169. Don't let yesterday use up too much of today. 感动中国十二个杰出人物的感人故事读后感 洪战辉,多熟悉的名字！我慢慢地回忆着，在大脑的记忆库里搜寻着关于他的资料……对了，他的名字曾在我的一本书上出现过，当时我就在想这是一位多么了不起的大哥哥啊！今天我捧着《感动中国》这本书，再一次缓缓地咀嚼着这些关于洪战辉的故事…… 12岁的洪战辉,面对的是怎样的一切:父亲患上了间歇性精神病,病发的某一天，他摔死了妹妹，并将哭喊的妈妈踹出门外。选择逃离的妈妈将整个家的负担全“丢”在了洪战辉的肩膀上…… 这一切我连想都不敢想，可洪战辉却勇敢地直面这一切！他没有自暴自弃！他没有眼睁睁地看着这个家垮掉！这些年里他总是不断地对自己说：坚强一点,站起来! 在那些艰苦的日子里，洪战辉也受到过许多好心人的资助，但他总是设法谢绝。他深深地知道，生活的路非常漫长，自己的事情自己做，自己的道路自己闯，别人能帮一时，但只有自己才能决定终生。十几年来，洪战辉既要每天照顾生病的父亲、弟弟和父亲捡来的小妹妹，又要利用少得可怜的时间断断续续地完成自己的学业；他既要下地种粮种菜，又要站街卖日用品卖学习用具……也许，是他所做的一切打动了上天,爸爸的病情稳定了,弟弟妹妹长得健康可爱,他自己还考上了大学！坚强一点，站起来！当你受到打击或是遇到困难的时候，千万不要泄气。一定记得像洪战辉那样对自己多说几声“坚强一点，站起来！”而每当自己有了小小的成绩时也要像洪战辉那样记得给自己一个灿烂的微笑。也许你会说：说说容易做做难啊！可是古今中外,象洪战辉这样无论多么困难都永不放弃的人不在少数啊!凿壁偷光读书的匡衡，卧薪尝胆的勾贱，从富家子弟变成落魄文人却终于写成《红楼梦》的曹雪芹，承受了耳聋的打击却终于写成了《 第九交响曲》的伟大音乐家贝多芬，从小失去父亲家庭贫困却自学成才的伟大文学家高尔基……他们也和洪战辉一样，曾经伤心过，害怕过，可最终他们凭着顽强的毅力，靠着永不放弃的信念，做到了别人做不到的，让自己的人生变得那样绚丽多彩！让我们回忆一下：小时，我们——父母掌心里的宝贝们在学走路的样子：“嗒！”一不小心，摔倒在地。爸爸妈妈总是赶忙来扶，可我们总是迅速地推开带着爱意的大手，口齿不清地说：“我，自己，来！”然后我们会用稚嫩的双手按在地上，肥嘟嘟的小腿收到自己的肚皮前，小屁股撅得高高的，一使劲站了起来。虽晃悠了几下，却终于站起来了终于学会了走路！我们长大了，可是，我们自己的事情自己做了吗？我们是衣来伸手、饭来张口；上学放学书包要爸爸妈妈爷爷奶奶拎着；洗澡水要爸爸妈妈弄好；每天晚上书包要爸爸妈妈来帮忙理好。每天都在爸爸妈妈的催促下，才好不容易完成作业，更别提为父母分担家务了！到了学校，我们也总是贪玩，不是预习没做好，就是上课开小差；不是作业没完成，就是听不懂也不记着问；不是玩闹过头打起了架，就是考试不过关还只怪老师出题太难……我们小时候的那股劲到哪儿去了？是怪爸爸妈妈太过宠爱了？还是他们的教育方法有问题？也许两者都有吧。现在，我们应该知道了，人生的路还长着呢！爸爸妈妈和老师不会扶着我们走一辈子的，这样那样的困难会不期而至。想一想，当我们遇到哪怕像洪战辉那样的困难的十分之一，我们能够克服吗？我们还能微笑吗？还能对自己说一声：“坚强一点，站起来吗？” 从现在起，我们不能再绕着难题走了， 我们更不能一遇到难题就找父母了……让我们向洪战辉学习吧，从“ 自己的事情自己做”开始，在家里我们要学会为父母分担家务，在学校我们要学会攻克难题，学到真本领。只有这样，人生之路上，不管我们碰到怎样的困难，我们都会和洪战辉一样，给自己一个灿烂的微笑，对自己说一声“坚强一点，站起来！”土星的引力比地球强2.5倍，能够牵引太阳系内其它行星，使地球处于一个椭圆轨道中运行，并且与太阳保持适当距离，适宜生命繁衍。当土星轨道倾斜20度将使地球轨道比金星轨道更接近太阳，同时，这将导致火星完全离开太阳系。[52] 土星是已知唯一密度小于水的行星，假如能够将土星放入一个巨大的浴池之中，它将可以漂浮起来。土星有一个巨大的磁气圈和一个狂风肆虐的大气层，赤道附近的风速可达1800千米/时。在环绕土星运行的31颗卫星中间，土卫六是最大的一颗，比水星和月球还大，也是太阳系中唯一拥有浓厚大气层的卫星。[53] 天王星是离太阳第七颗行星，51118km。体积约为地球的65倍，在九大行星中仅次于木星和土星。天王星的大气层中83%是氢，15%为氦，2%为甲烷以及少量的乙炔和碳氢化合物。上层大气层的甲烷吸收红光，使天王星呈现蓝绿色。大气在固定纬度集结成云层，类似于木星和土星在纬线上鲜艳的条状色带。天王星云层的平均温度为零下193摄氏度。质量为8.6810±13×10²⁵kg，相当于地球质量的14.63倍。密度较小，只有1.24克/立方厘米，为海王星密度值的74.7%。[54] 恒星 恒星 海王星是离太阳的第八颗行星，直径49532千米。海王星绕太阳运转的轨道半径为45亿千米，公转一周需要165年。海王星的直径和天王星类似，质量比天王星略大一些。海王星和天王星的主要大气成分都是氢和氦，内部结构也极为相近，所以说海王星与天王星是一对孪生兄弟。[55] 海王星有太阳系最强烈的风，测量到的时速高达2100公里。海王星云顶的温度是－218 °C，是太阳系最冷的地区之一。海王星核心的温度约为7000 °C，可以和太阳的表面比较。海王星在1846年9月23日被发现，是唯一利用数学预测而非有计划的观测发现的行星。[56] 冥王星，位于海王星以外的柯伊伯带内侧，是柯伊伯带中已知的最大天体。[57] 直径约为2370±20km，是地球直径的18.5%。[58] 2006年8月24日，国际天文学联合会大会24日投票决定，不再将传统九大行星之一的冥王星视为行星，而将其列入“矮行星”。大会通过的决议规定，“行星”指的是围绕太阳运转、自身引力足以克服其刚体力而使天体呈圆球状、能够清除其轨道附近其他物体的天体。在太阳系传统的“九大行星”中，只有水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星和海王星符合这些要求。冥王星由于其轨道与海王星的轨道相交，不符合新的行星定义，因此被自动降级为“矮行星”。[59] 冥王星的表面温度大概在-238到-228℃之间。冥王星的成份由70%岩石和30%冰水混合而成的。地表上光亮的部分可能覆盖着一些固体氮以及少量 卫星拍月球经过地球，可见清晰月球背面 卫星拍月球经过地球，可见清晰月球背面 [60] 的固体甲烷和一氧化碳，冥王星表面的黑暗部分可能是一些基本的有机物质或是由宇宙射线引发的光化学反应。冥王星的大气层主要由氮和少量的一氧化碳及甲烷组成。大气极其稀薄，地面压强只有少量微帕。[61] 地球是离太阳第三颗行星，是我们人类的家乡，尽管地球是太阳系中一颗普通的行星，但它在许多方面都是独一无二的。比如，它是太阳系中唯一一颗面积大部分被水覆盖的行星，也是目前所知唯一一颗有生命存在的星球。