《中华人民共和国民法总则》中英对照版 | 法宝推荐

【来源】北大法宝英文译本库

【声明】本文由北大法宝编写，转载请注明来源

《中华人民共和国民法总则》于2017年3月15日表决通过。北大法宝倾情推出《中华人民共和国民法总则》中英文对照版。本文推送民法总则七大亮点中英文对照，完整版请关注北大法宝英文译本库（en.pkulaw.cn），或者点击文末“阅读原文”，登录查看全文。

亮点1：胎儿享民事权可继承遗产

第十六条

涉及遗产继承、接受赠与等胎儿利益保护的，胎儿视为具有民事权利能力。但是胎儿娩出时为死体的，其民事权利能力自始不存在。

Highlight 1: Fetuses have civil rights to succeed estates

Article 16

Where the protection of the interests of an unborn child is involved in, among others, a succession or acceptance of a gift, the unborn child shall be deemed to have capacity for civil rights. However, in case of a stillborn, the unborn child's capacity for civil rights shall be deemed to have never existed.

亮点2：民事诉讼时效两年改为三年

第一百八十八条

向人民法院请求保护民事权利的诉讼时效期间为三年。法律另有规定的，依照其规定。

诉讼时效期间自权利人知道或者应当知道权利受到损害以及义务人之日起计算。法律另有规定的，依照其规定。但是自权利受到损害之日起超过二十年的，人民法院不予保护；有特殊情况的，人民法院可以根据权利人的申请决定延长。

Highlight 2: The limitation of action is changed from two years to three years

Article 188 

An action instituted in a people's court for protection of civil rights is prescribed by three years, except as otherwise prescribed by any law. 

The prescriptive period shall be calculated from the day when the obligee knows or should have known that his or her right has been infringed upon and who the obligor is, except as otherwise provided for by any law. The people's court shall not offer protection if 20 years have elapsed since the infringement; but under special circumstances, the people's court may decide to extend the prescriptive period upon application of the obligee.

亮点3：失能老人等建成年监护制度

第三十三条

具有完全民事行为能力的成年人，可以与其近亲属、其他愿意担任监护人的个人或者组织事先协商，以书面形式确定自己的监护人。协商确定的监护人在该成年人丧失或者部分丧失民事行为能力时，履行监护职责。

Highlight 3: The guardianship system is improved to protect the disabled elderly

Article 33 

An adult with full capacity for civil conduct may, by consulting in advance with his or her close relatives or other individuals or organizations willing to act as a guardian, determine his or her guardian in writing. When the adult loses all or part of capacity for civil conduct, the guardian determined by consultation shall perform the duty of guardianship of the adult.

亮点4：未成年遭性侵18岁后仍可诉

第一百九十一条

未成年人遭受性侵害的损害赔偿请求权的诉讼时效期间，自受害人年满十八周岁之日起计算。

Highlight 4: Minor sexual assault victims can institute an action when they reach 18 years of age

Article 191 

The prescriptive period of a claim for damages of a minor who has suffered sexual assault shall be calculated from the day when the victim attains the age of eighteen.

亮点5：个人信息保护写入民法总则

第一百一十一条

自然人的个人信息受法律保护。任何组织和个人需要获取他人个人信息的，应当依法取得并确保信息安全，不得非法收集、使用、加工、传输他人个人信息，不得非法买卖、提供或者公开他人个人信息。

Highlight 5: Protection of personal information appears in civil law 

Article 111 

The personal information of a natural person shall be protected by law. Any organization or individual needing to obtain the personal information of other persons shall legally obtain and ensure the security of such information, and shall not illegally collect, use, process, or transmit the personal information of other persons, nor illegally buy, sell, provide, or publish the personal information of other persons.

亮点6：征地应给予公平合理补偿

第一百一十七条

为了公共利益的需要，依照法律规定的权限和程序征收、征用不动产或者动产的，应当给予公平、合理的补偿。

Highlight 6: Fair and reasonable compensations should be made for the expropriation of lands

Article 117 

Fair and reasonable indemnification shall be made if any immovable or movable is expropriated or requisitioned for public interest according to the authority and procedures prescribed by laws.

亮点7：损害环境须“恢复原状”

第一百七十九条

承担民事责任的方式主要有：

（一）停止侵害；

（二）排除妨碍；

（三）消除危险；

（四）返还财产；

（五）恢复原状；

（六）修理、重作、更换；

（七）继续履行；

（八）赔偿损失；

（九）支付违约金；

（十）消除影响、恢复名誉；

（十一）赔礼道歉。

法律规定惩罚性赔偿的，依照其规定。

本条规定的承担民事责任的方式，可以单独适用，也可以合并适用。

Highlight 7: It is a must to "restore the environment" in case of damage to it

Article 179 

Civil liability shall be assumed primarily in the following manners:

(1) Cessation of infringement.

(2) Removal of obstacles.

(3) Elimination of danger.

(4) Restitution of property.

(5) Restoration to the original condition.

(6) Repair, reworking, or replacement.

(7) Continued performance.

(8) Compensation for loss.

(9) Payment of liquidated damages.

(10) Elimination of adverse effects and rehabilitation of reputation.

(11) Making an apology.

Where any law provides for punitive damages, such a law shall apply.

The manners of assuming civil liability as set forth in this article may be applied alone or by a combination.

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