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2022年高考英语全国乙卷阅读理解全文翻译
2022年高考英语全国乙卷阅读理解A篇
原题再现
AHenry Raeburn（1756-1823）The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait（肖像画）Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
【词汇精讲】
【长难句分析】
原句：A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organized groups with teachers.分析：本文为主系表结构的简单句。主语是A special low entrance charge of £2 per person；两个介宾短语 up to and including those at first degree level, in organized groups with teachers作为后置定语修饰名词education。译文：所有接受全日制教育的学生，包括那些有老师的有组织的有第一学位的学生，都可以使用特别的低的每人2英镑的入场费。【整体理解】
体裁：应用文 主题：人与社会 —— 画展语篇导读：本文主要介绍了苏格兰最受人喜爱的画家亨利·雷本的作品展。【段意梳理】第一段：简介画家亨利·雷本。第二段：介绍展览内容。第三段：介绍展览时间。第四、五段：介绍入场费用。【答案及解析】
21. B【解析】细节理解题。本题询问 What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries? 什么时候去参观雷伯恩的《英国同时代人》最合适? 根据题干中的关键词Raeburn's English Contemporaries可找到第二段表格, 由 Thursday30 Oct.13.10可知，在十月30号周四能看到 Raeburn's English Contemporaries，故选B。22. B【解析】细节理解题。本题询问How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? 一对带着两个12岁以下孩子的夫妇要付多少钱才能入场? 根据题干中的关键词 admission 可还原到第四段小标题下面£4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.，£4。由成人陪同的12岁以下儿童免费入场可知，一对带着两个12岁以下孩子的夫妇要付8元，故选B。23. C【解析】细节理解题。本题询问How can full-time students get group discounts?全日制学生如何获得团体折扣? 根据题干中的关键词full-time students可还原到最后一段“A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organized groups with teachers.”所有接受全日制教育的学生，包括那些有老师的有组织的有第一学位的学生，都可以使用特别的低的每人2英镑的入场费，故选C。【参考译文】
展览这次展览是为了庆祝苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利-雷本爵士的生活和工作而举办的，展出了约60幅杰作。该展览从世界各地的藏品中选出，是四十多年来首次举办的他的作品的大型展览。讲座系列苏格兰国家肖像馆为公众举办了一系列的讲座。这些讲座在演讲室举行。讲座免费入场。2022年高考英语全国乙卷阅读理解B篇
原题再现
BIn 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.26. Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising?A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.27. What is the text?A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children's story. D. A diary entry.【重难点词】
wealthy adj [派生词] 富有的； settlement n [派生词] 定居点； schoolhouse n [合成词]（尤指旧时乡村学校的）校舍； instruct v [学术词] 教授，指导； unexpected adj [派生词] 未料到的； society n [熟词生义] 上流社会； undertake v [合成词] [学术词] 承担，从事； privacy n [派生 词] 隐私； feminism n 女权主义，女权运动； influence v [名词动词化] 影 响； hair-raising adj [合成词] 令人寒毛直竖的，惊险的； concern v 涉及， 与……有关； blinding adj [分词形容词] 刺眼的， 雪亮的； sweep n [熟词生义] 连绵弯曲的地带； rosy adj [派生词] 玫瑰色的； glow n 稳定柔和的光；
【重难点词块】
nothing daunted 无所畏惧，毫不气馁； move in with sb 搬来 和某人一起居住； a blanket of snow 厚厚的一层雪； expand on / upon sth 详述，充分叙述； do sightseeing 观光，游览； living conditions 生活条件
【答案与解析】24. A 事实细节题 根据第一段中的 … traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. 可知，两人去落基山脉是为 了到一个只有一间教室的学校教书，所以选项 A 正确。 25. D 推理判断题 根据第三段 … had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. 以及 In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. 可知，两个女孩支教的地方生活条件异常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。所以选项 D 正确。 26. C 事实细节题 根据关键词 hair-raising 定位到第四段 A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. 书中讲述在刺眼的暴风 雪中打孔钻穿落基山脉是令人毛骨悚然的部分，所以选项 C 正确。 27. B 推理判断题 第一段结尾表明两人支教的故事是 Dorothy Wickenden 所著的 Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West 这本书的主题，第四段讲述了书里描述的内容以及结局，最后一段 更是直接指出 Dorothy Wickenden 是一位出色的讲故事的人，解释了她的写 作动机并引用了书中一段精彩的文字。由此可知，本文是一篇书评，所以选 项 B 正确。
