【手工艺#Handicrafts】原野计划@创意双城匠心造物展亮相第82届佛罗伦萨国际手工艺博览会
第82届佛罗伦萨国际手工艺博览会
International Handicrafts Trade Fair in Florence
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2018年4月21日-5月1日
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意大利佛罗伦萨要塞城堡
21 Apr-01 May 2018
Fortezza da Basso, Florence, Italy
意大利佛罗伦萨国际手工艺博览会是意大利历史最悠久的手工艺博览会，始创于1931年春天。在佛罗伦萨中心的要塞城堡，手工博览会已经成为文化与艺术、传统工艺与创新交流和碰撞的独一无二的场所。
The International Handicrafts Trade Fair has taken place in Florence in spring since 1931. In the very central fortress called Fortezza da Basso, the Trade Fair is the place where culture and art, artisan tradition and new creative flairs meet and take shape to become unique.
展览亮点 Higlight
55,000平方米展出面积，50个国家，800家展商，325家国际展商，140,000名专业观众。
The numbers of the fair organized on an exhibition area of 55,000 square meters are the following: 800 exhibitors, 50 represented countries, 140,000 visitors, with the most varied sectors of handicraft.
开放时间 Opening times
4月21日-30日（10:00-22:30）
5月1日（10:00-20:00）
*每晚19点后免费入场
Every day from 10 am to 10.30 pm on the last day, open from 10 am to 8 pm.
*From 7.00 pm every day: free entry.
本次展览，创意双城作为主办方邀请的来自于中国的机构，特别呈现了精湛的东方手工技艺。原野计划也将展示来自于四川、云南、广西和内蒙古乡村/牧区项目所在地的手工艺。
Creative City is invited by the organizer and will represent great handicrafts of China at CRAFT x DESIGN WEEK in the Fair, as one part of this show, MIN Project will aslo introduce traditional handicrafts from four areas of China's countryside.
展位 Booth
右侧绿色的大厅内。
Located in the green hall on the right.
原野计划板块 MIN Project Section
中国传统乡村手工艺
Traditional Handicrafts in China’s Countryside
四川省阿坝州茂县太平乡牛尾村
羌族
Niuwei Village, Mao County, Sichuan
Qiang Minority
羌族是中国西部的一个古老民族，自称“日麦”、“尔玛”，被称为“云朵上的民族”。著名人类学家、社会学家费孝通先生称古羌人是“一个向外输血的民族”。古羌人是华夏民族的重要组成部分，传说五千年前的农业始祖“神农氏”（炎帝）来自羌族的姜氏，最早的文字甲骨文上也多处有“羌”字出现。在历史演变中，羌族与其他土著居民不断融合，衍生出汉藏语系藏缅语族的14个民族。这个古老而伟大的民族所经历的沧桑在世界上是少有的。
Qiang is an ancient nation in western China. Qiang people claim themselves to be “Rimai” or “Erma”. It was also called as the nation beyond theclouds. Mr. FEI Xiaotong, the well-known anthropologist and sociologist,described the ancient Qiang as a nation transfusing outwards. Ancient Qiang isan important component of Chinese nation. It is said that the Shennong (the Emperor of the Five Grains) who has been thought to have taught the ancientChinese their practices of agriculture came from Clan Jiang of Qiang. “羌”（the Chinesecharacter for Qiang）has also been discovered in textswritten in old Chinese – oracle bone inscriptions. In the history, Qiang fusedwith the other aboriginals, deriving 14 nations belonging to the Tibeto-Burmanlinguistic group of sino-Tibetan language family. The vicissitudes undergone by Qiang is rarely seen in the world.
