用 Cocos Creator 制作平台跳跃游戏
平台跳跃类游戏如《超级马里奥》《Celeste蔚蓝》等,非常考验玩家的操作和判断,有着非常本真的游戏乐趣。这类游戏乍一看,挺容易做的,但是要做好却不太容易。今天,我将使用 Cocos Creator v2.1.2 演示如何灵活快速地使用 Cocos Creator 来制作这类经典的横版平台跳跃类游戏,主要目的是帮助大家熟悉组件的用法,横版游戏实现方法很多,这里不做讨论!
为了方便大家阅读,蓝色文字为参考链接,统一放在文末,敬请留意!
游戏效果预览
美术资源来自互联网
游戏场景设计
参考《超级玛丽》的世界观,我们先在[节点管理器]构建我们的世界节点树,我们添加了摄像机,游戏背景层,世界根节点,地图节点,角色节点。
1.添加摄像机(Main Camera)
摄像机作为玩家观察游戏世界的窗口,Cocos Creator 默认会自动为场景分配一个[摄像机],我们无需手动添加。
2.添加世界根节点(World Root)
添加一个空节点,用于放置游戏内的物体节点。
(1)创建脚本 world.ts 并拖入节点属性面板,用于配置游戏世界参数,比如设置重力加速度 G 的值。
(2)创建脚本 lookat.ts 并拖入节点属性面板,根据 Player 节点的位置同步世界视角。
全局配置 world.ts 代码:
const {ccclass, property} = cc._decorator;
@ccclass
export default class CWorld extends cc.Component {
@property()
WorldFallG: number = 0;
@property()
WorldWalkA: number = 0;
static G: number = 0;
static WalkA: number = 0;
// LIFE-CYCLE CALLBACKS:
onLoad () {
CWorld.G = this.WorldFallG;
CWorld.WalkA = this.WorldWalkA;
}
start () {
// enable Collision System
cc.director.getCollisionManager().enabled = true;
cc.director.getCollisionManager().enabledDebugDraw = true;
cc.director.getCollisionManager().enabledDrawBoundingBox = true;
}
// update (dt) {}
}
世界视角控制 lookat.ts 代码:
const { ccclass, property } = cc._decorator;
@ccclass
export default class NewClass extends cc.Component {
@property(cc.Node)
target: cc.Node = null;
@property(cc.Node)
map: cc.Node = null;
boundingBox: cc.Rect = null;
screenMiddle: cc.Vec2 = null;
minX: number = 0;
maxX: number = 0;
minY: number = 0;
maxY: number = 0;
isRun: boolean = true;
// LIFE-CYCLE CALLBACKS:
onLoad() {
this.boundingBox = new cc.Rect(0, 0, this.map.width, this.map.height);
let winsize = cc.winSize;
this.screenMiddle = new cc.Vec2(winsize.width / 2, winsize.height / 2);
this.minX = -(this.boundingBox.xMax - winsize.width);
this.maxX = this.boundingBox.xMin;
this.minY = -(this.boundingBox.yMax - winsize.height);
this.maxY = this.boundingBox.yMin;
}
update() {
if (!this.isRun)
return;
let pos = this.node.convertToWorldSpaceAR(cc.Vec2.ZERO);
let targertPos = this.target.convertToWorldSpaceAR(cc.Vec2.ZERO);
let dis = pos.sub(targertPos);
let dest = this.screenMiddle.add(dis);
dest.x = cc.misc.clampf(dest.x, this.minX, this.maxX);
dest.y = this.minY;
this.node.position = this.node.parent.convertToNodeSpaceAR(dest);
}
}
3.添加角色(Player)
我们控制的游戏主角节点,作为游戏世界视角的焦点。
4.添加地图(Tiled Map)
将[Tiled](支持 TiledMap v1.0) 制作好的地图资源 level01,拖入到世界节点下面,自动会生成地图节点,这时候可以查看展开的 TiledMap 地图层级。
根据 TiledMap 设计的物体类型,需要对物体进行实例化,我们创建 waorldmap.ts 脚本来完成这个工作,下图是我们已配置的地图层级和物体的 Prefab 资源。
地图对象的实例化,分为几步:
实例化类型对应的 Prefab 资源
设置碰撞组
设置物体大小
添加碰撞组件
设置物体的类型标签
在 waorldmap.ts 中,水对象的实例化过程如下:
// get waters layer and traverse all water objects.
