看美国总统大选辩论，学地道英语（附前两场原声视频+金句总结和解析）
前两场辩论，川普和希拉里互黑无下限，第三场将会是什么样子？我们共同期待。赶在明天第三场之前，我们先来回顾下前两场辩论，顺便学一些地道的英语表达。
第一场辩论视频（原声中字）
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=t03320hy1bt&width=500&height=375&auto=0
▌That makes me smart.
（不交税）显得我聪明啊。（by 川普）
▌I call it trumped-up trickle-down.
川普上，经济倒。（by 希拉里）
▌Why not?
不怪你怪谁？（by 川普）
▌I know you live in your own reality.
你活在自己的现实中。（by 希拉里）
▌I have a winning temperament.
我有获胜的性格。（by 川普）
▌She doesn't have the look. She doesn't have the stamina.
她没有总统相，她没有精力。（by 川普）
第一场辩论一开始，两人有关就业和税收等经济政策的辩论中，希拉里表示，特朗普提出的为富人减税政策是trumped-up trickle-down。这里先说这个trickle-down，是一种经济理论，也叫trickle-down economics，翻译为“垂滴经济学”，说的是“一个体制中给予上层人的利益会传递给较低阶层的人”。Trumped-up是个固定表达，表示“伪造的，捏造的，莫须有的”。希拉里在这里用trumped-up来修饰trickle-down可谓一语双关，既表明这种理论是虚假的，同时提到了特朗普的名字Trump，说明这样不靠谱的政策是特朗普提出来的。姜果然是老的辣。
“We also, though, need to have a tax system that rewards work and not just financial transactions. And the kind of plan that Donald has put forth would be trickle-down economics all over again. In fact, it would be the most extreme version, the biggest tax cuts for the top percent of the people in this country than we've ever had.
我们同时需要一个能够让劳动有回报的税收系统，而不是仅仅反应金融交易。特朗普提出的税收政策将会是垂滴经济学的另一个翻版。实际上，会是垂滴经济学最极端的一个版本，是我国有史以来对顶层富人最大规模的减税政策。
我把他的政策称为虚无的垂滴政策（或者“特朗普鼓吹的垂滴政策”），因为事实就是这样。那可不是我们的经济应该发展的模式。”I call it trumped-up trickle-down, because that's exactly what it would be. That is not how we grow the economy.
原话摘录：
“You have regulations on top of regulations, and new companies cannot form and old companies are going out of business. And you want to increase the regulations and make them even worse.
你们现在制度上面有制度，新公司成立不起来，老公司又都在破产。你还想要增加制度，让这些情况变得更糟糕。
我打算精简规章制度。我要大规模减税，而你要大规模增税。就是这么回事儿。”I'm going to cut regulations. I'm going to cut taxes big league, and you're going to raise taxes big league, end of story.
原话摘录：
典型的政客。光说不练。听起来很好，完全没用。永远不会实现。就是因为像希拉里这样的人在就业和发展方面做了这些糟糕的决策，我们国家才会经受这些困境。”“Typical politician. All talk, no action. Sounds good, doesn't work. Never going to happen. Our country is suffering because people like Secretary Clinton have made such bad decisions in terms of our jobs and in terms of what's going on.
这个词可能是特朗普用的词里面比较高级别的，读音是[bræɡəˈdəuʃiəuz]，是braggadocio的复数形式，表示“自我吹嘘，吹牛大王”等意，英语中意思相近的词还有，brag，boast，blow one's trumpet等。
我有个很棒的公司。我有巨额收入。我这么说不是在吹牛，而是因为我们国家该由一个懂钱的人来管理了。”“I have a great company. I have a tremendous income. And the reason I say that is not in a braggadocios way. It's because it's about time that this country had somebody running it that has an idea about money.
