painting, "Pipa Song at Xunyang." Qiu transformed the poem into a panoramic image with meticulous brushwork and vibrant colors, suffusing it with a dreamlike atmosphere. 

Produced by China Media Group (CMG), cultural program "China in Poetry and Painting" invited acclaimed thespian Pu Cunxin and skilled pipa player Wu Yuxia to help reanimate this classic painting and enthrall modern audiences by presenting it in a new light.

In "Pipa Xing," Bai skillfully combined a sense of narrative, lyricism and scenic beauty, expressing sorrow for the tribulations of his life and the challenges of his time. It is this atmosphere or the soul of the poem that the painting "Pipa Song at Xunyang" reflects. Amid the mountains and rivers, a boatman is shown steadying his vessel and keeping it in place, while a woman onboard plays the pipa. 

In front of some old trees on the river bank, two servants, one holding a lamp and the other leading a horse, await their master to send their guests back. The picture recreates the classic image depicted in "Pipa Xing," while also expressing the poetic sentiment of the phrase "the sound of pipa breaks people's hearts."

According to Pu, the painting is not just an exemplary display of freehand brushwork, but rather an innovative work of art striving for realism. 

In the picture, the figures, boat and horses are drawn with great verisimilitude, while the plants and rocks are depicted in a more imaginative style. This combination of styles reflects the painter's desire to record life accurately before the advent of photography while still adhering to the artistic fashions of the times.

According to Yu Yang, a professor at the Central Academy of Fine Arts, "Pipa Song at Xunyang" presents a panoramic view of the poetic sense expressed in "Pipa Xing." The translucent colors and scenery cast the landscape in such a way that recreates the original poem's lamentation of life.

Qiu was among the "Four Renowned Artists of the Ming Dynasty." His subjects are all firmly rooted in real life, elegant and embody a scholarly style. His works seldom express cold or bleak moods, as was the fashion at the time among literati painters; rather, they convey a bright and uplifting atmosphere. 

"Pipa Song at Xunyang" ranks highly among Qui's collection of paintings known as "Stories," all famous for their delicate landscapes, fluid figures and accurately drawn clothing. Qiu's arresting arrangement of the scenery and clever compositions are particularly well put together in this painting.

From the soulful prose and musicality of "Pipa Xing" to the hauntingly beautiful scenes rendered in "Pipa Song at Xunyang," not to mention the collaborative efforts of these two highly acclaimed artists on a contemporary stage, the artistic values of yore are given a new lease of life by fresh generations of artists, inspiring more Chinese talents to contribute to this cultural treasure trove.

推荐阅读：