目前羌族人口为30万左右，其中茂县占一半以上。茂县的自然环境还未遭受太多破坏和污染，牛尾村寨甚至保留了具有千年历史的神树林。但羌民的语言、建筑、民俗等特色却在迅速遗失，进城务工和学校的普通话教育让更多的羌族年轻一代丧失了羌语的听说能力，这阻碍了多声部，沙朗和跳甲等传统羌族歌舞的传承。
Currently, the population of Qiang isapproximately 300,000. County Mao owns more than half of the population. MaoCounty has not suffered a lot from the environmental pollution or damages yet.Niuwei Valley even keeps the Devine Forest with a history of thousand years.However, Qiang’s language, architectural styles, as well as the costumes aredisappearing rapidly. The younger generation has lost the listening andspeaking ability of Qiang language due to rural-urban labour migration andmandarin education in school. This hinders the heritage of folksongs and dancesincluding annotation, Shalang as well as Tiaojia.
云南省怒江州贡山县丙中洛镇
怒族/傈僳族
Binzhongluo Town, Yunnan
Nu/Lisu Minority
云南省怒江州贡山独龙族怒族自治县丙中洛镇曾经是茶马古道的必经之地。这里虽然山川奇特、景物秀美，是著名的生物多样性基因库；但是由于地处边远，现代交通不便，因而人们生活贫困不堪、教育水平低下，且现有的发展模式多为掠夺式地对自然环境的破坏，可能导致当地社区的边缘化和对主流社会的依赖性。虽然人口很少，可是丙中洛非常的多元化。丙中洛主要有怒族，傈僳族，藏族和独龙族四个民族，还有少量外来其他民族。各个民族之间相处融洽、通婚很常见，因此常常有一家人四个民族俱全的情形。不仅如此，大部分丙中洛的村民都会说三四种语言、会唱其他民族的歌曲、跳其他民族的舞蹈、熟知并尊敬其他民族的风俗习惯。
Bingzhongluo Town, located in Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County,Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, was the only way one must pass in the Ancient Tea Horse Road. There are wonderful mountains and rivers, and beautiful scenery. It is also a famous biodiversity gene pool. However, as it is remoteand transportation is inconvenient, local people live a poor life and have alow level of education. Their existing development model is mostly predatory which has destructed natural environment. This may lead to the local community marginalization and dependence on the mainstream society. Although Bingzhongluois not populated, it is a very diverse town. There are mainly four ethnicgroups, Nu, Lisu, Tibetan and Derung, as well as a small number of foreignethnic groups. They all live in harmony and intermarriage is very common. Afamily made up of four ethnic groups is not rare to be seen. Most of the villagers here can speak three to four languages, can sing songs from otherethnic groups, can dance in the way other ethnic groups do, and are familiar with and respect the customs of other groups.
多民族的丙中洛还以多宗教共存著名，号称“人神共居”。藏传佛教在18世纪传入丙中洛，怒江州唯一一个藏传佛教寺院普化寺就坐落在丙中洛的东风村，主要信徒为藏族和怒族，也有少量傈僳族。天主教由法国传教士于19世纪传入当地，主要成员为藏族和怒族。基督教在20世纪初传入当地，主要成员为傈僳族和独龙族。除此以外，本土鬼神信仰依然存在，为村民提供不同的对宇宙的想象空间。各个宗教都有自己的传统节日和风俗习惯，但是并不造成当地不同宗教社区的竞争，在各种村落仪式中，各宗教都会参与。这是丙中洛独特的人文风景线。
Bingzhongluo is not only famous for its multi-ethnics, but also formulti-religions. It is called a place where “people and divinity live together."Tibetan Buddhism was introduced here in the 18th century. The only one Tibetan Buddhist temple in Nujiang Prefecture, Puhua Temple, is located in the middleof the Dongfeng village in Bingzhongluo Town. Its main believers are theTibetans and Nu people, as well as a small number of Lisu people. Catholicism wasbrought here by the French missionaries in the 19th century and the mainmembers are the Tibetans and Nu families. Christianity came in the early 20thcentury and the main members are the Lisu and Derung people. Apart from them, localghosts and beliefs also have a place. They provide villagers with space for imaginationof the universe. All religions have their own traditional festivals andcustoms, but different local religious communities do not compete. It is aunique cultural scene that in Binzhongluo Town religious communities participate in various village ceremonies.