在第一场辩论的第二部分，两人就美国的方向展开辩论，主要是关于种族歧视问题。特朗普表示，被列在watch list和no fly list上的人应该被密切监视和关注。Watch list就是国际刑警组织列出的有恐怖分子嫌疑的人员名单，no fly list大家都知道，就是“禁飞名单”，也是因为有恐怖分子嫌疑而被禁止搭乘飞机的人员名单。我们的生活中充斥着各种各样的list，手机上可以设blacklist，把某些人的电话给屏蔽了，与之对应的自然就是whitelist，白名单上的人和事都是畅行无阻，获得准许的。近几年咱们国家搞自贸区，还出现了一个negative list（负面清单），也就是说，列在这个单子上的事情不能做，不在这个单子上的都可以做。
“First of all, I agree, and a lot of people even within my own party want to give certain rights to people on watch lists and no fly lists. I agree with you, when a person is on a watch list or a no fly list -- and I have the endorsement of the NRA, which I'm very proud of, these are very very good people, and they are protecting the Second Amendment -- but I think we have to look very strongly at no fly lists and watch lists, and when people are on there, even if they shouldn't be on there, we'll help them, we'll help them legally, we'll help them get off. But I tend to agree with that, quite strongly.首先，我同意，共和党内很多人都想让在监视名单和禁飞名单上的人有一些特定的权利。我同意你的意见。如果有人被列入监视名单或禁飞名单，插一句，我得到了美国步枪协会的支持，这让我很自豪，他们都是特别特别好的人，他们在捍卫第二修正案，但我认为我们应该对列在这些名单上的人严密监视，如果有人被列入这些名单，就算他们不应该被列入，我们帮助他们，用合法的方式帮助他们，帮助他们解除嫌疑。但我还是同意，严密监视。”
在第一场辩论的最后一部分，两人就如何保障美国的安全展开辩论，话题围绕网络安全。希拉里谴责俄罗斯实施网络攻击（cyber attack），窃取政府、企业和个人信息，以及对民主党全国委员会的网络攻击。希拉里表示，俄罗斯更愿意采用网络攻击的方式对美国造成损害，同时收集信息。Wreak havoc是一个固定搭配，wreak是动词，表示“造成（混乱或破坏）； 实施（报复）”，havoc则表示“大动乱，浩劫”等严重受损的局面，常用的搭配是wreak havoc on somebody/something，比如：Their policies would wreak havoc on the economy. 如果要表示“实施报复”可以用wreak vengeance on表示。
俄罗斯对我国的各类机构进行网络攻击这事儿已经毫无疑问了，我对此很担忧。我知道特朗普对普京赞赏有加。但是，普京在跟我们玩一个长期且有难度的游戏。他做过的事情包括，让网络攻击人员肆意入侵我们的政府文件、个人档案以及民主党全国委员会。我们最近才意识到，他们更愿意用这样的方式对我们造成巨大伤害，然后收集我们的信息。”“There's no doubt now that Russia has used cyberattacks against all kinds of organizations in our country, and I am deeply concerned about this. I know Donald is very praise -- praiseworthy of Vladimir Putin. But Putin is playing a very tough, long game here. And one of the things he's done is to let loose cyber attackers to hack into government files, to hack into personal files, hack into the Democratic National Committee. And we recently have learned that this is one of their preferred methods of trying to wreak havoc and collect information.
