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【189天】阅读大杀器:折斩&哇斩(2017军火库第9期)

2016-06-17 哇魔力 考研军火库


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真题示例:2005年英语(一)Text 4

注#1:关于“折斩”与“哇斩”的具体介绍详见第1期军火库(回复1查阅)。

注#2:蓝色背景字体是转折句。


[第1段]:American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command(驾驭,掌握,控制) the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation(退化) of Language and Music and Why We Should Like, CareJohn McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist(好争论者) of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph(胜利,成功) of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.(:此处“responsible for”、选项D“bring about”、第3段“spell”都表示因果关系)(微信号:kaoyanx)


/第36题(标注红色的选项是答案)

According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English

[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms(在激烈的教育改革中是不可避免的事)(哇斩:“inevitable”表述绝对化,不适于做答案,排除A)(微信号:kaoyanx)

[B] is but all too natural in language development(在语言发展中是再自然不过的事了)(哇斩:题干中“the decline of formal English”说的就是一种语言发展,对应B中“language development”,其中“formal English”对应“language”,“decline”对应“development”,而在其他选项中不存在这种关键词表述的一致性,所以答案选B。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)

[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture(已经造成了反文化运动中的对立)

[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s(引起了20世纪60年代公众态度的变化)(哇斩:“1960s”表述过于具体,排除D)(微信号:kaoyanx)

[折斩]:参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第1段(见绿色字体),但该段中没有转折句。距该段最近的转折句是①(在下面第2段)。①没有提供答案线索,再看紧跟①后面的句子(蓝色字体,是观点句)。根据此句,很容易选出B是答案。(微信号:kaoyanx)

[注#1]:如果在定位段中没有转折句,可看距定位段最近的转折句。如果从转折句本身找不出答案,可再看紧跟转折句后面的句子。(微信号:kaoyanx)

[注#2]:“the decline of formal English”在定位句子(见第一段下划线字体)中表述结果,而在CD中表述原因,所以应排除CD。“(be) responsible for”表述因果关系,在此处是命题陷阱。(微信号:kaoyanx)


[第2段]:Blaming the permissive(自由的,放纵的) 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism(批评,评论) against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter's academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings(尾格) of Old English.(:sees...,说明该句是观点句)(微信号:kaoyanx)


[第3段]:But the cult(崇拜) of the authentic(可信的,真实的) and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt(拼写;导致,招致) the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly(适当地,普通地) educated sought an elevated(高雅的) tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded(受关注的) writing(著作,文章) since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative(富有表现力的) genre(类型,形式) is the only form that could claim(声称,主张) real liveliness(活力,活泼). In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity(自发性,自由发挥) over craft(精心准备).(微信号:kaoyanx)


/第37题(标注红色的选项是答案)

The word “talking” (Line 6, paragraph 3) denotes

[A] modesty(谦虚)

[B] personality(个性化)

[C] liveliness(具有活力,活泼)

[D] informality(非正式)(哇斩题干中“talking”说的是物,选项ABC表述对象都是人,只有D表述对象是物,所以答案选D。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)

[折斩]:参照魔图。很明显,此题定位第3段,该段中有转折句②,它是“but...while...”结构的转折句,重心是while引导的句子中的转折部分(蓝色字体),即“even the most well regarded...”,它与选项D表述一致(其中“spoken English”代表“informality”),所以答案是D。(微信号:kaoyanx)

[]:也可看宾语选答案。在while引导的句子中的转折部分“even the most well regarded...”中,“spoken English”是唯一的宾语成分,与其表述最一致的选项只有D,所以答案是D。(微信号:kaoyanx)


[第4段]:Illustrated with an entertaining(有趣的) array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable(不会弄错的,确定无疑的). But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle(副标题), why we should like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges(承认,认为) that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive - there exists no language or dialect(方言) in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight(正确地,清楚地) because we do not talk proper.(:该句还是观点句)(微信号:kaoyanx)


/第38题(标注红色的选项是答案)

To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?

[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk(逻辑思维和我们谈话方式没有必然的联系)(哇斩:相对于BCD,A表述抽象且委婉,更像是答案,所以答案选A。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)

[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English(黑人英语比标准英语更有表达力)(哇斩:“Black English”表述过于具体,排除B)

[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining(非标准种类的人类语言同样有趣)(哇斩:“just as”句式是表述具体内容,而且内容较肤浅,排除C)(微信号:kaoyanx)

[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas(在所有类比的语言中,标准英语最能表达复杂的思想)(哇斩:“best”表述绝对化,排除D)(微信号:kaoyanx)

[折斩]:参照魔图。该题没有明确的定位信息,只能定位到第4段(因为第37、39题问的分别是第3、5段)。第4段中有转折句③④,其中④是隐性转折句(表述对比,拿He与其他大多数人比较)。先看③,没有提供答案线索(该句没有实质内容)。再看④,正是选项A表述的内容,A中“logical thinking”和“the way we talk”分别对应④中“think straight”和“talk proper”,所以答案选A。(微信号:kaoyanx)

