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双语 | 2020年11月时事热词回顾

十一月热词汇总

*信息来源:China Daily



全国人口普查

national census


China on Sunday started its seventh national census, with about 7 million census takers going door to door to document demographic changes. The census collects data including the name, ID number, gender, marital status, education, and profession of Chinese citizens.


11月1日,第七次全国人口普查正式开始登记,700多万普查人员走入千家万户,登记普查信息。这次普查登记包括姓名、身份证号、性别、婚姻状态、受教育程度以及职业等信息。



杂交水稻

hybrid rice


Despite unfavorable weather conditions this year, the two harvests combined-consisting of early-season and late-season crops-surpassed 22.5 tons per hectare, realizing the goal set earlier this year by renowned agricultural expert Yuan Longping, who has spearheaded research into hybrid rice strains.


虽然今年天气条件不利,但是早晚稻双季亩产仍然超过1500公斤(相当于每公顷22.5吨),达到了著名农业专家袁隆平今年早些时候定下的目标。袁隆平一直致力于杂交水稻品种的研究。

这里的harvest用作名词表示“(农作物的)收成”,与yield可以互换使用。


Yield这个词可以用作名词和动词,表示“产量、收益”或者“屈服、投降、退让”等意思。
比如:yield to someone/something(屈服于某人或某事)
yield to impulse(一时冲动)
yield to pressure(屈服于压力)
yield a profit(获得收益)
lucrative yield(丰厚的收益)
average annual yield(平均年产量)等。

“杂交水稻”hybrid rice中的hybrid是一个用法很多的名词,除了表示“(动植物的)杂交品种”以外,还可以表示“(使用多种动力来源的)混合动力车”。
比如:Most car manufacturers now offer hybrids.
大多数汽车厂商现在都提供混合动力车型。



第三节中国国际进口博览会
the third China International Import Expo


Though affected by COVID-19, this year's CIIE is attracting global exhibitors in droves. Nearly 50 Fortune 500 and industry-leading companies are participating for the first time, as well as international debuts of hundreds of new products, technologies and services.
尽管受到全球新冠肺炎疫情影响,但各国企业参展积极踊跃。近50家世界500强和行业龙头企业首次参展,还有数百个新产品、新技术和新服务全球首发。

中国国际进口博览会(China International Import Expo,CIIE),是迄今为止世界上第一个以进口为主题的国家级展会(the world’s first import expo held at the national level),是国际贸易发展史上一大创举。


举办中国国际进口博览会,是中国着眼于推动新一轮高水平对外开放作出的重大决策(an important decision made by China to pursue a new round of high-level opening-up),是中国主动向世界开放市场的重大举措。这体现了中国支持多边贸易体制、推动发展自由贸易的一贯立场(China’s consistent position of supporting the multilateral trading system and promoting free trade),是中国推动建设开放型世界经济、支持经济全球化的实际行动(a concrete action by China to advance an open world economy and support economic globalization)。



三峡工程
The Three Gorges Project


China's Ministry of Water Resources and the National Development and Reform Commission announced the official full completion of the project's construction, saying the Three Gorges project has met all design requirements, has a good overall performance, and fulfills the key roles of flood control, electricity generation, shipping and water-resource utilization.


水利部、国家发展改革委公布,三峡工程建设任务全面完成,工程质量满足规程规范和设计要求,运行持续保持良好状态,防洪、发电、航运、水资源利用等综合效益全面发挥。

三峡工程(the Three Gorges project)全称为长江三峡水利枢纽工程。整个工程包括一座混凝重力式大坝(concrete gravity structure),泄水闸(sluice gate),一座堤后式水电站(hydropower station at dam toe),一座永久性通航船闸(navigation lock)和一架升船机(lifter)。三峡工程建筑由大坝、水电站厂房和通航建筑物三大部分组成。大坝坝顶总长3035米,坝高185米。三峡工程是迄今为止世界上规模最大的水利枢纽工程(the world's biggest water conservancy project)综合效益最广泛的水电工程(a hydropower project with widespread benefits)


监测表明,拦河大坝及泄洪消能(flood drainage)引水发电(water diversion and power generation)通航(navigation)及茅坪溪防护工程等主要建筑物工作性态正常,机电系统及设备、金属结构设备运行安全稳定。



进口冷链食物

imported cold-chain food


China is doubling down on efforts to stem the transmission of the novel coronavirus through imported cold-chain products, requiring thorough disinfection of such shipments before they come into contact with domestic workers.


