决策者｜推动“一带一路”倡议和“全球海洋支点”构想深入对接

Editor's note: Decision Makers is a global platform for decision makers to share their insights on events shaping today's world. Djauhari Oratmangun is Indonesian Ambassador to the People's Republic of China and Mongolia. The article reflects the author's views and not necessarily those of CGTN.

编者按：决策者是一个全球平台，供决策者分享他们对影响当今世界之事件的见解。周浩黎（Djauhari Oratmangun）是印度尼西亚驻华大使。本文仅代表作者的观点，并不代表本台观点。

One Chinese proverb says "if you want to be wealthy, build a road first." And in China I have myself witnessed that the saying is accurate. The China I knew 30 years ago and the China I see today are like two different worlds. One cannot deny that the infrastructure growth in China has given a boost to the economy and livelihood of its people. Ten years ago China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) – the massive development and investment projects to interconnect China with the global market. Now China has signed Belt and Road cooperation agreements with 151 countries and 32 international organizations.

中国有句老话：“要想富，先修路。”我亲眼见证了中国的发展变迁，因此深知这句古谚的现实意义。今日之中国与三十年前不可同日而语，基础设施的发展推动了中国经济的蓬勃发展，并极大地改善了人民的生活。中国在十年前提出“一带一路”倡议，以期实现中国与全球市场的互联互通。如今，中国已与151个国家和32个国际组织签署共建“一带一路”合作文件。

Indonesia is one of the two countries where Chinese President Xi Jinping first introduced the BRI to the world in the autumn of 2013 (Editor's note: Xi proposed to build the "Silk Road Economic Belt" in Kazakhstan in September, and the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" in Indonesia in October). With more than 13,000 islands, 270 million people and a geographically strategic position, the Indonesian government has a vision to connect and integrate the islands spread across the country. In 2014, Indonesian President Joko Widodo already put the vision as the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF). The GMF serves as the Indonesian policy to enhance the maritime infrastructure and connectivity and build the country's identity as a maritime nation.

2013年秋，中国国家主席习近平首次向全世界提出“一带一路”倡议，印度尼西亚恰好就是这项倡议提出地的两个国家之一（编者注：9月，习近平主席在哈萨克斯坦提出建设“丝绸之路经济带”；10月，在印尼提出共同建设“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的倡议）。印尼拥有13000多个岛屿，2.7亿人口，位处全球战略区域。印尼政府希望将散落在全国各地的岛屿连接和整合起来，为此，2014年，印尼总统佐科·维多多提出了“全球海洋支点”（GMF）战略。“全球海洋支点”作为印尼的国家战略，旨在加强本国海洋基础设施及其连通性，重塑印尼的海洋大国身份。

Here, both the BRI and the GMF profoundly share one important key word: connectivity. Therefore, in October 2018, Indonesia and China committed to synergizing the mutual complementary strengths of the GMF and the BRI. The cooperation scope extends from the policy, infrastructure connectivity, trade and investment, industrial cooperation, to people-to-people exchanges.

“一带一路”倡议和“全球海洋支点”构想都包含一个重要关键词：互联互通。2018年10月，印尼和中国承诺协同发挥“全球海洋支点”和“一带一路”的互补优势，合作范围涵盖政策和基础设施的互联互通、贸易和投资、产业合作，以及民间交流。

One of the flagship projects under the BRI-GMF synergy is the Jakarta – Bandung High-Speed Railway (HSR). This HSR will reduce the commute time between the two cities to 40 minutes and is the first one in Southeast Asia. We expect the train could be launched within this year. The synergy also covers the cooperation outside Java Island. 

雅万高铁是“一带一路”与“全球海洋枢纽”对接合作的旗舰项目之一，这条高铁将把两座城市之间的通勤时间缩短至40分钟，成为东南亚地区的首条高速铁路。我们预计雅万高铁将于今年建成通车。当然，双方的对接协作并不局限于爪哇岛内部。

A comprehensive inspection train running on the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway trial section to conduct inspection in Bandung, Indonesia, November 8, 2022. /Xinhua

Under the Regional Comprehensive Economic Corridor, both China and Indonesia have planned to develop four economic corridors, namely, North Sumatra as economic and business hub, North Kalimantan as energy and mineral hub, North Sulawesi as Pacific Rim and economic hub, and Bali as regional technology and innovation hub. Besides these four economic corridors, the synergy has also created cooperation for the development of the project "Two Countries, Twin Parks," waste management, power plant, sea port, 5G technology, special economic zone, medical technology, and renewable energy.