说到伊朗问题时，希拉里表示自己在担任国务卿期间，对伊朗实施了制裁，还把俄罗斯、中国等联合国安理会国家召集到一起商讨伊朗无核化协议，最终在克里担任国务卿时期不费一枪一弹达成协议。而她指出，特朗普曾经表示，一艘伊朗船上的士兵在嘲笑旁边美国船上的士兵，如果他听到伊朗士兵嘲笑自己国家的士兵（there were some Iranian sailors on a ship in the waters off of Iran, and they were taunting American sailors who were on a nearby ship），他会把那艘船炸了，然后对他们宣战。Taunt是个多功能的词，可用作名词、形容词和动词，表示“嘲笑，奚落，讥讽，笑柄”等意。这里想介绍几个结尾字母与其相近的几个词：flaunt，炫耀/夸耀，我们原来说的“炫富”就可以用flaunt wealth表示；haunt，经常光顾/时常萦绕心头，比如：this café is the haunt of office workers in the building；vaunt，吹嘘/自夸，比如，empty vaunt/he is a real vaunter等。这个vaunt可以补充进前面第4条braggadocios的近义词当中。
我花了一年半的时间把俄罗斯和中国等国家叫到一起，对伊朗实施了最严厉的制裁，后来我们的确把伊朗拖到了谈判桌前。我的继任者克里和奥巴马总统最终和伊朗达成了限制其核项目协议。没有费一枪一弹。那才是外交。那才是结盟。那才是与其他国家合作。有一天，我看到特朗普说，伊朗海域附近一艘船上的伊朗士兵在嘲笑临近一艘船上的美国士兵。他说，你知道，如果他们嘲笑我们的士兵，我会把他们的船炸了，然后再发动一次战争。”“I spent a year and a half putting together a coalition that included Russia and China, to impose the toughest sanctions on Iran, and we did drive them to the negotiating table. And my successor, John Kerry and President Obama got a deal that put a lid on Iran's nuclear program. Without firing a single shot. That's diplomacy. That's coalition building. That's working with other nations. The other day, I saw Donald saying that there were some Iranian sailors on a ship in the waters off of Iran, and they were taunting American sailors who were on a nearby ship. He said, you know, if they taunted our sailors, I'd blow them out of the water and start another war.
第二场辩论视频（原声中字）
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=o0335xnu9qw&width=500&height=375&auto=0
▌I have great respect for women. Nobody has more respect for women than I do.
我特别尊重女性。我比任何人都尊重女性。（by 川普）
▌Because you’d be in jail.
因为那时你已经进监狱了。（by 川普）
▌Hillary Clinton is raising your taxes, folks. You can look at me.
乡亲们，希拉里要提高税收，你们就指望我吧。（by 川普）
▌Believe me, she has tremendous hate in her heart.
相信我，她内心充满了巨大的仇恨。（by 川普）
▌First, let me say so much of what he just said is not right, but he gets to run his campaign any way he chooses.
我不得不说他说得大部分根本就不对，不过他得想办法把竞选搞下去啊。（by 希拉里）
▌Donald always takes care of Donald.
川普总是为川普操心。（by 希拉里）
到了第二场，辩论的形式灵活了一些，两人可以在场内自由走动，提问的主角是现场观众，这些观众都是在圣路易斯地区选出来明确表示对任何一位候选人都没有倾向性的普通选民（undecided voters）。观众提问，两位候选人回答，主持人会适时跟进一些问题（ask follow-up questions）。因为这种形式很像某个小镇开会议事，居民提问，镇长回答，所以被称为town hall debate，现场观众就被称为town hall participants。
（主持人Anderson Cooper）今晚的辩论采用市政厅会议的形式，选民有机会直接向两位候选人提问。Martha和我会跟进一些问题，但提问权属于今天在场的观众以及在线提交问题的全国民众。今天在场的观众是有盖乐普公司在圣路易斯地区挑选出来的，他们都表明对任何一位候选人没有倾向性。每一位观众都带来了自己想问的问题，我们也是今天早晨才看到这些问题。”“Tonight's debate is a town hall format which gives voters the chance to directly ask the candidates questions. Martha and I will ask follow-up questions but the night really belongs to the people in this room and to people across the country who committed questions online. The people you see on this stage were chosen by the Gallup organization, are all from the St. Louis area and told Gallup they have not committed to a candidate. Each of them came here with questions they wanted to ask and we saw the questions for the first time this morning.
