英语里还有这么多委婉语,快长点心吧,说话别太直了
含蓄的东方人总觉得西方人都粗线条,实际上歪果仁也是比较容易玻璃心的……
所以,说英语的时候可别太直爽,碰到敏感的(sensitive)、私人的(personal)、禁忌的(taboo)话题,还是要讲究点技巧的。
今天双语君就来跟大家说说英语里的常见委婉语(euphemism ['ju:fimizəm])。
身体机能是文雅人士需避免的话题。(Bodily functions are "taboo" in polite company.)
▌restroom
▷Can I use the restroom?
我可以用下洗手间吗?
▷Where can I wash my hands?
哪儿有洗手间?
▌public conveniences
▷Are there any public conveniences nearby?
附近可有公共卫生间?
▌ladies / gents
▷The ladies and gents are down the corridor on your right.
女士和男士卫生间就在你右手边的走廊里。
还有一些幽默表达:
▌the smallest room of the house
房子里最小的一间屋,这种诙谐说法于20世纪30年代出现在英文里,现在已经有些过时,较少被使用。
▷I'd like to pay a visit to the smallest room of the house.
我要去参观一下厕所。
▌powder my nose
女士用补妆来委婉表达上厕所,当然爱开玩笑的男士也可以这么说。
▷Where can I powder my nose?
我上哪儿能补个粉?
▌see a man about a dog
这种说法原始意思是指为赛马或者赛狗下注,后来通常作为离开或缺席的借口。原因通常是去上厕所,或者买酒。
▷He's gone to see a man about a dog.
他去方便了。
▌between jobs
在前一个和后一个工作之间,也就是待业啦。
▷Interviewer: Tell me about your current position.
面试官:请告诉我你目前的职位。
▷Job candidate: I'm between jobs right now.
求职者:我目前暂时待业。
▌a resting actor
这种说法多指演员。
▷Harry's a resting actor.
哈利是个待业演员。
▌expect
即期待婴儿出生。
▷His wife is expecting.
他妻子怀孕了。
▷She is expecting in March.
她预产期是三月。
▌have a bun in the oven
烤箱里有面包了。英式英语,诙谐用法。
▷Have you heard that Katy has a bun in the oven?
你听说没,Katy有啦?
▌in the family way
这是比较老式的说法(old-fashioned)。
▷Have you heard that Jean's in the family way?
你听说没,Jean怀上啦?
▷They plan to get married now that he's put her in the family way.
他弄大了她的肚子,俩人只好结婚。
▌tired and emotional
这是一种较为礼貌和幽默的方式表示某人喝醉了。
▷You must excuse me, I'm a bit tired and emotional just now. I think I'd best be going home.
请原谅我,我眼下醉意朦胧,最好还是回家吧。
▌have a bit too much to drink
也就是喝多了。
▷He had a bit too much to drink last night.
他昨晚喝多了。
▌to be a bit worse for wear
The worse for wear是指衣服穿久,破烂不堪的样子。如果某人喝太多,走路东倒西歪,形象全无,那么你就可以用这个表达来形容他醉的程度。
▷The three came stumbling in, the worse for wear again.
这三人跌跌撞撞进门,又是烂醉如泥的。
▷John looked a bit worse for wear as he got home.
约翰到家的时候看起来醉得一塌糊涂。
▌economical with the truth
很少提供实情的,谎话连篇的。
▷I discovered that my boss had been economical with the truth when she said that the company was making money.
我发现老板说公司盈利其实隐瞒了真相。
▌full and frank discussion
表面意思即深入而坦率的探讨,这是一种礼貌的说法,表示争吵或责难(reprimand)。
▷The directors had a full and frank discussion in the meeting.
主管们在会上争执不休。
▌have words with someone
Words(注意是复数)有口角、争论(altercation)的意思。这个表达指可以指吵架,也可以指训斥某人。
▷Elaine had words with Tony over his driving habits.