中国加大力度防范新冠病毒通过进口冷链食品传播,要求在进口冷链食品首次与我境内人员接触前实施预防性全面消毒处理。

这里的double down最初见于纸牌类赌博游戏,指的是玩家认为自己手里的牌好,所以“加倍下注”,后来这个短语就用来表示“冒风险做某事”。


到了21世纪,这个短语的含义继续拓展,多用于商业、媒体、时政等领域,表示to work twice as hard,即“加大力度做某事”,常用的搭配是double down on something
比如:Fox is doubling down on its marketing efforts to give the movie a big boost.
福克斯正在加大市场推广力度,强推这部影片。

当然了,用在负面信息的语境中也是可以的,比如:Instead of learning from his mistakes, he's doubling down.
他没有从错误中吸取教训,而是开始变本加厉。



载人潜水艇

manned submersible


China's deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe, or Striver, set a national diving record of 10,909 meters on Tuesday in the Challenger Deep, a 11,000-meter chasm located at the bottom of the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean, according to the Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering under the Chinese Academy of Sciences.


中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所的消息显示,中国深海载人潜水器“奋斗者”号11月10日在西太平洋马里亚纳海沟最深处成功下潜至10909米,创下国内新纪录。被称为“挑战者深渊”的马里亚纳海沟最深处深度为11000米。



研究生导师指导行为准则
code of conduct for postgraduates' supervisors


Supervisors shoulder the primary responsibility in cultivating postgraduate students and the important task of nurturing high-end and innovative talent, the Ministry of Education said.


教育部指出,研究生导师是研究生培养的第一责任人,肩负着为国家培养高层次创新人才的重要使命。

这里的supervisor就是在研究生阶段对学生提供选题指导、学术专业培养、论文指导等专业支持的“导师”;在职场,这个词多用来指某个部门或机构的“主管”。

在教育领域,还有几个跟老师相关的词,这里也简单介绍一下:tutor多指“一对一指导教师”,我们常说的“家教”就可以用这个词表示;mentor一般也翻译为“导师、顾问”,不过这个词更强调“师徒传承”这层意思,除了专业方面的指导以外,也会在精神成长方面有引领作用,所以有时候也会称为“人生导师”。



冬季疫情防控
epidemic prevention and control in the winter


China is likely to see sporadic outbreaks of scattered infections throughout the winter and to experience regional outbreaks. To tackle the risks, the country will carry out a public health and hygiene campaign in the coming seasons to help prevent COVID-19 and other seasonal infectious diseases, Li said at a press briefing.


国家卫健委副主任李斌表示,今冬我国将处于疫情零星散发状态,局部地区可能发生聚集性疫情。为了应对这些风险,我国将在冬春季开展公共卫生专项行动,防止新冠肺炎以及其他季节性传染病的传播。

这里的sporadic是形容词,表示“happening sometimes; not regular or continuous”,即“偶尔发生的;不规律、不连续的”,与occasional意思接近,不过sporadic的意思要比occasional略广,它既可以表示“零星的”,也可以表示“偶然的,不规律的”,但occasional通常只用来表示“偶然的,不规律的”。比如:His job requires occasional trips to the West Coast.

这句话中的occasional就可以用sporadic来替换,但是表达“零星的病例”sporadic outbreaks的时候,我们通常不会用occasional来替换。



区域全面经济伙伴关系协定
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership


After eight years of negotiations, 15 Asia-Pacific countries signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) on Nov 15, the world's biggest trade pact. The agreement involves all 10 member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and five of its major trading partners-China, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand.


经过八年谈判,亚太地区15个国家于11月15日签署《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)。该协定是全球最大的贸易协定,参与国家包括东盟十国及其五个主要贸易伙伴:中国、日本、韩国、澳大利亚及新西兰。



荣耀出售
Honor brand sold


Over 30 agents and dealers of Huawei's Honor brand have acquired all business assets of the budget cellphone brand, according to the joint statement.