从修辞手法的角度来看，字母m开头的两个词连用属于押头韵（alliteration），即若干相邻词的开头或重读音节中对相同字母、辅音或不同元音的重复。这种修辞方式在诗歌中很常见，使得句子读起来押韵合辙，悦耳动听，有时也能增加句子的气势。再举几个例子：I dreamt of a drip-dropping drain in my dream/Your friends will flip-flop fast when facing trouble/Grass grows greener in the graveyard。
Mimic指“戏仿某人”，也就是说，通过模仿别人来取笑别人；mock比mimic更甚，指“嘲弄别人”，有时也是通过模仿来表现对别人的嘲弄和嘲笑。
这段话是在辩论一开始，难免要提到特朗普玩弄女性的录音，特朗普说那都是过去的“更衣室谈话”（locker room talk），即言语粗俗的私人谈话，他说他很尊重女性。希拉里则表示，他不光不尊重女性，他曾经冒犯过很多人，但是他从来没有向任何人道过歉。
他从来没有向卡恩夫妇道过歉，他们家是金星家庭（金星家庭指在战斗或者军事行动中牺牲的美军士兵的直系亲属），他们的儿子是在伊拉克战争中牺牲的卡恩上尉，而特朗普连续几周侮辱他们、攻击他们的宗教信仰。他从来没有向出生在印第安纳州的一位出色的联邦法官道歉，特朗普说这位法官不值得信任，因为他的父母是墨西哥人。他从来没有向那位被他公开在电视上嘲笑和模仿的记者道歉，我们国家的孩子们可都在看电视呢。他也从来没有向奥巴马总统就种族主义谎言道歉，他说奥巴马总统不是在美国出生的。他欠总统一个道歉，欠我们国家一个道歉，他要为他的言行负起责任。”“He never apologized to Mr. And Mrs. Khan, the gold star family whose son, Captain Khan died in the line of duty in Iraq and Donald insulted and attacked them for weeks over their religion. He never apologized to the distinguished federal judge who was born in Indiana, but Donald said he couldn't be trusted to be a judge because his parents were "Mexican." He never apologized to the reporter that he mimicked and mocked on national television and our children were watching. And he never apologized for the racist lie that President Obama was not born in the United States of America. He owes the president an apology and he owes our country an apology and he needs to take responsibility for his actions and his words.
希拉里提到俄罗斯网络入侵美国，并称俄罗斯想通过这些行动对美国大选搅局，然后帮助特朗普当选。特朗普表示，他不认识普京，但是美国的确应该跟俄罗斯搞好关系，那样两国可以联合起来对付ISIS。特朗普有点委屈地说：“他们总是用俄罗斯的事儿来诋毁我。”
Tarnish算是个常用词，动词名词皆可，指“污点/瑕疵，金属失去光泽，玷污或败坏（某人的名声）”，常见的搭配是tarnish somebody/something with something。与其意思相近的另外一个同级别词是blemish，也是动名词皆可用，表示“污点，玷污”等意，比如：He wasn't about to blemish that pristine record.
“I don't know Putin. I think it would be great if we got along with Russia because we could fight ISIS together, as an example, but I don't know Putin. But I notice, any time anything wrong happens, they like to say the Russians, well she doesn't know if it's the Russians doing the hacking. Maybe there is no hacking, but there is - now Russia - and the reason they blame Russia is they think they’re trying to tarnish me with Russia. I know nothing about Russia - I know about Russia, but I know nothing about the inner workings of Russia. I don’t deal there, I have no businesses there, I have no loans from Russia.我不认识普京。我觉得要是能跟俄罗斯搞好关系应该挺好的，因为我们可以一起对付ISIS。但我真的不认识普京。不过，我发现，每次有问题出现，他们很喜欢拿俄罗斯说事儿，其实她也不知道那些网络入侵是不是俄罗斯人干的。或者，根本没有入侵，但是俄罗斯是存在的，他们谴责俄罗斯是因为他们想用俄罗斯来诋毁我。我完全不了解俄罗斯——我知道俄罗斯，但我不了解俄罗斯内部的运作情况。我不和他们做生意，在那里没有买卖，也没跟俄罗斯借钱。”
Xenophobic，读音\ˈze-nə-ˌfōbik\， unduly fearful of what is foreign and especially of people of foreign origin，无端畏惧外国人（或事物）的。这里的xeno-是个前缀，表示alien，strange；phobic是phobia（恐惧症）的形容词形式，如果想表达患有某种恐惧症的人则用后缀phobe。列出一些常见的恐惧症：amaxophobia（乘车恐惧症）、kathisophobia（静坐恐惧症）、claustrophobia（密闭空间恐惧症），以及近几年才出现的nomophobia（无手机恐惧症）。
“Cooper: I want to follow on with something Donald Trump said to you. A comment you made last month. You said half of Donald Trump supporters are quote deplorables. Racist, sexist, homophobic, xenophobic, islamophobic. You later said you regretted saying half. You didn't express regret for using the term deplorables. To Mr. Carter’s question, how can you unite a country if you've written off tens of millions of Americans?