[]:④还是观点句,可优先看④选答案。观点标志词包括:argue, think, maintain, hold, believe, acknowledge, see/consider/regard as...等。(微信号:kaoyanx)


[第5段]:Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks(相当大的数量) of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate(精心准备) speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms - he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful(注:“really”说明该句是表述观点,是个观点句). We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.” A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.(微信号:kaoyanx)


/第39题(标注红色的选项是答案)

The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author's

[A] interest in their language(对他们的语言感兴趣)

[B] appreciation of their efforts(赞赏他们的努力)(哇斩:题干关键词“love”体现了作者的正面态度,而在四个选项中,只有B表述最正面,与题干表述最一致,所以答案选B。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)

[C] admiration for their memory(羡慕他们的记忆)(哇斩:题干强调的是“love”而非“memorizing”,而C强调的是“memory”,与题干强调的明显不一致,所以排除C)(微信号:kaoyanx)

[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness(对他们这种守旧行为的鄙视)(哇斩:“contempt”表述过于贬义,不适于做答案,排除D)(微信号:kaoyanx)

[折斩]:参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第5段(见绿色字体),该段中有转折句⑤⑥。先看⑤,体现了作者对Russians表现的正面态度,选项中只有B表述最正面,所以答案选B。(微信号:kaoyanx)

[注#1]:此题通过表述的正负面选答案,这是一种常用的做题思路。

[注#2]:也可看宾语选答案。题干说的是Russians,⑤中与Russians有关的宾语有“a deep love for their own language”和“large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads”,将其与四个选项一一比较,其中第二个宾语与B表述最接近(可用支持关系判断,即存在“因为付诸努力(efforts)所以记忆了大量诗歌(carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads)”),所以答案选B。(微信号:kaoyanx)


/第40题(标注红色的选项是答案)

According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as

[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”(临时与永恒)(哇斩“permanent”表述有绝对化倾向,不适于做答案,排除A)(微信号:kaoyanx)

[B] “radical” is to “conservative”(激进与保守)(哇斩“radical”表述有极端倾向,不适于做答案,排除B)(微信号:kaoyanx)

[C] “functional” is to “artistic”(实用与艺术)

[D] “humble” is to “noble”(卑微与高尚)(哇斩“humble”表述过于贬义,不适于做答案,排除D)(微信号:kaoyanx)

[折斩]:参照魔图。很明显,此题定位第5段,该段中有转折句⑤⑥。⑥是题干内容,所以只看⑤。⑤没有提供答案线索,所以再看紧跟⑤后面的句子(蓝色字体)。句中破折号后的内容中“beautiful more than useful”提供了两个对比主体,即“美丽”与“实用”,分别对应C中的“artistic”和“functional”,与C表述一致,所以答案选C。(微信号:kaoyanx)

[注#1]:如果从转折句本身找不出答案,可再看紧跟转折句后面的句子。(微信号:kaoyanx)

[注#2]:破折号后的内容往往是出题点。

[注#3]:其实,“beautiful more than useful”表述的是对比,也是一种转折(是隐性转折),可直接定位此处选答案。(微信号:kaoyanx)


至此,全部5道题都可“只看转折句”和“哇斩”选出答案

掌握了“折斩”和“哇斩”绝技,你绝对是超级考霸


附:与more than相关表达的用法小结

第一组:

/no more...than...:表示对两者都否定,意为“同...一样根本不”。例如上文第2段末句:...no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.(和古英语中词格尾缀的消失一样根本没什么可遗憾的)(微信号:kaoyanx)

/not more...than...:表示两者都具有某种特征,但是程度不同,意为“不如,不及”。例如:He is not more clever than she is.(他不如她聪明)(微信号:kaoyanx)

第二组:

/no more than:意为“仅仅,只有”,强调少。

/not more than:意为“不多于,不超过”。



阅读秘诀:没有信号词(或定位词)的阅读题处理方式


/方式1:此类题一般出现在最后一题,先做完前四题,然后看该题选项,若发现有熟悉的选项则优先排除,若发现不熟悉的选项则在文中最后几句找答案。(微信号:kaoyanx)

/方式2:套用“折斩”秘诀。有两种情况:

(1)根据题干关键词定位到某个具体段落,则看段中或距该段最近的转折句(以及引语和观点句)选答案;(微信号:kaoyanx)

(2)不能根据题干关键词定位到某个具体段落,则先根据自然段顺序定位原则(即5道题是按自然段先后顺序出题),确定定位的段落,然后再看段中或距该段最近的转折句(以及引语和观点句)选答案。(微信号:kaoyanx)


引申阅读(点击打开)

阅读大杀器:折斩&哇斩(2005Text1真题解析)

阅读大杀器:折斩&哇斩(2005Text2真题解析)

阅读大杀器:折斩&哇斩(2005Text3真题解析)

......


未完待续...


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