抑郁,是大脑在告诉我们「快逃」
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身处逆境时,抑郁甚至可能在帮你
1.抑郁帮我们从逆境中活下来
作为一个抑郁症患者,Laura 坚信是抑郁症挽救了她的生命。
2.抑郁帮我们表达需求 / 解决冲突
虽然有些抑郁的发作没有特殊事件,但重度抑郁症和自杀往往是由社会冲突引起的,例如婚姻冲突、工作冲突以及性侵犯。
通常来说,我们会用悲伤的表情和哭泣来表达需求,这是一种低成本信号,但面对严重冲突的时候,它们就没用了。因为忽视和不被相信,有时候,抑郁、自残和非致命的自杀行为在某种程度上成了昂贵的、可信的需求信号。
Syme, K. L.等人在 2016 的一项研究中编码了所有自杀实例。他们发现:自杀普遍与社会冲突、无能为力和对受害者健康的威胁有关。如果受害者幸存下来,通常会获得重要的好处,例如针对施虐者的社会压力或避免不想要的婚姻。
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当抑郁可以被解释和理解,羞耻感才会消除
参考文献
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Kristen L. Syme,Edward H. Hagen,Mental health is biological health: Why tackling “diseases of the mind” is an imperative for biological anthropology in the 21st century,Supplement: Yearbook of Physical Anthropology , May 2020, 87-117 , DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23965
Johann Hari Ted演讲:This could be why you are depressed or anxious
Hagen, E. H., & Barrett, H. C. Perinatal sadness among Shuar women: Support for an evolutionary theory of psychic pain, Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 2007, 22–40.
Theorell, T., Hammarström, A., Aronsson, G., Träskman Bendz, L., Grape, T., Hogstedt, C., … Hall, C. A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and depressive symptoms. BMC Public Health, 2015
lison Escalante M.D, We’ve Got Depression All Wrong. It’s Trying to Save Us.December 22, 2020, Psychology Today
Syme, K. L., Garfield, Z. H., & Hagen, E. H. Testing the bargaining vs. inclusive fitness models of suicidal behavior against the ethnographic record. Evolution and Human Behavior, (2016 ). 37, 179–192.
British Psychological Society. (2020). Understanding depression.
Felitti, V.J., Anda, R.F., Nordenberg, D. et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine,1998, 14(4), 245–258.
Pescosolido, B. A., Martin, J. K., Long, J. S., Medina, T. R., Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G. “A disease like any other”? A decade of change in public reactions to schizophrenia, depression, and alcohol dependence. American Journal of Psychiatry, (2010). 167, 1321–1330.
Larkings, J. S., & Brown, P. M. Do biogenetic causal beliefs reduce mental illness stigma in people with mental illness and in mental health professionals? A systematic review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing,(2018). 27, 928–941.
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