var waters = this.worldMap.getObjectGroup(this.waterLayerName);
for (var i = 1; i < 8; i++) {
var waterName = 'water' + i;
var waterBlock = waters.getObject(waterName);
var waterNode = cc.instantiate(this.ColliderPreName);
// set group name for Collider System.
waterNode.group = 'water';
// set size
waterNode.width = waterBlock.width;
waterNode.height = waterBlock.height;
waterNode.x = waterBlock.x;
waterNode.y = waterBlock.y - waterBlock.height;
// add collider component.
waterNode.addComponent(cc.BoxCollider);
waterNode.getComponent(cc.BoxCollider).size = cc.size(waterNode.width, waterNode.height);
waterNode.getComponent(cc.BoxCollider).offset =
new cc.Vec2(waterNode.width / 2, -waterNode.height / 2);
// set tag for check when collision.
waterNode.getComponent(cc.BoxCollider).tag = 6;
this.node.addChild(waterNode);
}
5.添加碰撞规则
世界物体包含了角色,地面,方块,金币,甲壳虫,水,蘑菇,创建碰撞组和碰撞组来约束物体彼此之间碰撞规则。
6.游戏物体设计
游戏物体会根据本身的特性去进行分类做成预制体,预制体根据物体特性,添加下面内容:
碰撞特性
动作表现
音效表现
行为控制脚本
7.物体 Prefab 制作
例如下面是甲壳虫的资源目录,包含了甲壳虫动画文件 beetle_anim,预制体资源 beetle_node,皮肤文件 beetle_skin,行为控制脚本 beetle_script。
给甲壳虫预制体添加动作组件
给甲壳虫预制体添加碰撞组件
给甲壳虫预制体添加脚本组件,设置了移动速度,缩放系数,音效等属性
下面是制作甲壳虫脚本,用于碰撞检测和行为控制:
const { ccclass, property } = cc._decorator;
@ccclass
export default class enemy extends cc.Component {
@property()
speed: cc.Vec2 = new cc.Vec2(0, 0);
@property
scaleX: number = 1;
@property
canMove: boolean = true;
@property({type: cc.AudioClip})
dieAudio: cc.AudioClip = null;
anim: cc.Animation = null;
// LIFE-CYCLE CALLBACKS:
onLoad() {
this.node.scaleX = 1;
this.anim = this.getComponent(cc.Animation);
}
start() {
}
// onCollisionEnter overrated
onCollisionEnter(other, self) {
if (other.tag == 5) {
this.turn();
this.speed.x = -this.speed.x;
}
var otherAabb = other.world.aabb;
var otherPreAabb = other.world.preAabb.clone();
var selfAabb = self.world.aabb;
var selfPreAabb = self.world.preAabb.clone();
selfPreAabb.y = selfAabb.y;
otherPreAabb.y = otherAabb.y;
if (cc.Intersection.rectRect(selfPreAabb, otherPreAabb)) {
if (selfPreAabb.yMax < otherPreAabb.yMax && other.node.group == 'player') {
this.todie();
}
}
}
todie() {
cc.audioEngine.play(this.dieAudio, false, 1);
this.anim.play('beetled');
this.canMove = false;
this.node.height = this.node.height * 0.3;
this.node.runAction(cc.fadeOut(.5));
this.scheduleOnce(function () {
this.node.removeFromParent();
}, 0.5);
}
update(dt) {
if (this.canMove) {
this.node.x -= this.speed.x * dt;
}
}
turn() {
this.node.scaleX = -this.node.scaleX;
}
}
8.角色逻辑设计
作为游戏的核心,角色的行为设计是比较复杂,主要分为控制事件和碰撞事件两部分。
(1)控制事件处理
onLoad() {
cc.systemEvent.on(cc.SystemEvent.EventType.KEY_DOWN, this.onKeyDown, this);
cc.systemEvent.on(cc.SystemEvent.EventType.KEY_UP, this.onKeyUp, this);
}
onDestroy() {
cc.systemEvent.off(cc.SystemEvent.EventType.KEY_DOWN, this.onKeyDown, this);
