“爸爸妈妈,为什么你们说话要带着刀,一遍遍割得我遍体鳞伤?”
“你不嫌丢人,我还嫌丢人呢?看看人家孩子怎么做的?” “就没见过你这么笨的,猪脑子的都比你强!” “废物,啥都不会!”
“你怎么这么笨,怎么教都不会?” “我生你有啥用,成绩怎么搞都上不去?” 我花那么多钱给你报这个,报那个,你不好好学,对得起我吗? 养你花了太多钱,我都穷都不舍得给自己买任何东西! ......
婴幼儿:对陌生人或不亲近的人表现出过激反应;看起来焦虑或不自信;与父母关系不亲密;有攻击性等。 年长儿童:超过年龄的懂事或成熟,比如用不符合他们年龄的老练的语言与人沟通;很难控制情绪;缺乏社交技巧;很少有朋友;回避父母等。
父母是‘施暴’的主力军,大量的讨论都在描述或“控诉”着来自父母的语言暴力。 贬低和反问是‘施暴者’常用的语言形式,如果受害者反驳,会被认为就会被认为是“胡说”、“顶嘴”,诸如 “不要脸”、“连猪都不如”、“去shi吧” 这样的语言也会从亲密的人口中说出。 学习成绩是争议焦点,而针对女性,身材和长相则往往是是暴力的攻击点等等。
找个好的倾听者
不要压抑你的情绪
通过锻炼释放你的愤怒
呼吸练习
呼吸练习或者冥想可以帮助你集中注意力在当下的时刻,让心灵暂时‘忘掉’对过去的怨恨,同时冥想也可以让你放松,平静下来和增加积极情绪。
自我慈悲
求助专业人士
如有需要,请求助专业人士,不要让自己承受所有痛苦。
每个小孩都会犯错,也需要大人的引导。遇事时就事论事,可以批评,但不要进行人身攻击。
策划/编辑丨林乙乙
题图来源丨图虫创意
参考文献丨
[1] https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/child-maltreatment
[2]Stoltenborgh, M., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Alink, L. R., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2015). The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: Review of a series of meta‐analyses. Child Abuse Review, 24(1), 37-50.
[3]UNICEF, R. (2012). Child maltreatment, prevalence, incidence and consequences in the East Asia and Pacific Region. New York: UNICEF.
[4]APSAC (1995). Psychosocial evaluation of suspected psychological maltreatment in children and adolescents. Practice Guidelines, American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children (1995).
[5]World Health Organization. (1999). Report of the Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention, 29–31 March 1999, WHO, Geneva. Geneva Switzerland: Author.
[6]Emotional abuse | NSPCC. (n.d.). Retrieved January 21, 2021, from https://www.nspcc.org.uk/what-is-child-abuse/types-of-abuse/emotional-abuse/
[7]有数 | 原生家庭之殇:从5243条数据看家庭语言暴力. (n.d.). Retrieved January 21, 2021, from https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_8250520
[8]Carpenter, L. L., Tyrka, A. R., Ross, N. S., Khoury, L., Anderson, G. M., & Price, L. H. (2009). Effect of Childhood Emotional Abuse and Age on Cortisol Responsivity in Adulthood. Biological Psychiatry, 66(1), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.030
[9]Van Harmelen, A. L., Van Tol, M. J., Van Der Wee, N. J. A., Veltman, D. J., Aleman, A., Spinhoven, P., Van Buchem, M. A., Zitman, F. G., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Elzinga, B. M. (2010). Reduced medial prefrontal cortex volume in adults reporting childhood emotional maltreatment. Biological Psychiatry, 68(9), 832–838.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.011
[10]Chen, C., & Qin, J. (2020). Emotional Abuse and Adolescents’ Social Anxiety: the Roles of Self-Esteem and Loneliness. Journal of Family Violence, 35(5), 497–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-019-00099-3
[11]Liu, S., Zhou, N., Dong, S., Wang, Z., & Hao, Y. (2019). Maternal childhood emotional abuse predicts Chinese infant behavior problems: Examining mediating and moderating processes. Child Abuse and Neglect, 88(23), 307–316.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.12.006
[12]Fang, X., Fry, D. A., Ji, K., Finkelhor, D., Chen, J., Lannen, P., & Dunne, M. P. (2015). The burden of child maltreatment in China: a systematic review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 93(3), 176-185C. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.14.140970
[13]Woudstra, M. J., Emmen, R. A. G., Alink, L. R. A., Wang, L., Branger, M. C. E., & Mesman, J. (2021). Attitudes about child maltreatment in China and the Netherlands. Child Abuse and Neglect, 112(April 2020), 104900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104900
[14]Chen, Y. lin, Liu, X., Huang, Y., Yu, H. jie, Yuan, S., Ye, Y. ling, Li, Q. xiao, & He, Q. qiang. (2017).Association between Child Abuse and Health Risk Behaviors among Chinese College Students. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(5), 1380–1387.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0659-y
[15]Liao, M., Lee, A. S., Roberts-Lewis, A. C., Hong, J. S., & Jiao, K. (2011). Child maltreatment in China: An ecological review of the literature. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(9), 1709–1719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.031
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