质量M=5.9742 ×10^24 公斤，表面温度：t = - 30 ～ +45。[62] 英国科研人员在《天体生物学》杂志上报告说，如果没有小行星撞击等可能剧烈改变环境的事件发生，地球适宜人类居住的时间还剩约17.5亿年，不过人为造成的气候变化可能缩短这一时间。[63] 彗星是由灰尘和冰块组成的太阳系中的一类小天体，绕日运动。[64] 科学家使用探测器对彗星的化学遗留物进行分析，发现其主要成份为氨、甲烷、硫化氢、氰化氢和甲醛。科学家得出结论称，彗星的气味闻起来像是臭鸡蛋、马尿、酒精和苦杏仁的气味综合。[65-66] “67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星 “67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星 [67] 在太阳系的周围还包裹着一个庞大的“奥尔特云”。星云内分布着不计其数的冰块、雪团和碎石。其中的某些会受太阳引力影响飞入内太阳系，这学说，在原有的轨道（或称小天体轨道）上又增加了更多的天体运行轨道。这一模式称每颗行星都沿着一个小轨道作圆周运行，而小轨道又沿着该行星的大轨道绕地球作圆周运动。几百年之后，这一模式的漏洞越来越明显。科学家们又在这个模式上增加了许多轨道，行星就这样沿着一道又一道的轨道作圆周运动。哥白尼想用“现代”（16世纪的）技术来改进托勒密的测量结果，以期取消一些小轨道。在长达近20年的时间里，哥白尼不辞辛劳日夜测量行星的位置，但其测量获得的结果仍然与托勒密的天体运行模式没有多少差别。哥白尼想知道在另一个运行着的行星上观察这些行星的运行情况会是什么样的。基于这种设想，哥白尼萌发了一个念头：假如地球在运行中，那么这些行星的运行看上去会是什么情况呢？这一设想在他脑海里变得清晰起来了。一年里，哥白尼在不同的时间、不同的距离从地球上观察行星，每一个行星的情况都不相同，这是他意识到地球不可能位于星星轨道的中心。经过20年的观测，哥白尼发现唯独太阳的周年变化不明显。这意味着地球和太阳的距离始终没有改变。如果地球不是宇宙的中心，那么宇宙的中心就是太阳。的发现才使牛顿有能力确定运动定律和万有引力定律。哥白尼的日心宇宙体系既然是时代的产物，它就不能不受到时代的限制。反对神学的不彻底性，同时表现在哥白尼的某些观点上，他的体系是存在缺陷的。哥白尼所指的宇宙是局限在一个小的范围内的，具体来说，他的宇宙结构就是今天我们所熟知的太阳系，即以太阳为中心的天体系统。宇宙既然有它的中心，就必须有它的边界，哥白尼虽然否定了托勒玫的“九重天”，但他却保留了一层恒星天，尽管他回避了宇宙是否有限这个问题，但实际上他是相信恒星天球是宇宙的“外壳”，他仍然相信天体只能按照所谓完美的圆形轨道运动，所以哥白尼的宇宙体系，仍然包含着不动的中心天体。但是作为近代自然科学的奠基人，哥白尼的历史功绩是伟大的。确认地球不是宇宙的中心，而是行星之一，从而掀起了一场天文学上根本性的革命，是人类探求客观真理道路上的里程碑。哥白尼的伟大成就，不仅铺平了通向近代天文学的道路，而且开创了整个自然界科学向前迈进的新时代。从哥白尼时代起，脱离教会束缚的自然科学和哲学开始获得飞跃的发展。哥白尼的科学成就，是他所处时代的产物，又转过来推动了时代的发展。顺应时代变化 十五、六世纪的欧洲，正是从封建社会向资本主义社会转变的关键时期，在这一二百年间，社会发生了巨大的变化。14世纪ndali soon after. She held out hope, she would later tell family members, sometimes tearing up at the memory, that once they were married, she could get their 别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧，见的世面多了，你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 开心一点吧，管它会怎样。baby boy back. Arthur Schieble died in August 1955, after the adoption was finalized. Just after Christmas that year, Joanne and Abdulfattah were married in St. Philip the Apostle Catholic Church in Green Bay. He got his PhD in international politics the next year, and then they had another child, a girl named Mona. After she and Jandali divorced in 1962, Joanne embarked on a dreamy and peripatetic life that her daughter, who grew up to become the acclaimed novelist Mona Simpson, would capture in her book Anywhere but Here. Because Steve’s adoption had been closed, it would be twenty years before they would all find each other. Steve Jobs knew from an early age that he was adopted. “My parents were very open with me about that,” he recalled. He had a vivid memory of sitting on the lawn of his house, when he was six or seven years old, telling the girl who lived across the street. “So does that mean your real parents didn’t want you?” the girl asked. “Lightning bolts went off in my head,” according to Jobs. “I remember running into the house, crying. And my parents said, ‘No, you have to understand.’ They were very serious and looked me straight in the eye. They said, ‘We specifically picked you out.’ Both of my parents said that and repeated it slowly for me. And they put an emphasis on every word in that sentence.” Abandoned. Chosen. Special. Those concepts became part of who Jobs was and how he regarded himself. His closest friends think that the knowledge that he was given up at birth left some scars. “I think his desire for complete control of whatever he makes derives directly from his personality and the fact that he was abandoned at birth,” said one longtime colleague, Del Yocam. “He wants to control his environment, and he sees the product as an extension of himself.” Greg Calhoun, who became close to Jobs right after college, saw another effect. “Steve talked to me a lot about being abandoned and the pain that caused,” he said. “It made him independent. He followed the beat of a different drummer, and that came from being in a different world than he was born into.” Later in life, when he was the same age his biological father had been when he abandoned him, Jobs would father and abandon a child of his own. (He eventually took responsibility for her.) Chrisann Brennan, the mother of that child, said that being put up for adoption left Jobs “full of broken glass,” and it helps to explain some of his behavior. “He who is abandoned is an abandoner,” she said. Andy Hertzfeld, who worked with Jobs at Apple in the early 1980s, is among the few who remained close to both Brennan and Jobs. “The key question about Steve is why he can’t control himself at times from being so reflexively cruel and harmful to some people,” he said. “That goes back to being abandoned at birth. The real underlying problem was the theme of abandonment in Steve’s life.” Jobs dismissed this. “There’s some notion that because I was abandoned, I worked very hard so I could do well and make my parents wish they had me back, or some such nonsense, but that’s ridiculous,” he insisted. “Knowing I was adopted may have made me feel more independent, but I have never felt abandoned. I’ve always felt special. My parents made me feel special.” He would later bristle whenever anyone referred to Paul and Clara Jobs as his “adoptive” parents or implied that they were not his “real” parents. “They were my parents 1,000%,” he said. When speaking about his biological parents, on the other hand, he was curt: “They were my sperm and egg bank. That’s not harsh, it’s just the way it was, a sperm bank thing, nothing more.” Silicon Valley The childhood that Paul and Clara Jobs created for their new son was, in many ways, a stereotype of the late 1950s. When Steve was two they adopted a girl they named Patty, and three years later they moved to a tract house in the suburbs. The finance company where Paul worked as a repo man, CIT, had transferred him down to its Palo Alto office, but he could not afford to live there, so they landed in a subdivision in Mountain View, a less expensive town just to the south. There Paul tried to pass along his