联合声明指出,30余家荣耀代理商、经销商完成对荣耀品牌相关业务资产的全面收购。荣耀是华为旗下一款经济型手机品牌。

这里的budget cellphone中的budget跟航空领域的budget airlines的用法一样,都是形容词,表示“价格低廉的,花钱少的”

Budget更常见的用法是名词或动词,表示“预算”或“做预算、规划”,比如:
government budget(政府预算)
a weekly budget for a family of five(五口之家一周的花销预算)
budget your time wisely(合理规划你的时间)budget a new hospital(拨出预算建一所新医院)等。



5G连接数

5G connections 


5G connections in China are expected to reach 200 million by the end of 2020, contributing to more than 85 percent of the global total, according to a recent analysis by GSMA, an international association of mobile operators.


全球移动通信系统协会(GSMA)近期分析显示,中国的5G连接数预计在2020年将达到2亿,占全球5G连接总数85%以上。

5G(5th generation mobile communication technology),即第五代移动通信技术,将提升移动网络的作用,不仅让人与人之间互联,更让机器、物体和终端之间互联互控。

5G是一个全新的通讯技术,具有高速率(high data rate)、大容量(high capacity)、低时延(short latency)的特性,这使得5G技术在物联网(Internet of Things)、智慧家居(smart home)、远程服务(remote service)、外场支援(field support)、虚拟现实(virtual reality)、增强现实(augmented reality)等领域有了新的应用。



流失文物

lost cultural relics 


11月18日,国家文物局副局长关强在国家文物局召开的例行新闻发布会上表示,今年1月以来,国家文物局与外交、海关等部门紧密合作,在中国驻英国使馆大力支持下,历时10个月,成功将流失英国25年的68件走私文物追索回国。


The cultural relics date from the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) to the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), encompassing a variety of items, mainly ceramics. They are from provinces including Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian, Henan, Shaanxi, Hebei and Guizhou.


这些文物时间跨度从春秋到清代,质地多为陶瓷,地域分布江西、安徽、福建、河南、陕西、河北、贵州等。

我们常见的cultural relics里面的relic“an object, tradition, or system from the past that continues to exist”,即“从过去流传至今的物件、传统或体系”,在考古领域多指“从过去遗留下来的物件,没有现实用处,但多具有历史意义”或者“遗迹、遗物”等。


rtifact,在英式英语中写作artefact,一般指“手工制品”,在考古领域则多指挖掘出来的“手工制作的(工具、武器、饰品等具有考古或历史价值的)文物”。因此在表示“历史文物”的时候,relic涵盖的范围要比artifact要广一些,而且这两个词一般都用复数形式。



金砖国家新工业革命伙伴关系
BRICS partnership on the new industrial revolution


President Xi Jinping said that China will work with other parties to flesh out the BRICS Partnership on New Industrial Revolution at a faster pace, adding that China will set up an innovation center for such a partnership in Xiamen, Fujian province to advance cooperation on policy coordination, personnel training and project development. Xi made the remarks on Nov 17 when addressing the 12th BRICS Summit via video link.


金砖国家领导人第十二次会晤11月17日以视频方式举行,国家主席习近平发表讲话。他表示,中方愿同各方一道加快建设金砖国家新工业革命伙伴关系。我们将在福建省厦门市建立金砖国家新工业革命伙伴关系创新基地,开展政策协调、人才培养、项目开发等领域合作



暴雪
snowstorm 


Snowstorms in China's northernmost province of Heilongjiang have grounded more than 100 flights and forced expressways and schools to be closed, local authorities said.


当地政府表示,黑龙江省暴雪已导致100多个航班取消,高速路和学校也被迫关闭。

这里的ground用作动词,表示“使...停留在地面(港口)不能移动”,多用于轮船、飞机等运输设备,所以上面这句话我们也可以说more than 100 flights were grounded because of the snowstorm。另外,经常看美剧的同学应该能注意到,ground有时候也用来表示家长对做错事的孩子进行惩罚,不让他们出去玩,就是“禁足”,比如:My parents grounded me for a week(我爸妈让我禁足一个星期)或I am grounded for a week(我被禁足一个星期)。



嫦娥五号
Chang'e-5


Chang'e-5, comprising an orbiter,a returner, a lander, and an ascender, with a total takeoff mass of 8.2 tonnes, is expected to accomplish unmanned rendezvous and docking in lunar orbit.