【参考译文】
1916 年，两个来自纽约州奥本市的好朋友——多萝西·伍德拉夫（Dorothy Woodruff）和罗莎蒙德·安德伍德（Rosamond Underwood）——两个来自富裕家庭的女孩前往落基山脉的一个定居点，在一所只有一个房间的校舍里教书。女孩上的是史密斯学院。他们穿着昂贵的衣服。因此，让她们搬到科罗拉多州的埃尔克黑德去指导那些用绳子把鞋子绑在一起的孩子们是一个惊喜。她们在埃尔克黑德的逗留是《无所畏惧：西方两个社会女孩的意外教育》的主题，多萝西·威肯登 (Dorothy Wickenden) 是杂志编辑，也是多萝西·伍德拉夫 (Dorothy Woodruff) 的孙女。那她们为什么去了？好吧，她们想做一些有用的事情。然而，很快，她们就意识到了她们所做的事情。她们搬进了当地的一个家庭，哈里森一家，和她们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上盖着一层雪。几个早晨，罗莎蒙德和多萝西会到达校舍，发现孩子们因寒冷而哭泣。在春天，雪被寒冷的泥水所取代。在 Wickenden 的书中，她扩展了西方的历史以及女权主义，这当然影响了女孩们去 Elkhead 的决定。一个令人毛骨悚然的部分涉及铁路的建设，这需要（牵涉）在落基山脉中钻探，通常是在令人眼花缭乱的暴风雪中。这本书以罗莎蒙德和多萝西返回奥本而告终。威肯登是一个非常善于讲故事的人。大地的扫荡和人民的坚忍，让她写出了优美的文字。这是一张多萝西·伍德拉夫 (Dorothy Woodruff) 骑着马从山顶向下看的照片：“当太阳从山后滑落时，它的四周散发出玫瑰色的光芒。然后一轮满月升起。动物：狐狸、土狼、老鼠和各种野兔，它们在冬天变白了。”24. Dorothy 和 Rosamond 为什么要去落基山脉？A. 在学校任教。B. 研究美国历史。C. 写一本书。 D. 观光。25. 我们可以从第 3 段中了解到关于女孩的哪些信息？A. 他们很受尊重。 B. 他们有一个带浴缸的房间。C. 他们和当地的孩子住在一起。 D. 他们遭受了严重的苦难。26. Wickenden 写作的哪一部分令人毛骨悚然？A. 奥本的极端气候。 B. Elkhead 的生活条件。C. 落基山脉的铁路大楼。 D. 西方的自然美景。27. 文章是什么？A. 新闻报道。 B. 书评。C. 儿童故事。 D. 日记条目。2022年高考英语全国乙卷阅读理解C篇
原题再现
CCan a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.B. Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.29. What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.30. What function is expected of the rail drones?A. To provide early warning.B. To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews.D. To accelerate transportation.31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB. How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【重难点词】reliability n [派生词] [学术词] 可靠性；worldwide adv [合成词] 在全世界；precisely adv 精确地，确切地（近 exactly）； inspect v [学术词] 检查（近 examine）；regularly adv [派生词] 经常；saving n 节省，节约；personnel n 全体人员；alone adv [熟词生义] 仅仅，单，只；approximately adv [学术词] 大约， 大概（近 about）；higher-value adj [合成词] 更高价值的； detect v [学术词] 检测，探测；switch n [熟词生义]（铁路的） 道岔，转辙器；overhead adv 在头顶上方，在空中；program v 编写程序；autonomously adv [派生词] 自主地；sensor n 传感器；AI 人工智能（artificial intelligence）；co-pilot n（飞 机的）副驾驶员；signal v [名词动词化] 发信号，示意； fast-moving adj [合成词] 快速行驶的；altitude n 海拔（高 度），高处；automatically adv [派生词] [学术词] 自动地
【重难点词块】railway operators 铁路运营商，铁路部门；；apply sth to (doing) sth 把某物应用于（做）某事； rail / railway tracks 铁路轨道；high-tension electrical lines 高压电线；railway lines 铁路线；on-time performance 准点 率；cut costs 降低成本；across the board 整体，全面；It is calculated that ... 据计算……；perform the task 执行任务； power lines 电 线；earn profits 获利
【答案与解析】
28. A 事实细节题 根据第二段前两句可知，无人机已经被用于检查高压电 线。他们在铁路方面完全可以做同样的事情，比如检查铁路线以及铁轨和铁 路道岔的位置是否有问题等，使无人机在铁路线上的应用成为可能。 29. C 词义猜测题 根据第三段第二句 … sending maintenance staff … to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. 可知 maintenance 是“维护，保 养”的意思，C 项 Inspection and repair 与句中的 inspect and repair 对应。 30. A 事实细节题 根据最后一段第一句 … detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. 以及最后一句 … they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 可知，无人机在铁路出现任何安全问题之前可以检测其故障，提前 预警，以便高速行驶的火车能及时做出反应。 31. D 主旨大意题 通读文章可知，本文介绍了无人机在铁路交通中的应用， 讲述无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，包括使铁路变得更安全、更可靠、更省 钱等。
