观察家｜解读三大全球倡议：全球安全倡议

I'm Robert Lawrence Kuhn and here's what I'm watching: China's Global Security Initiative, GSI, which China says adapts to profound international changes by addressing traditional and non-traditional security risks and challenges with a win-win mindset — and by creating a new path to security that features dialogue over confrontation, partnership over alliance, and win-win results over zero-sum games. Anyone remotely sentient will read the implied contrast with American policy.

我是罗伯特·劳伦斯·库恩，以下是我正在关注的：中国提出全球安全倡议，指出要适应深刻调整的国际格局，以共赢思维应对各种传统安全和非传统安全风险与挑战，走出一条新安全之路。坚持对话而不对抗，结伴而不结盟，共赢而非零和。任何略有感知的人都能看出这一倡议与美国政策所形成的反差。

Applications of the GSI, according to China, include the China-facilitated agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia, longtime antagonists, to restore diplomatic relations, and China's 12-point position paper on resolving the Russia-Ukraine war. The former is praised almost universally; the latter remains controversial, perceived, at least in Europe, as tilting toward Russia.

中国指出全球安全倡议的实践包括：在中国斡旋下，宿敌伊朗和沙特实现历史性和解，以及包括12点内容的《关于政治解决乌克兰危机的中国立场》文件。沙伊和解得到了全球的一致赞誉，12点立场存有些许争议（至少一些欧洲国家认为其倾向于俄罗斯）。

The GSI, China says, is an international public good, reflecting China's increasing awareness of its duty to help maintain world peace and to safeguard global security. As a top-of-mind example, China says it is committed to handling disputes over territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests through negotiation and consultation. (To be balanced, some foreign analysts say China prefers to negotiate such contentious matters bilaterally, one on one, not under multilateral rules or in multilateral forums — yet China does engage with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, ASEAN.)

中国指出，全球安全倡议是国际公共产品，展现了中国日益认识到自身对维护世界和平与守护全球安全的责任。首先可以想到的实例是中国表示坚持通过谈判协商方式处理（同有关国家的）领土主权和海洋权益争端。（客观起见，一些国外分析师称中国更倾向于采取一对一的双边方式，对这些有争议的问题进行谈判，而没有采用多边规则或多边论坛方式，但中国确实和东盟展开多边协商。）

Exemplifying the GSI, China is the second largest contributor to the UN regular budget and peacekeeping assessment. China has dispatched more than 100 naval vessels in 45 task forces to waters off the coast of Somalia to provide escort for over 7,000 Chinese and foreign ships. China says it is committed to fulfilling its role as a responsible major country, pushing to resolve international and regional flash points. 

全球安全倡议已付诸实践，中国是联合国第二大会费国和维和行动出资国。中方累计派出100余艘舰艇，分45批次在（亚丁湾）索马里海域为7000余艘中外船只护航。中国表示，将始终致力于发挥负责任大国的作用，推动解决国际和地区热点问题。

The six GSI resolute commitments: ensuring comprehensive and sustainable security; abiding by the UN Charter, rejecting Cold War mentality, opposing unilateralism, and saying no to bloc politics and camp-based confrontation (with not-so-veiled implications vis-à-vis the U.S.); taking the legitimate security concerns of all countries seriously and upholding the principle of indivisible security (with not-so-veiled implications for Russia-Ukraine); effective, sustainable security architecture; peacefully resolving differences and disputes through dialogue and consultation, and opposing the arbitrary use of unilateral sanctions and long-arm jurisdiction (another U.S. allusion); security in both traditional and non-traditional domains, such as terrorism, climate change, cybersecurity, and biosecurity.

全球安全倡议有六项主张：坚持综合、可持续的安全观；坚持遵守联合国宪章，摒弃冷战思维，反对单边主义，坚决抵制集团政治和阵营对抗（这里不难看出对美国的影射）；重视各国合理安全关切，秉持安全不可分割原则（这里不难看出对俄乌问题的影射）；构建有效，可持续的安全架构，通过对话协商解决分歧和争端，并且反对滥用单边制裁和“长臂管辖”（再次影射美国）；统筹维护传统领域和非传统领域安全，共同应对恐怖主义、气候变化、网络安全和生物安全等问题。

That's five of the six — the one I left out is most important: respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries; upholding non-interference in others' internal affairs; and respecting the independent choices of development paths and social systems made by people in different countries. 

以上是六大原则中的五项，我认为剩下的一项尤为重要，即尊重各国主权、领土完整、不干涉别国内政以及尊重各国人民自主选择发展道路和社会制度。

I could write several commentaries on each of those phrases. To some foreign analysts, the GSI is a manifesto for an alternative system of international affairs to the current "rules based" order led by the U.S. and its partners in Europe and the Indo-Pacific. For one, the GSI adopts  Russia's concept of "indivisible security," which to China means "taking the legitimate security concerns of all countries seriously,"tacitly blaming U.S.-led NATO for Russia's "invasion" of Ukraine.

针对以上每一个短语，我都能写出数篇评论文章。在一些国外分析师看来，全球安全倡议是一个新宣言，与美国及其盟友现在在欧洲和印太地区主导的“基于规则”的国际秩序并不相同。有人认为全球安全倡议采纳了俄罗斯提出的“安全不可分割”理念。对于中国来说，这意味着要“重视各国合理安全关切”，委婉谴责以美国为首的北约要对俄罗斯“入侵”乌克兰负有责任。

Though many GSI elements are not new, the GSI forms a coherent whole and emerges as China's grand vision of a new world order for global governance‚ which would, over time, enhance Chinese influence and diminish America's.

虽然全球安全倡议中的很多内容并不新颖，但其构成了有机整体，并且成为中国构建全球治理新格局的宏大愿景。由此，随着时间的推移，中国的影响力将不断提升，而美国的影响力将会减弱。

The world is watching. So am I. I'm Robert Lawrence Kuhn.

世界都在关注，我也不例外。我是罗伯特·劳伦斯·库恩。

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