主持人Cooper：我想就特朗普对你的言论跟进一下。上月你评论称，特朗普的支持者中有一半人应该受到谴责，称他们是种族主义者、性别歧视主义者、恐同分子、惧外分子、恐伊斯兰分子。后来，你说后悔说了‘一半’那个词。但你并没有对使用deplorables这个词表示后悔。回到卡特先生的提问，如果你都把这上千万的美国人给排除在外了，你怎么团结整个国家呢？”
克林顿：我说完那番话几个小时以后我就对此表示了歉意，我的言论并不是针对他的支持者，而是针对特朗普本人以及他这种分裂的竞选方式、他的竞选活动激起的暴力行为以及针对女性和全体美国人的残酷言论。”Clinton: Well within hours I said I was sorry about the way I talked about that because my argument is not with his supporters, it's with him and the divisive campaign he has run and the inciting of violence at his rallies and the very brutal kinds of comments about not just women, but all Americans.
在辩论的最后，有位观众提了一个很好的问题：抛开场上的唇枪舌战，你们二位能不能互相说出对方身上值得看重的一点？希拉里表示，特朗普的孩子们都很棒，由此也反应了他的部分为人。特朗普接话称，希拉里夸我孩子，我很受用，希拉里一直在战斗，没有退出，她是个斗士，这是他看重的。
Compliment通常都用来表示“恭维、致意、赞美”，常用的搭配为pay/give someone a compliment，表示“赞美或恭维某人”。比如，有人看到你后说：“你走过来的时候，我还以为碰见范冰冰了呢！”这个时候你可以回答说“I’ll take that as a compliment. （我就当你是在夸我吧）”
英语里还有一个词跟这个词发音一样，拼写方式也很接近，很容易搞错，需要大家多留心，这个词就是complement，指“补充，补足，补充剂”，比如，we complement each other（我们互补），Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish（咖喱菜式配米饭最棒）。
“Clinton: Well, I respect his children. His children are incredibly able and devoted and I think that says a lot about Donald. I don't agree with nearly anything else he says or does, but I do respect that and think that is something that as a mother and a grandmother is very important to me.
克林顿：我觉得他的孩子们挺好的。他们都很有能力而且专注，这也反应了特朗普的为人。他的言行我差不多都不赞同，但我的确欣赏他的孩子们，这对我一个当了母亲和祖母的人来说很重要。
特朗普：她对于我家孩子的这番表达对我来说是很好的恭维。我不知道她说这些是不是算称赞我，不过的确受用，我以我的孩子们为荣。他们表现都很棒，是很好的孩子。所以，我觉得这是一种赞美。对于希拉里，我想说的是，她没有退出，没有放弃。我很尊重这一点。的确如此。她是个斗士。她为之战斗的很多事情我都不赞同，她做的很多决策我都反对，但是，她的确一直在战斗，没有退出，没有放弃，我觉得这是一个很好的品质。”Trump: Well, I consider her statement about my children to be a very nice compliment. I don't know if it was meant to be a compliment, but it is a great... I'm proud of my children. They have done a wonderful job and they have been wonderful, wonderful kids. So I consider that a compliment. I will say this about Hillary. She doesn't quit and she doesn't give up. I respect that. I tell it like it is. She is a fighter. I disagree with much of what she is fighting for, I do disagree with her judgment in many cases, but she does fights hard and doesn't quit and she doesn’t give up, and I consider that a very good trait.
希拉里和川普，最终谁会在竞选中获胜？
我们共同期待第三场。
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