【参考译文】
一小群无人机能否保证铁路的安全性和可靠性，同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很有可能应用今天的“天空之眼”技术，以确保全球数百万公里的铁轨和基础设施全天候安全。无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们也可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道的正确位置和转换点。检查次数越高，铁路的安全性、可靠性和准时性就越提高。成本将被削减，运营效率也将更加高效。这包括大量节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全。据计算，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在维护上花费约200亿欧元，包括派遣维修人员，通常是在夜间，来检查和维修铁路基础设施。这可能是一种危险的工作，通过无人机协助机组人员的工作就可以避免。通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务，在造成任何安全问题之前，检测铁路或转换的故障。为了完成这些任务，轨道无人机不需要在头顶飞行。工程师们现在正在研究一个新的概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在火车前面的轨道上行驶，并按编程进行自动运行。拥有先进传感器和人工智能的小型无人机在火车前面行驶，可以像副驾驶一样引导它。有了他们看到前方的能力，他们就可以发出任何问题的信号，这样快速行驶的列车就能够及时做出反应。28.是什么使无人机在铁路线路上的应用成为可能？A.使用无人机来检查电力线路。B. 无人机在高海拔地区工作的能力。C. 无人机设计成本的降低。D. 无人机在偏远地区的可靠性能。 29.第3段中下划线的“维护”指什么？A.人员安全。B.来自无人机的援助。C. 检查和维修。D. 基础设施的建设。 30.铁路无人机的预期功能是什么？A.以提供早期预警。B.使火车自动运行。C. 为船员们赚钱。D. 以加速交通运输。 31.本文最适合使用哪个标题？A. 用无人机可以检测到什么故障 B. 如何扩大无人机的生产 C. 无人机的开发将面临什么样的困难 D. 无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。2022年高考英语全国乙卷阅读理解D篇
原题再现
DThe Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.32. Why was the sugar tax introduced?A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.C. To protect children's health. D. To encourage research in education.33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products' sugar content.34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.【答案与解析】32. C 事实细节题 根据第二段中的 First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity. 可知，征收糖税的目的是 减缓儿童肥胖症问题，也就是保护儿童健康，所以选项 C 正确。 33. D 事实细节题 根据第四段中的 It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造 商）so they can avoid paying the tax. 可知，为应对糖税政策，一些饮品公 司降低产品的含糖量来避税，所以选项 D 正确。 34. D 事 实 细 节题 根 据 第 五段 However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax … 可知，可口可乐公司接受了糖税，而 果汁、牛奶饮料和大多数的酒精饮料都是免税的，糖税主要来自经典可口可 乐这些高糖品牌，所以选项 D 正确。 35. B 推理判断题 根据最后一段第一句 Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. 可知，糖税政策的实施，产生了积极的影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮 食筹集了数百万英镑，由此推断出该政策是成功的，所以选项 B 正确
【参考译文】
政府的第一个官方数据显示，它对软饮料征收的糖税带来的收入是部长们最初预测的一半。2016年4月首次宣布，该税收适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料，以帮助减少儿童肥胖。普遍认为，今天的儿童和青少年摄入的糖是推荐水平的三倍，这使他们患糖的风险更高。最初，含糖税预计每年将为财政部赚取5.2亿英镑。然而，前六个月的数据显示，它的收入还不到这个数字的一半。目前，在截至2019年4月的财年中，它预计将产生2.4亿英镑的收入，用于学校体育活动。此前，超过一半的软饮料被制造商（制造商）降低了含糖量，以避免纳税。根据财政部的数据，由于制造商努力避免收费，饮料现在的含糖量减少了4500万公斤。自4月份以来，饮料公司被迫为生产或进口的每升含糖饮料支付18至24便士，这取决于含糖量。然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了含糖税，并因害怕扰乱消费者而拒绝改变。果汁、牛奶饮料和大多数酒精饮料都是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是如此，据一位政府官员称，今天的数据显示，糖税通过为体育设施和学校健康饮食筹集数百万英镑而产生的积极影响。帮助下一代拥有一个健康和活跃的童年是非常重要的，而这个行业正在发挥自己的作用。 32. 为什么要征收糖税?A.为学校募捐。 B.提高饮料质量。C.保护儿童健康。D.鼓励教育研究。33. 一些饮料公司是如何应对糖税的?A.他们转向了海外市场。B.他们提高了产品价格。C.他们减少了生产。D.他们降低了产品的含糖量。34. 食糖税是从下列哪个选项中征收的?A.大多数酒精饮料 B.牛奶饮料。C.果汁。 D .经典可乐。35. 关于糖税政策的实施，我们可以推断出什么?A.这是一个短视的决定。 B.这是一个成功的故事。C.它有利于制造商。D.它会让客户感到不安。往期推荐
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