伊莲和托尼因为后者的开车习惯问题而吵起来。
▷If Pete keeps on pushing Billy I'm going to have words with him.
如果皮特老这样逼比利,我可要好好找他谈谈了。
▌be disadvantaged
Disadvantaged,即处境不利的,生活条件差的、经济地位低下的……
The government is introducing new schemes to help the disadvantaged.
政府引入了新计划,帮助条件差的人群。
▌financially embarrassed
经济拮据、财产情况窘迫的
▷ I'm afraid I can't come to the restaurant with you. I'm financially embarrassed at the moment.
抱歉我不能和你去下馆子了,我目前手头拮据。
▌pass away 过世
这是很常见的代替die这个词的表达,带有哀悼和尊敬的意味。
▷Her uncle passed away last year.
她叔叔去年过世了。
▌lost his/her battle 被病魔打败
一般指人和病魔抗争,最终没能战胜病魔而死去。
▷My brother lost his battle with lung cancer years ago.
我哥哥几年前在和肺癌的抗争中去世。
▌meet one's Maker 去见造物主
这是稍微诙谐一点的说法,注意这个Maker要大写,有造物主的意思,所以去见造物主了就是灵魂回归了,就像我们会说某人“去见马克思了”。
▷He knew that he came into the world with nothing and that he would go to meet his Maker with empty hands.
他知道自己一无所有来到世上,也将会两手空空离开人间。
▷He's gone to meet his Maker.
他去见造物主了。
▌six feet under 六尺之下
这是指人死后被埋在六尺黄土之下,也不是特别严肃的说法。
▷I won't worry about money when I'm six feet under.
我入土了以后,也就不用再为钱财劳心了。
▌pushing up daisies 坟头长草
这种说法的意思是,人被埋入地下后,坟墓上会长出野花来。通常用在将来时中,不是严肃的用法。
▷I'll be pushing up daisies before this problem is solved.
等这问题解决了,我差不多也该告别人世了。
▷If you talk to me like that again, you'll be pushing up the daisies.
你要再敢这么跟我说话,你就死定了。
▌in one's box 进棺材
非正式说法,俚语。
▷When I'm in my box you can argue all you like about the inheritance.
等我进了棺材,你再去争遗产吧,想怎么争怎么争。
宠物也是家庭成员,如果养的宠物正遭受病痛折磨,很多主人会考虑让它们解脱痛苦(put it out of its misery),也就是animal euthanasia(安乐死)。
▌put down
▷We had to put our cat down as she was very ill.
我们不得不让我们的猫安乐死,她已经病入膏肓了。
▌put an end to its suffering
▷We put an end to her suffering.
我们让她解脱病痛了。
高矮胖瘦和年龄也是人们的敏感点,fat、thin、old这种词当面最好还是不要说,太容易冒犯人(cause offense)。
下面给出一些机智的替代词(alternatives),注意在使用的时候,最好再加上些缓和语气的修饰词,比如"a bit"或 "a little" 。
▌Alternatives to "fat" 胖还能怎么说
▷overweight; heavy 体重偏重
▷plump [plʌmp] 丰满
▷a bit chubby 圆乎乎的,chubby ['tʃʌbi] 尤其多用于形容小朋友
▷curvy ['kə:vi]; curvaceous [kə:'veiʃəs] (指女性)曲线丰满
▷statuesque [,stætju'esk] 高大结实
▷well-built / a big man (指男性)结实、高大
▌Alternatives to "thin" 瘦还能怎么说
▷slim; slender 苗条纤细
▷petite 娇小,尤指女性
▷wiry ['waiəri] 瘦而结实(一点脂肪都没有)
▌Alternatives to "old" 老还能怎么说
▷a pensioner ['penʃ(ə)nə] 领养老金者,退休老人
▷elderly 长者
▷a senior citizen 年长公民
▷middle-aged 中年人
(编辑:左卓)
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