“嫦娥五号”探测器起飞重量8.2吨,包括轨道器、返回器、着陆器、上升器四个部分,将在月球轨道实施无人交会对接。



贫困县全部脱贫
all impoverished counties removed from the poverty list


China has achieved the feat of removing all 832 counties from the country's poverty list. The last nine impoverished counties, all in southwest China's Guizhou province, have eliminated absolute poverty, the provincial government announced on Nov 23. An assessment conducted by third-party agencies earlier this month showed that the overall incidence of poverty in the nine counties in Guizhou had been reduced to zero percent, and the satisfaction rate among locals was over 99 percent.


11月23日,贵州省宣布剩余的9个贫困县消除绝对贫困。至此,我国832个贫困县全部脱贫。第三方机构本月初进行的评估显示,贵州省这9个县的贫困发生率已降为0,群众认可度超过99%。



数字鸿沟
digital divide


11月24日,国务院办公厅公布《关于切实解决老年人运用智能技术困难的实施方案》,针对老年人运用智能技术遇到的种种“痛点”“难点”,提出解决方案。


The plan sets objectives for work in the 2020-2022 period focusing on seven types of services and scenarios most frequently used by or facing the elderly, such as day-to-day traveling, medical treatment, recreational activities, and civic services.


方案聚焦老年人日常生活涉及的出行、就医、文娱、办事等7类高频事项和服务场景,提出了2020至2022年期间的工作目标。


By the end of 2022, the level and convenience of smart services for the elderly will be significantly improved, online and offline services will be better coordinated, and long-term mechanisms bridging the digital divide will be established, according to the plan.


方案提出,到2022年底前,老年人享受智能化服务水平显著提升、便捷性不断提高,线上线下服务更加高效协同,解决老年人面临的“数字鸿沟”问题的长效机制基本建立。

这里的digital divide就是我们所说的“数字鸿沟”或“信息鸿沟”,也可以用digital gap来表示,指在全球数字化进程(global digitalization)中,不同国家、地区、行业、企业、社区之间,由于对信息、网络技术的拥有程度、应用程度以及创新能力的差别而造成的信息落差及贫富进一步两极分化的趋势。



打赏实名制
real-name management for livestreaming reward


Livestreaming shows and hosts should be clearly classified, based on their content, as music, dance, singing, fitness or games, among other categories, according to the circular.


通知明确,网络秀场直播平台要对节目内容和对应主播实行标签分类管理,按“音乐”“舞蹈”“唱歌”“健身”“游戏”等进行分类标注。


According to the circular, online show and livestreaming platforms should implement real-name management for their hosts and users keen on rewarding hosts. In addition, underage users and those who don't register with their real names should not be allowed to reward hosts.


网络秀场直播平台要对网络主播和“打赏”用户实行实名制管理。未实名制注册的用户不能打赏,未成年用户不能打赏。

在关于“打赏”的英文报道中,我们经常看到的表述是tip和reward

Tip的用法很多,之所以会被用来表示“打赏”,是因为tip用作动词和名词的时候,有一个意思是“(pay) a small amount of money to someone who has provided you with a service, in addition to the official payment and for their personal use”(在正常支付账单之外,给为你提供服务的人员支付的一小笔额外费用,供其个人使用),即“(付)小费”,比如:He gave the porter a tip/He tipped the porter(他给行李员付了小费)。

而reward通常指“something (as money) given or offered in return for a service, good behavior, excellent work, etc.”(对接受的服务、良好的表现或者出色的工作等行为做出的奖赏、回报),也可以直接用作动词来表示“奖赏(某人)”
比如:The company rewarded him for his years of service with a grand farewell party and several presents.
公司用一个盛大的派对和很多礼物回馈他多年的工作付出。

Salespeople who are willing to work longer hours will receive significant rewards.
主动加班的销售员会拿到丰厚的回报。


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