[双语阅读]：我们正丧失倾听的能力

We are losing our listening. We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening. But we’re not very good at it. We retain just 25 percent of what we hear. Now not you, not this talk, but that is generally true. Let’s define listening as making meaning from sound. It’s a mental process, and it’s a process of extraction.

我们正在丧失倾听的能力。我们交流过程中60%的时间都是用来倾听，但其实我们并不擅长倾听。我们只保留了25%所听到的内容，不是指在座各位和这个演讲，这是一个普遍的事实。让我们来定义倾听，就是使得声音有意义，这是一个心理过程，它也是一个提取的过程。

We use some pretty cool techniques to do this. One of them is patternrecognition. So in a cocktail party like this, if I say, “David, Sara, pay attention,” some of you just sat up. We recognize patterns to distinguish noise from signal, and especially our name.

我们用一些很酷的技术完成这个过程，其中之一是模式识别技术。（人群噪音）在像这样的一个鸡尾酒会上。如果我说“大卫，莎拉，注意了”。你们中间就会有人坐直身子，我们能识别出一些声音特点，从而从信号中区分它们，特别是对于自己的名字。

Differencing is another technique we use. If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes, you would literallycease to hear it. We listen to differences. We discount sounds that remain the same. And then there is a whole range of filters. These filters take us from all sound down to what we pay attention to. Most people are entirely unconscious of these filters.

区分是我们用的另外一个技术，如果我让这种粉红噪声保持几分钟，你就不会很认真的听它了，我们只会听有变化的声音，我们不大专注于持续不变的声音。这里有一系列的过滤功能，它把我们从所有声音中抽离出来，重点去听我们所关注的。大多数人都完全没有察觉这些过滤器。

But they actually create our reality in a way, because they tell us what we’re paying attention to right now. Give you one example of that: Intention is very important in sound, in listening. When I married my wife, I promised her that I would listen to her every day as if for the first time. Now that’s something I fall short of on a daily basis. But it’s a great intention to have in a relationship.

但是它们在某种程度上创造了现实生活。因为它们告诉我们当下我们正在关注什么，举个例子：意向在声音和听觉中非常重要，我娶我夫人的时候，我向她承诺我每天都会像我们第一次见面那样去倾听她。现在我每天都在下降，但这是这种关系下的一个很好的意愿。

But that’s not all. Sound places us in space and in time. If you close your eyes right now in this room, you’re aware of the size of the room from the reverberation and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces. And you’re aware of how many people are around you because of the micro-noises you’re receiving. And sound places us in time as well, because sound always has time embedded in it.

但这不是全部。声音把我们置于时间和空间中，如果你现在马上闭上眼，你会通过声音回响以及声音在物体表面撞击的力度，感觉出这件房间的大小。你还可以感觉到在你周围有多少人，因为你可以听到周围微小的噪音。同时，声音还把我们置于时间中，因为声音总是和时间并存的。

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