cc.systemEvent.off(cc.SystemEvent.EventType.KEY_UP, this.onKeyUp, this);
}
onKeyDown(event) {
switch (event.keyCode) {
case cc.macro.KEY.a:
case cc.macro.KEY.left:
this.playerLeft();
break;
case cc.macro.KEY.d:
case cc.macro.KEY.right:
this.playerRight();
break;
case cc.macro.KEY.w:
case cc.macro.KEY.up:
this.playerUp();
break;
case cc.macro.KEY.down:
case cc.macro.KEY.s:
this.playerDown();
break;
}
}
onKeyUp(event) {
switch (event.keyCode) {
case cc.macro.KEY.a:
case cc.macro.KEY.left:
case cc.macro.KEY.d:
case cc.macro.KEY.right:
this.noLRControlPlayer();
break;
case cc.macro.KEY.up:
case cc.macro.KEY.w:
this.noUpControlPlayer();
break;
case cc.macro.KEY.s:
case cc.macro.KEY.down:
this.noDownControlPlayer();
break;
}
}
(2)碰撞事件处理
物体对象在实例化时候分配了物体类型标签,下面代码根据标签来指派不同的碰撞逻辑。
onCollisionEnter(other, self) {
if (this.touchingNumber == 0) {
if (this.buttonIsPressed)
this.player_walk();
else
this.player_idle();
}
switch (other.tag) {
case 1://coin.tag = 1
this.collisionCoinEnter(other, self);
break;
case 2://bonusblock6.tag = 2
case 3://breakableWall = 3
case 7: //bonusblock6withMushroom.tag = 7
this.collisionBonusWallEnter(other, self);
break;
case 4://enemy.tag = 4
this.collisionEnemyEnter(other, self);
break;
case 5://platform.tag = 5
this.collisionPlatformEnter(other, self);
break;
case 6://water.tag = 6
this.collisionWaterEnter(other, self);
break;
case 8://mushroom.tag = 8
this.collisionMushroomEnter(other, self);
break;
}
}
角色与地面的碰撞处理:
collisionPlatformEnter(other, self) {
this.touchingNumber++;
this.jumpCount = 0;
var otherAabb = other.world.aabb;
var otherPreAabb = other.world.preAabb.clone();
var selfAabb = self.world.aabb;
var selfPreAabb = self.world.preAabb.clone();
selfPreAabb.x = selfAabb.x;
otherPreAabb.x = otherAabb.x;
if (cc.Intersection.rectRect(selfPreAabb, otherPreAabb)) {
if (this._speed.x < 0 && (selfPreAabb.xMax > otherPreAabb.xMax)) {
this.node.x += Math.floor(Math.abs(otherAabb.xMax - selfAabb.xMin));
this.collisionX = -1;
}
else if (this._speed.x > 0 && (selfPreAabb.xMin < otherPreAabb.xMin)) {
this.node.x -= Math.floor(Math.abs(otherAabb.xMin - selfAabb.xMax));
this.collisionX = 1;
} else if (this._speed.x == 0 && (selfPreAabb.xMax == otherPreAabb.xMin)) {
this.isFallDown = true;
}
this._speed.x = 0;
other.touchingX = true;
return;
}
selfPreAabb.y = selfAabb.y;
otherPreAabb.y = otherAabb.y;
if (cc.Intersection.rectRect(selfPreAabb, otherPreAabb)) {
if (this._speed.y < 0 && (selfPreAabb.yMax > otherPreAabb.yMax)) {
this.node.y = otherPreAabb.yMax - this.node.parent.y;
this.isJumping = false;
this.collisionY = -1;
}
else if (this._speed.y > 0 && (selfPreAabb.yMin < otherPreAabb.yMin)) {
cc.audioEngine.play(this.hit_block_Audio, false, 1);
this.node.y = otherPreAabb.yMin - selfPreAabb.height - this.node.parent.y;
this.collisionY = 1;