根据“区域综合经济走廊”规划，中国和印尼计划开发四条经济走廊，分别是北苏门答腊作为经济和商业中心，北加里曼丹作为能源和矿产中心，北苏拉威西作为环太平洋经济中心，以及巴厘岛作为区域高科技与创新经济中心。除了这四条经济走廊外，双方还将共同推动“两国双园”项目，以及废物管理、电厂、港口、5G技术、经济特区、医疗科技和可再生能源等领域的合作。

If we want to know the actual impact of the synergy of the BRI and the GMF, we can also look at the numbers and compare them. Based on the data from China's Ministry of Commerce and China’s Foreign Ministry, the two-way trade between China and Indonesia in 2013 reached about $52.45 billion, and last year it already amounted to $149.1 billion, a substantial increase of 184 percent. 

若想了解“一带一路”和“全球海洋支点”对接合作的实际影响，可着眼于相关数据并作比较。根据中国商务部和外交部的数据，2013年两国双边贸易额约为524.5亿美元，而去年已达1491亿美元，涨幅高达184%。

As for the investment sector, in 2013 China ranked the 12th among Indonesia's foreign investors with the investment realization equaled to nearly $297 million and 411 projects. By 2022, China has become our second largest foreign investor with 2,117 projects and total investment of $8.2 billion, which is almost 28-fold more than it was 10 years ago.

在投资领域，2013年，中国是印尼的第12大外国投资者，投资总额约为2.97亿美元，涉及411个项目。到2022年，中国已成为印尼的第二大外来投资国，总投资额达82亿美元，共涉及2117个项目，总投资额较10年前增长约28倍。

Such is the advantage from the synergy of the GMF and the BRI that last year both governments already renewed the MOU on cooperation on the GMF and the BRI, and formulated a Plan of Action for Strengthening the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Indonesia (2022-2026), to promote their cooperation under the synergy of the two projects.

由此可见，“一带一路”和“全球海洋支点”的对接合作能带来颇多优势，去年两国政府续签了“一带一路”与“全球海洋支点”构想合作谅解备忘录，并制定《中印尼加强全面战略伙伴关系行动计划（2022－2026）》，进一步推动二者的对接合作。

In a bigger perspective, ASEAN and China have already synergized the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity (MPAC) 2025 and the BRI in November 2019. This would allow China and ASEAN to work closer and contribute more towards the global connectivity and sustainable development in the region.

为了拓宽合作格局，东盟与中国于2019年11月就“一带一路”倡议与《东盟互联互通总体规划2025》对接达成一致。这将使中国和东盟更加紧密地合作，为该地区与全球互联互通和可持续发展做出更大的贡献。

As Indonesia assumes the chairmanship of ASEAN this year under the theme of "ASEAN Matters: Epicentrum of Growth," it would like to unleash the potential of ASEAN as the engine of growth of the Asia-Pacific region. In order to realize that potential, Indonesia will hold a flagship event named the ASEAN Indo-Pacific Infrastructure Forum towards the ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific (AIPIF) from September 6 to 7, 2023.

今年，印尼担任东盟轮值主席国，确定以“东盟各问题：增长的焦点”为主题，希望释放东盟潜能，拉动亚太地区经济增长。为了释放这种潜能，印尼将于2023年9月6日至7日举办旗舰活动“东盟印太基础设施合作论坛”，以此推进“东盟印太展望”。

The AIPIF will have the theme of Propelling the Next Wave of Sustainable Infrastructure. It could complement the synergies between the GMF and the BRI as the AIPIF will also focus on the infrastructure projects including green infrastructure, digital transformation, and production hub and supply chain. This event will showcase the best physical infrastructure projects in need of financing and facilitate the stakeholders in delivering commitments and deals for investment in the infrastructure projects.

该论坛将以“推动可持续基础设施新一轮建设浪潮”为主题，在“全球海洋支点”与“一带一路”倡议对接合作的基础上更进一步，关注可持续基础设施项目，比如绿色基础设施、数字化转型、生产中心和供应链建设。本次活动将展示需要融资的最佳实体基础设施项目，并促进各利益相关方承诺和达成有关基础设施项目投资的协议和交易。

At the end of the day, I believe that we could go even beyond than what we have today. Synergizing the BRI and the GMF indeed brings mutual benefits to our two countries. For China, the synergy opens more development and accelerates the economy. The same thing goes for Indonesia. The improvement in infrastructure can elevate Indonesia's competitiveness and economic growth. With Indonesia being the chairman of ASEAN, I do hope more Chinese stakeholders could take part in the AIPIF.

总而言之，我相信中国印尼两国合作能够百尺竿头更进一步。深入对接“一带一路”和“全球海洋支点”确实有助于两国实现互惠互利。对于中国来说，这种对接合作为其打开了更多的发展渠道并加速了经济发展。对于印尼来说也是一样。基础设施的改善可以提高印尼的竞争力和经济增长速度。在印尼担任东盟轮值主席国期间，我真诚希望更多的中国利益相关方能够出席东盟印太基础设施合作论坛。

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