茗香沁心扉，茶韵意悠长——《诗画中国》邀您品茶之意趣
中国人爱茶，不止为品尝其清香味道，更为追求修身养性的生活情趣。明代的文人墨客崇尚儒雅，常以茶会友，以茶入画，引茶入诗，“茶”成为彼时的经典创作元素。在明代画家文徵明所绘的《林榭煎茶图》中，风和日丽，春光正好，煎茶会友，其乐融融，尽显明代文人草堂品茗的恬淡生活情趣。中央广播电视总台大型文化节目《诗画中国》邀请著名演员赵雅芝和福建省非遗“茶百戏”传承人章志峰，现场带来精湛的茶艺表演，并与文化学者康震、范迪安一同品味这幅《林榭煎茶图》，体悟寄情于自然山水的文人心境。
For over 4,000 years, drinking tea has been a part of daily life for many Chinese people. The tea-drinking process is believed to be a form of spiritual enjoyment, an art, a means of cultivating moral character, and a way of nourishing the mind. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), the literati became enthusiastic tea drinkers as they worked on their art. Tea served as a common element in poetry, calligraphy and painting at that time. The literati artist Wen Zhengming (1470-1559) even incorporated tea into his painting "Brewing Tea in a Forest Pavilion." This portrays the literati's leisurely life of gathering in the forest and drinking tea on a sunny and breezy day. The host waits for his guest to enjoy some tea in a pavilion. The whole picture is elegant and intriguing, showing the literati's cultivated mind and coveted lifestyle. Produced by China Media Group, the cultural program "China in Poetry and Painting" invited Hong Kong actress Angie Chiu and Zhang Zhifeng, an inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage in Fujian Province, to perform some tea-making techniques. Demonstrating the ancient art form chabaixi, which literally translates as "a hundred tricks with tea," serves as a reminder of how tea-making has been a tradition cherished for thousands of years.
《林榭煎茶图》出自明代画家文徵明之手，现收藏于天津博物馆。画面中，山峰兀立，一汪清澈湖水置于当中，隔岸几间茅屋，另有杂树环绕掩映，主人坐于屋内凭窗远眺，有一童子在屋外专心烹茶，对岸一友人拄杖沿湖边小径而来。煎茶会友，其乐融融，一派春和景明的江南风光展现在观众眼前。画中，文徵明并不直接描绘饮茶，而是通过童子煮茶等活动来暗示饮茶的发生，将观众的注意力转向茶事的意境和氛围。
Now housed at the Tianjin Museum, "Brewing Tea in a Forest Pavilion" was drawn by the famous literati painter Wen Zhengming during the Ming Dynasty. Amid a panoramic view of hills, forests and lakes, the host is depicted sitting in a pavilion surrounded by trees, looking out onto the landscape, while his manservant brews tea in front of the stove on a porch. On the other side of the lake, a guest ambles along the road toward the pavilion. With clement weather and a peaceful environment, it seems an impeccable setting in which to drink tea. Instead of directly depicting the scene of people enjoying tea, Wen uses details like the manservant's behavior to imply it is almost time to begin the ceremony, immersing viewers in an atmosphere of tea-drinking.
《林榭煎茶图》的构图起伏跌宕、疏密相间，松竹杂树穿插有致，茅屋、竹篱的勾勒线条细腻坚挺。人物刻画虽只数笔，却神态可喜。整个画面清新、素雅、明亮、幽静，渲染出一种闲适的生活之美。
这种闲适惬意、文雅清幽的园居生活，与其说是江南文人真实生活的写照，倒不如说是文徵明追求的理想化状态。明代文人借茶事放松身心，陶冶性情。在物境、艺境、人境之后，追求的是心境。类似的园林山水图在文徵明作品中还有很多，正反映出他对茶的钟爱之情。
To elaborate on the spectacular landscape in "Brewing Tea in a Forest Pavilion," Wen carefully designed the composition by scattering various elements around the picture. Trees and vegetation are asymmetrically woven throughout the mountain. Without much embellishment, the pavilion and the fences are rendered with precise brushstrokes. Although the characters are not prominent in the painting, their features are vividly portrayed. The whole image is bright and intriguing, showing the elegance of life at that time.
However, the painting is not a realistic work aiming for verisimilitude. Literati painters like Wen painted to express their ideas, emotions, and perceptions rather than exactly what they saw. They were more interested in conveying the release of stress and nourishment of the mind associated with the process of enjoying tea, striving to represent a more spiritual realm. Paintings like this abound in Wen's creative output, showing his affection for the rituals associated with – and the pleasure taken in – consuming tea.
古人在花间野外、清轩幽亭，体悟茶道玄思。如今，茶道又与不同的文化符号相互碰撞，焕发出新的光彩。在《诗画中国》的舞台上，演员赵雅芝与非遗传承人章志峰结合茶艺、朗诵与民乐伴奏，带领观众一同感受品茶的悠闲意趣。
Known as cha dao, the tea-making process involves the ceremonial preparation and presentation of the beverage. It has held great cultural significance in China since ancient times. On the stage of "China in Poetry and Painting," these techniques are artfully rendered through a performance by Angie Chiu and Zhang Zhifeng. They present tea-making techniques with poetry reading and folk music, allowing audiences to experience and appreciate the aesthetics of tea-making.
福建省非物质文化遗产“茶百戏”是一种用清水在茶汤中幻变出图案的艺术形式，因为与水墨画有异曲同工之妙，也得名“水丹青”。章志峰以茶匙为笔，以清水为墨，以茶汤为纸，用精湛的“茶百戏”绘出一幅《林榭煎茶图》，把文徵明心中的山水草木泼在画里，也点在茶中。
Chabaixi uses a special method to create a pattern on the surface of some boiled tea by injecting water. Despite being added to Fujian's intangible cultural heritage items in 2017, this ancient art has only been mastered by a small group of tea enthusiasts. Using a spoon, Zhang draws on the tea broth to form unique patterns such as mountains, lakes, trees and so forth, which are almost as intricate and delicate as in the masterpiece "Brewing Tea in a Forest Pavilion."
中国被称为茶的故乡，不仅因为这片土地孕育出了世界上最早的茶树，更因为中国人把茶视为沟通感情、与天地往来的生命之桥。煎茶、点茶、泡茶，万般滋味化作一盏清茶，使人们在茶汤中感悟生命的真谛。
China was the first country in the world to plant tea and ranks as the original homeland of tea culture. Tea-drinking has also become a part of life for Chinese people. They use it to console themselves and meditate on what really matters in life. Traditionally, tea embodies Chinese people's attitude toward nature and their inner selves, a culture still keenly felt today.
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