你把“女”人放哪里？
What Makes a “Women”?
[妛 chī] Meaning: Ancient word for ugly woman.
我抬起了一座山,天上的月亮看着我，天上的星星眨着眼。
"I lift the mountain, as the moon in the sky watches me, and the stars blink."
这是一系列都以“女”偏旁的汉字作为创作灵感的作品：好、她、妆、姡、姓、奴、妇、妓……已有100多个这样的“女”字，被90后插画家张雅岚加之以自己的插画解读，并做成了她的毕设作品。
Inspired by the Chinese character nǚ 女, which translates to “female” in English, 90s-born Chinese illustrator Zhang Yalan created a series of illustrations dissecting the word's usage. The nǚ character is a common radical (a root character in the Chinese language that convey semantic or linguistic information) that's used as a component in a wide range of other words, including hao 好 (good), tā 她 (her), zhuāng 妆 (makeup), xìng 姓 (forename), nú 奴 (slave), fù 妇 (wife), and jì 妓 (prostitute), among many others. The series, which began as a university graduation project, now consists of over 100 illustrations.
[娽 lù] Meaning: Obedient
不要对他依赖太多，不然到时候逃都逃不掉。
"Don’t depend on him too much, otherwise you may never be able to leave."
[妌 jǐng] Meaning: Gentle and meek.
你的心如同深井一样，我望啊望啊，永远看不到底。
"Your heart is like a well. No matter how hard I look, I can't see the bottom."
这些在汉语书面语中随处可见的“女”旁汉字，存在着褒义字，中性字和贬义字：温良优美如姝婷，风骚不检如娼妓。
张雅岚觉得，这些不同词性的词寓含了太多深刻的意义，“这其中是不是因为中国历史文化发展中社会对女性地位及对待女性态度中存在着歧视？再结合上现如今男女不平等的社会问题，就激发了我以‘女’旁汉字来解读性别歧视的灵感。”
From describing beautiful and elegant women to lewd prostitutes, characters using nǚ as a radical are able to communicate both positive and negative meanings.
However, Zhang has observed the majority seem to lean towards the latter and is indicative of a larger societal issue. “Did this phenomenon come about due to how Chinese history and society developed with a predominantly misogynistic attitude?” she asks. “That question, along with my observations of gender inequality issues in modern times, is what motivated me to create this series.”
[嬉 xī] Meaning: Amusement
“女人如游戏”
“A woman is like a game”
[姅 bàn] Meaning: Menstruation, menstrual period
我的脸被切成了两半，里面空洞洞的...我流着眼泪，不知所措。
"I cut my face into two parts, inside I find it’s empty… I cry, I don’t know what to do."
张雅岚承认之所以创作这系列的作品，和她自己身为女性也存在着一定关系。“无论是男性对于女性的歧视也好，或者源于女性自身的自卑也罢，中国人的传统观念对于性别的话题是很隐晦的，大部分人都会选择性地无视或回避。”
那么，如何让读者能够被作品所吸引，并且在观看中产生自己的思考？这就是张雅岚在创作中一直在探索的问题。“我创作这个主题的作品并不是想要自娱自乐，我希望通过我的插画让更多人能够直视性别歧视这个问题。”
Zhang admits that her decision to create this series is naturally relevant to her own identity as a female. “It doesn’t matter if it’s male discrimination towards women or women’s self-deprecating attitudes towards themselves. Traditional Chinese society hasn’t addressed these topics and most people will choose to ignore or avoid them.”
So this begs the question, how do you create a discourse around gender inequality and encourage more people to participate in the discussion? These are the questions that Zhang attempts to answer through her series: “I didn’t create this series out of enjoyment. I hope that my illustrations will allow more people to become aware that these kinds of issues exist.”
[姯 guāng] Meaning: 1. Female name in ancient China 2. Feminine beauty
其实人跟树一样，都是向往高处的阳光，它的根就越要伸往黑暗的地底。
"People are just like trees, the higher you grow towards the sun, the deeper your roots penetrate into the darkness."
[姯 guāng] Meaning: 1. Female name in ancient China 2. Feminine beauty
即使时代黑暗，我也有权利去期待一种照明，这种照明未必来自理论和观念。而是源于明灭不定，常常很微弱的光。
"Even if we live in a dark age, I still have the right to hope for light. This hope doesn’t come from theories or ideas, and whether it comes from the dark or the light is uncertain. Regardless, the light is often dim."
[媣 rǎn] Meaning: Arrange
这被染了色的水，蒙住了我的双眼。我不停的游不停的游，却永远游不到那自由的彼岸。
"This water has been dyed, it’s blinded my vision, I keep on swimming, but I can never reach the shore of freedom."
“我相信，性别歧视这类问题必须以自身出发，在中国几千年的男权思想影响下，女性只能靠自己的努力来争取社会地位和认可……只有开始做到直视歧视问题，才能分析环境，解决问题，从而改变现状。”
“Throughout thousands of years of a patriarchal society in China, women have depended on their own efforts to improve their positions and gain respect,” Zhang comments. “[…] I believe that to make progress on the issue of gender inequality, we can only begin with ourselves. Only after we realize that the problem exists can we begin to analyze the situation, work at these problems, and begin to implement change.”
[婘 quán] Meaning: Ancient word representing concern, wife and children, and relatives
我有一头茂密的卷发。
"I have a head full of curly hair."
其实正如张雅岚所关心的问题一样，“女”字作为汉字中最大的偏旁部首之一，其中代指女性第三人称的“她”字，却直到20世纪上半叶随着现代汉语的普及才真正诞生。但特指女性的代词是否能够体现女性地位的平等？还是在某种程度上再次割裂了男女性别呢？
也许“她”字所引发的女性社会地位之争，正如所有“女”旁汉字的所面临的相同，唯有从汉字的构造和词义解读中才得以窥见一斑。
Although nǚ is one of the most common character components in the Chinese language, a pronoun specifically for referencing females did not become widely adopted until the early 20th century. But does this etymological evolution truly help us advance towards gender equality? Or on some level, is it only widening the divide between men and women?
From the connotative qualities of words formed with nǚ to the late adoption of gender-specific pronouns, a close examination of the Chinese written language is a revealing look at how gender inequality still remains a prevailing issue around the world.
[妓 jì] Meaning: 1. Whore 2. In ancient times, courtesan
我身上总是粘哒哒的，我用水不断的冲洗自己，想要摆脱却永远也摆脱不掉了。
"My body is always sticky and dirty. I wash myself with water but it does nothing."
[姓 xìng] Meaning: 1. Family name 2. The common people
星星和月亮陪着我，我把你生下来，我喂养着你，你的姓却不是我的姓。
"The stars and the moon are with me, I gave birth to you, I nurtured you, but your family name is not my name.”
[妚 fǒu] Meaning: Female elegance
我抬头望着你，眼泪直流。
"I raise my head to look at you, with tears dripping from my eyes."
了解更多关于张雅岚的信息，请点击“阅读原文”。
To find out more about Zhang Yalan, click "阅读原文" below.
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