[语法] 高考英语被动语态详解及巩固练习

什么时候用被动语态？

 1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,
 2.只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。

被动语态结构：

be + 过去分词(PP) + (by …)

在改写中应注意：

1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;
2.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”;
3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。

时态 被动语态结构

一般现在时  am/is/are done
 
一般过去时  was/were done
 
现在进行时  am/is/are being done
 
过去进行时  was/were being done
 
一般将来时 shall/will/be going to be done
 
过去将来时  Would be done

现在完成时  have/has been done
 
过去完成时  had been done
 
Eg.Some people attacked the towers.
                   S            V         O
 The towers were  attacked by some people.
             S              V
1) A car knocked him down yesterday.
-He was knocked down by a car yesterday．

2)Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team．
The medical team is made up of by two doctors and ten nurses.

3)When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree．
A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.

4)We’ll put on the play next Sunday．
The play will be put on next Sunday．

5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school．
A new teaching building is being built by workers in our school．

6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year．
The railway had been completed by the end of last year．

7)We should protect the earth．
The earth should be protected．

8)You need to paint the wall．
The wall needs to be painted．

几种特殊结构

1.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday．
I was given a gift on my birthday．

A gift was given to me on my birthday.

2.We often hear him play guitar．
He is often heard to play guitar.

注意：

see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make, listen to, look at 等动词 / 短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。

We should take care of the old people .
The old people should be taken care of.

主动式表被动义

1.动词 (表示主语的属性特征，如read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。

1.The books sell well．
2.This kind of cloth washes easily．

2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。difficult,easy,hard, fit, pleasant,good, comfortable, light, heavy, safe,…
1.The fish is not fit to eat (eat)．
2. We find English is hard to learn (learn)．
3.The article is difficult to understand (understand).

3.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。
1.I have a lot of homework to do.(do)．
2.I’ll give him some books to read (read)．

4表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。
(look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,make,...)
The steel feels cold．

5 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。
(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,...)
The shop opens at 6 am. every day.

6. 作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。

Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed.

Exercise:

1.Newspapers are made ________ paper. Paper is made _______ wood.

A.from/of     B. of/from   C. of/in     D. in/from
2.A lot of new roads _______built in the west of China.
A. must      B. must be  C. has         D. have
3.This dictionary mustn’t ____ from the library.
A.take away  B. taken away  C. are taken away  D. be taken away
4.My shoes ____ . I went out for a new pair.
A.is worn out  B. wore out  

C. were worn off  D. were worn out
5.His car ___ tomorrow.
A.will be repaired  B. is repaired  

C. is being repaired D. has been repaired

6.When your homework ____ , we will go to play football.
A.is done      B. are done  

C. had done  D. will be done
7.He asked me _______.
A. what the paper is used      

B. what the paper was used for
C. what was the paper made of  

D. what’s the paper used as
8.Three fourths of the information on the internet ___ in English.
A.am  B. is  C. are  D. be
9.English is widely used. Many business letters around the world ___ in it.
A. are written     B. were written  

C. are writing    D. were writing
10.This pair of scissors _______ in China.
A.make     B. made   C. is made  D. are made

11.Three quarters of the messages _____ by telegraph.
A. was sent  B. were sent    C. Sent      D. send
12. In the past 10 years, China ____ up many man-made satellites.
A. has been sent  B. has sent   

C. was sent         D. sent
13.They ___ to help the farmers with the harvest last autumn.
A. asked      B. asking   C. to ask     D. were asked
14.We are always kept ____.
A. to smoking  B. on smoking  C. from smoking  D. off smoking
15.Nothing can stop us ___ English.
A. learn       B. learning   C. learned  D. learns
16.Mary ___ some songs in her room in the morning.
A. heard sing  B. heard to sing 

C. was heard sing  D. is heard to sing
17. Mary ______ an English song in her room last night.
A.was heard to sing   B. is heard to sing  

C.was heard singing  D. is heard singing
18. The guide said that the dinosaur eggs ____ about 95 million years ago.
A. lay       B. were lay  C. laid    D. were laid
19. We found the ground ____ snow.
A.cover with       B. is covered with  

C.was covered with  D. was covering with
20. The shop assistant showed a hat _____ red silk to us.
A.made from    B. made of  C. was made of  D. was made from

21. We can find many pictures ____  by Xu Beihong in the museum.
A.drawing  B. drawn  C. drew      D. to draw
22.Have these words _____ by us yesterday?
A. been learnt  B. learnt  C. learned       D. were learnt
23. Have you heard of a dinosaur _____ feathers?
A. was covered by  B. was covered with  

C. covered with  D. covered by
24.About 500 cars ___ in the factory next month.
A. were produced  B. will be produced  

C. will be made  D. have been produced
25.She ______ for 10 years.
A.has been marry  B. has married 

C. has been married  D. have marry
26.The sentence “Thank you” ___ in our everyday life.
A.often use  B. often use  C.is often used  D. are often used

27.Tom !  You _____on the phone just now, but you _____in.
A.wanted , were    B. are wanted , are  

C. were wanted , weren’t    D. called , aren’t

28.The box is used _______ sitting ___ a chair ___ Mike.
A.for,as, by     B. by,for,of   

C.as,for,by    D. for,by,as
29.Middle school students ___ not to smoke.
A. always tell  B. are told always 

C. tell always  D. are always told
30.The room had better ____ this afternoon.
A. be cleaned  B. to be cleaned   

C. clean      D. to clean

31. Everyone knows that paper ____ in China.
A was made first    B. at first was made  

C. was made at first  D. was first made
32. He said that his teeth needed ____.
A.to be repaired  B. repair  

C. repaired      D. to repair
33.The idea seems good but it needs_____.
A.trying on  B. to try at  

C. to be tried out  D. being tried
34. Tell me what _____ next.
A.to be finished   B. be finished    

C. To finish    D. Finish
35. The dirty clothes ___ by his mother now.
A. are washed  B. are washing  

C. were washed  D. are being washed

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