广西省三江侗族自治县
侗族／六甲人（汉族）
San Jiang County, Guangxi
Dong(Kam) Minority/ Liujia(Han)
广西三江侗族自治县地处三省交界地带，毗邻贵州和湖南。侗族占全县总人口57%，约19.2万人。侗族有自己的民族服饰和民居，建筑以鼓楼和风雨桥而出名。境内有最古老的程阳桥，是历史上有名的永济桥，建于1912年，是侗寨风雨桥的代表作，也是目前保存最好的风雨桥。
Sanjiang Kam Autonomous County in Guangxi Province is located in theboarder of three provinces, next to Guizhou Province and Hunan Province. Kampeople accounts for 57% population of the whole county, around 192,000. Theyhave their own ethnic clothes and houses. Drum towers and wind and rain bridgesare two renowned types of constructions. The representative work of wind andrain bridges, also the best kept one, is the ancient Chengyang Bridge in thiscounty. Also known as Yongji Bridge, it was built in 1912.
侗族喜欢吃糯米饭，吃酸，如酸鱼、酸肉，喜欢打油茶，香飘万里。民族风情浓郁，善歌善舞，侗族大歌和侗族刺绣都是属于国家非物质文化遗产，还有农民画、百家宴、芦笙踩堂等文化活动。
Kam people like to eat sticky rice and sour food, including sour fish andsour meat. They also like buttered tea, one can smell it from a distance. KamMinority has rich ethnical customs. People there are good at dancing andsinging. Kam Grand Choirs and their embroidery have been listed by UNESCO as aworld-class intangible cultural heritage. There are also many culturalactivities, like farmer paintings, Hundred-Family Banquet, and dancing Caitangto Lusheng music.
三江侗族面临的问题是文化传承很难维系下去，大部分年轻人都出去打工了，年轻一代也慢慢失去母语，因为在外面都说普通话。留守村子的大部分是老年人。
One of the problems Sanjiang Kam Minority faces is the difficulty ofculture inheritance. Most young people go out for work and only speak Mandarin,they gradually lose their mother tongue, while those who stay in the villagesare elderly people.
内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗
蒙古族
East Ujimqin Banner, Inner Mongolia
Mongolian minority
“乌珠穆沁”系蒙古语，意为葡萄山之人。1636年，乌珠穆沁部落自今蒙古国赛音乌拉盖省的乌珠穆沁（葡萄）山迁至内蒙古锡林郭勒盟的乌拉盖内流河水系周边草原驻牧。乌珠穆沁草原位于我国内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟东北部，是世界四大草原之一——内蒙古锡林郭勒草原的典型区域，自然植被包括东北部的森林，东部的高草草甸，以及西部的典型草原。这里草原风貌保存完整，是唯一汇集内蒙古九大类型草原的地区，号称中国北方草原最华丽、最壮美的地段，素有“天堂草原”之美称。
Ujimqin refers to people from the Grape Mountain in Mongolian. In 1636, Ujimqintribe moved from the Ujimqin (Grape) Mountain in today’s Mongolia to rivers in Wulagai,Xilinguole, Inner Mongolia for grazing. Wulagai Steppe is in the north east of Xilinguoleof Inner Mongolia, a typical area in Xilinguole Steppe, one of the four steppesin the world. There are forests in the north-east part, Kobresia meadow in theeast, and typical steppe in the west. It is well preserved and is the only areawhere there are all nine types of prairies of Inner Mongolia. It claims itselfas the most beautiful and magnificent grassland in northern China and has thereputation of "Paradise-like Grassland".