love of mechanics and cars. “Steve, this is your workbench now,” he said as he marked off a section of the table in their garage. Jobs remembered being impressed by his father’s focus on craftsmanship. “I thought my dad’s sense of design was pretty good,” he said, “because he knew how to build anything. If we needed a cabinet, he would build it. When he built our fence, he gave me a hammer so I could work with him.” Fifty years later the fence still surrounds the back and side yards of the house in Mountain View. As Jobs showed it off to me, he caressed the stockade panels and recalled a lesson that his father implanted deeply in him. It was important, his father said, to craft the backs of cabinets and fences properly, even though they were hidden. “He loved doing things right. He even cared about the look of the parts you couldn’t see.” His father continued to refurbish and resell used cars, and he festooned the garage with pictures of his favorites. He would point out the detailing of the design to his son: the lines, the vents, the chrome, the trim of the seats. After work each day, he would change into his dungarees and retreat to the garage, often with Steve tagging along. “I figured I could get him nailed down with a little mechanical ability, but he really wasn’t interested in getting his hands dirty,” Paul later recalled. “He never really cared too much about m189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness. 你必须十分努力，才能看起来毫不费力。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving. 人生就像骑单车，只有不断前进，才能保持平衡。(爱因斯坦) 191. Be thankful for what you have.You'll end up having more. 拥有一颗感恩的心，最终你会得到更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. 美是一种内心的感觉，并反映在你的眼睛里。(索菲亚·罗兰) 193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows. 朋友的作用，就是让你快乐加倍，痛苦减半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you. 当你真心渴望某样东西时，整个宇宙都会来帮忙。echanical things.” “I wasn’t that into fixing cars,” Jobs admitted. “But I was eager to hang out with my dad.” Even as he was growing more aware that he had been adopted, he was becoming more attached to his father. One day when he was about eight, he discovered a photograph of his father from his time in the Coast Guard. “He’s in the engine room, and he’s got his shirt off and looks like James Dean. It was one of those Oh wow moments for a kid. Wow, oooh, my parents were actually once very youn有一句话这样讲道：使人疲惫的往往不是远方的高山，而是你鞋里的一粒沙。的确，使人苦恼的往往不是远大的目标，而是在我们身边的一些不如意的小事。虽然细小琐碎，但却不得不时常面对。 它可能是你偶尔一次小测验的不及格，虽然不会影响你升学，但免不了苦闷一阵；它可能是你走路时不小心摔了一跤，虽然不会导致头破血流，但免不了痛好一会儿；它可能是你和家人的小小口角，虽然不会造成家庭破裂，但免不了彼此冷战一段时间；…… 这一件件不如意的小事堆砌成或大或小的困扰，虽不如远大目标那样另人望而生畏，但却会始终不离不弃地伴随你身边，拖延、甚至改变你前进的步伐。因此，我们只有正确面对生活中的困扰才可能到达成功的彼岸。 微笑面对生活中的困扰。因为不满和愤怒的情绪并不能帮助你解决什么问题，相反会由此波及到其他事情，把一切搞得一团糟。倒不如微笑着面对生活中的困扰，把此当成考验，化为经验，在下次遇见类似情况时便能轻巧地避开，而不是一错再错。 登山的旅人在鞋底进沙后，没有诅咒道路的崎岖，也没有抱怨自己的运气不佳，知识默默地脱下鞋子，把那粒沙子倒了出来。因为他明白，所有的埋怨都是徒劳，现实既不能改变也不能重来，如果赌气继续前进，不仅折磨了自己的脚，还会延迟登顶的时间、甚至会致使自己不能攀登到顶峰。