}
this._speed.y = 0;
other.touchingY = true;
}
this.isWallCollisionCount++;
}
角色与敌人的碰撞:
collisionEnemyEnter(other, self) {
// 1st step
// get pre aabb, go back before collision
var otherAabb = other.world.aabb;
var otherPreAabb = other.world.preAabb.clone();
var selfAabb = self.world.aabb;
var selfPreAabb = self.world.preAabb.clone();
// 2nd step
// forward x-axis, check whether collision on x-axis
selfPreAabb.x = selfAabb.x;
otherPreAabb.x = otherAabb.x;
if (cc.Intersection.rectRect(selfPreAabb, otherPreAabb)) {
if (this._life == 2) {
cc.audioEngine.play(this.player_decrease_Audio, false, 1);
var actionBy = cc.scaleBy(1, 3 / 5);
this.node.runAction(actionBy);
this._life--;
} else if (this._life == 1) {
this.anim.play("player_die");
this.rabbitDieJump();
this.OverNodeLoad();
return;
}
if (this._speed.x < 0 && (selfPreAabb.xMax > otherPreAabb.xMax)) {
this.node.x += Math.floor(Math.abs(otherAabb.xMax - selfAabb.xMin));
this.collisionX = -1;
}
else if (this._speed.x > 0 && (selfPreAabb.xMin < otherPreAabb.xMin)) {
this.node.x -= Math.floor(Math.abs(otherAabb.xMin - selfAabb.xMax));
this.collisionX = 1;
}
this._speed.x = 0;
other.touchingX = true;
return;
}
// 3rd step
// forward y-axis, check whether collision on y-axis
selfPreAabb.y = selfAabb.y;
otherPreAabb.y = otherAabb.y;
if (cc.Intersection.rectRect(selfPreAabb, otherPreAabb)) {
if (this._speed.y < 0 && (selfPreAabb.yMax > otherPreAabb.yMax)) {
this.rabbitJump();
return;
}
if (this._speed.y > 0 && (selfPreAabb.yMax < otherPreAabb.yMax)) {
if (this._life == 2) {
var actionBy = cc.scaleBy(1, 3 / 5);
this.node.runAction(actionBy);
this._life--;
} else if (this._life == 1) {
this.anim.play("player_die");
this.rabbitDieJump();
this.OverNodeLoad();
return;
}
}
this._speed.y = 0;
other.touchingY = true;
}
this.isWallCollisionCount++;
}
本教程旨在讲解如何使用 Cocos Creator 编辑器来设计一款横版平台跳跃闯关类游戏,运用 Creator 的组件化思想,减少代码的使用,提供开发效率。所涉及资源来自网络,请勿用于商业目的。
源码下载:
https://github.com/xianyinchen/creator_teach
在学习和使用 Cocos Creator 过程中有什么问题和建议,欢迎移步至 Cocos 中文社区进行交流!
复制链接至浏览器中即可打开
Cocos 中文社区:
https://forum.cocos.com/t/creator/47112
Cocos Creator 下载:
https://www.cocos.com/creator
TileMap
https://docs.cocos.com/creator/manual/en/asset-workflow/tiledmap.html
Prefab
https://docs.cocos.com/creator/manual/en/asset-workflow/prefab.html
Keyboard Event
https://docs.cocos.com/creator/manual/en/scripting/player-controls.html#keyboard-events
Atlas
https://docs.cocos.com/creator/manual/en/asset-workflow/atlas.html
节点管理
https://docs.cocos.com/creator/manual/en/content-workflow/node-tree.html
摄像机
https://docs.cocos.com/creator/manual/en/render/camera.html
Tiled
https://www.mapeditor.org/
如果您在使用 Cocos Creator 的过程中,获得了独到的开发心得、见解或是方法,并且乐于分享出来,帮助更多开发者解决技术问题,加速游戏开发效率,期待您与我们联系!
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