该地区也是内蒙古自治区蒙古族文化习俗保存最完整的地区，又是北方游牧民族的主要繁盛福地，传统的蒙古搏克、悠扬的乌珠穆沁长调、斑斓的乌珠穆沁服饰、古老的游牧文明，展示了源远流长的乌珠穆沁文化。
This is also an area where Inner Mongolian traditions and customs arewell preserved. As a prosperous and blessed place for northern nomadic people,it displays long-standing culture of Ujimqin, which includes traditionalMongolian wrestling, melodious Ujimqin long tune, colorful local clothes andancient nomadic culture.
近年来中国北方地区的沙尘暴其实也和乌珠穆沁草原羊肉销路不佳有关，通常国外进口的牛羊肉到岸价格普遍便宜，收购商一直压低当地牧民的价格。到了旱季，没有充裕资金购买粮草给牛羊，继续啃食草根只能破坏草原植被，沙尘暴自然越发严重。
Poor sales of Ujimqin mutton has also contributed to sand storms innorthern China in the recent years. Since buyers kept pressing down the ratefor local herdsmen as CIF prices for imported beef and mutton have been relativelylow, herdsmen could not afford grains and grass in dry seasons and could onlylet cattle and sheep chew on grass roots and destroy vegetation. Sandstorms arethus becoming more alarming.
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支持单位 Supported by
内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗妇女联合会
四川省阿坝州茂县太平乡人民政府
广西省三江侗族自治县人民政府
中华民族艺术珍品馆
学术支持 Academic Advisor
张晖 Hui Zhang
编辑 Editor
张炜莹 Winnie Zhang
设计 Designed by
迟雪霏 Winnie Chi | 蔡迪迪 Deedee Cai
信息来源 Source
侯井榕 Hou Jingrong | 吴科萍 Keping Wu
李昂 Ang Li | 单丹 Dan Shan
印刷 Printed by
豪靓印务 HOLIA Print
主办方 Organizor
创意双城是由创意城市团队自2010年起在意大利和英国搭建创新、设计领域的国际合作交流平台。采用“走出去”与“引进来”相结合的方式，通过企业孵化、展览展示、商务对接、短期工作坊、产业培训等，为中外、官方与民间的创新交流合作提供服务、搭建平台。
Creative Twin Cities is an international cooperation and exchange platform for the areas of innovation and design established by the team of Shanghai Creativity City Technology Development Co., Ltd. in Italy and UK since 2010. By adopting the combined mode of “go global” and “bring in”, it provides service and establishes the platform for the innovative exchange and cooperation between China and foreign countries, and between official and private communities through enterprise incubation, exhibition, business interface, short-term workshop and industrial training.
2017年，由团队运营的“中英创新中心”与“中意创新中心”项目已被纳入联合国工业发展组织全球科技创新网络。未来将以上海、意大利和英国基地为核心，建立中国与欧洲其他国家在文化创意、生物医疗、教育、人工智能、金融科技、绿色环保、新零售等领域的项目合作渠道，为引进知名企业、带动国际资源与国内外企业落地对接提供全方位的服务。
In 2017, the projects “UK China Innovation Center” and “SinoItalian Innovation Center” operated by the team became the member ofUnited Nations Industrial Development Organization Global Science&Technology Innovation Network. In the future, it will take Shanghai, Italy and UK as its network bases, establish the collaborative channels for the areas of cultural& creativity, biomedicine, education, artificial intelligence, financial technology, green environmental protection and new retail between China and European countries, together with full range of services for attractinginternational well-known enterprises, and connecting international resources with domestic and foreign enterprises.
原野计划由各行业不同背景的志愿者组成，调研落后地区乡村，结合当地自然和文化遗产，搭建和外界资源合作的平台，孵化社会企业项目帮助当地居民改善物质和文化生活。
Supported by the volunteers from different backgrounds, MIN Project explores local natural and cultural heritages in the underdeveloped countryside by establishing a platform for integrated resources. By relying on this platform, MIN Project initiates social enterprises to improve the local residents' life quality.