而惟有除sted otherwise, his father said he was crazy. “It can’t work without an amplifier. There’s some trick.” “I kept saying no to my dad, telling him he had to see it, and finally he actually walked down with me and saw it. And he said, ‘Well I’ll be a bat out of hell.’” Jobs recalled the incident vividly because it was his first realization that his father did not know everything. Then a more disconcerting discovery began to dawn on hXiamen, located in Fujian province, is a famous coastal city. It's not only renowned for its natural beauty, but also for its modernization. 厦门位于福建省，是著名的海滨城市。它不仅以其自然美而闻名，而且以其现代化而闻名。As far as I'm concerned, Xiamen is very clean and pretty. In that city, we can enjoy clear sky, beautiful sea, and green tropical plants. I guess living there must be very pleasant. 在我看来，厦门非常干净漂亮。在那样的城市，我们可以欣赏到晴朗的天空、美丽的大海和绿色的热带植物。我猜住在那里一定很愉快。As Xiamen is in the southeast of China and close to the sea, it's neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. It's warm and humid all the year round. But the best seasons to go to Xiamen are both spring and summer. In spring, it never winds so hard, so we can take a walk along the sea and breathe fresh air. As for summer, it's the best season for entertainment. We can go swimming in the sea and feel the soft sea wind on the beach. Perhaps we can find endless pleasure. 因为厦门在中国的东南部，靠近大海，所以其冬天不太冷，夏天也不太热。全年温暖潮湿。但是去厦门最好的季节是春天和夏天。春天，风从来都不会刮得很厉害，所以我们可以在海边散步，呼吸新鲜空气。至于夏天，则是最好的娱乐季节。可以在海里游泳，在海滩上感受柔和的海风。也许还可以找到无尽的乐趣。Besides, there are some famous tourist sites in Xiamen. And the most beautiful scenic spot is Gulangyu Island. We can visit foreign architectures, nice gardens, beautiful parks, and traditional museums there. Once we are in Xiamen, we can't miss going to Gulangyu Island, or we won't have a good time. 此外，厦门还有一些著名的旅游景点。最美丽的是鼓浪屿。我们可以参观外国的建筑、美丽的花园、漂亮的公园和传统的博物馆。一旦我们到了厦门，我们不能错过去鼓浪屿岛，否则肯定玩得不够开心。However, in recent years, Xiamen has become a lot more modern than it used to be. Nowadays, more and more skyscrapers and shopping malls have been built, which make Xiamen a wonderful city for sightseeing and shopping. So I eagerly wish to spend my summer holiday there next time. 然而，近年来，厦门变得比以前现代化很多。如今，建了越来越多的摩天大楼和购物中心，这使得厦门成为一个观光和购物的美妙城市。所以我热切地希望我的下一个暑假能在那里度过。Next year if I have enough time and money, I plan to have a nice sightseeing tour in Xiamen with my close friends. I hope we can spend the happiest time together there. 明年如果我有足够的时间和金钱，我打算和我的好朋友去厦门观光旅游。我希望我们能在那里度过最快乐的时光。at I was special. They found ways to keep feeding me stuff and putting me in better schools. They were willing to defer to my needs.” So he grew up not only with a sense of having once been abandoned, but also with a sense that he was special. In his own mind, that was more important in the formation of his personality.丁堡的宗教会议上公开谴责德意志封建主与天主教会对捷克的压迫和剥削。他虽然被反动教会处以火刑，但他的革命活动在社会上引起了强烈的反应。捷克农民在胡斯党人的旗帜下举行起义，这次运动也波及波兰。1517年，在德国，马丁·路德（1483～1546年）反对教会贩卖赎罪符，与罗马教皇公开决裂。1521年，路德又在沃尔姆国会上揭露罗马教廷的罪恶，并提出建立基督教新教的主张。新教的教义得到许多国家的支持，波兰也深受影响。