ScalersTalk外刊研究小组第8周训练日志
写在前面的话
【外刊研究小组简介】
ScalersTalk外刊研究小组隶属于ScalersTalk成长会，是成长会旗下社群的一部分。
对于中高级英语水平的英语爱好者和今后从事翻译工作的学习者来说，大量进行英文输入，广泛涉猎各种英文材料，不断积累语言知识，对于提升英语能力非常重要。同时，因为英文外刊语言地道、用词精妙、内涵丰富，外刊对于英语能力的提升往往起到事半功倍的效果。
本小组成立的目的，是以Economist，FT，Washington Post，New York Times，Newsweek，Times等英语外刊为重点，在完成基础词汇句式分析的基础上，对外刊的写作、逻辑、文风以及领域深入剖析，以期横跨中英文化，获取更广阔视野，从而对个人成长提升，发挥关键作用。
本小组仅面向成长会成员开放，在加入行动前，你需要进行测试。但是在A/B/C三个朗读群，你可以看到测试指南，可以参照文章难度对自己的水平进行评估。
本周复盘笔记说明
本周复盘笔记是ScalersTalk2016年成长会外刊研究小组第8周平时训练与总结的成果。
每周精读外刊的选材主题为重点知识专题或近期热点话题。训练进度为周一到周五每天一篇外刊文章精读，第六天复习总结，第七天复盘。成员在第一遍精读时，需要做好精读笔记，并且对文章重点段落进行背诵或复述。之后在自我复习和借鉴他人的基础上不断复习精读笔记，复习背诵和复述直至熟练为止。周末复盘需要成员现场背诵或复述本周练习过的段落，主持人点评，并组织分析梳理每篇文章中的难点：语言表达、写作风格、背景知识、逻辑梳理、内涵挖掘等等。
该复日志盘是在本周五篇外刊精读笔记的基础上整理做出的，不包括周末复盘时对于文章的梳理、分析和总结。内容主要涵盖生词解析、地道表达，重点句式和翻译难点、以及文章背景知识。更高层面的分析探讨，仅供内部研讨。
往期日志：
外刊研究小组 Week 8精读笔记
本周阅读篇目
本周主题：科技、管理、社会、金融和军事Alibaba、Schumpter等 (本周笔记推送为Day1节选，完整版仅供内部成员分享。)
Day1 4.25 Alibaba—Crocodile of the Yangzi [ Economist ，20160409]
Day2 4.26 Schumpeter [Economist, 20160416]
Day3 4.27 Beautiful minds, wasted [Economist, 20160416]
Day4 4.28 Deutsche Bank’s unappetising cocosinstru-ment [Economist, 20160213]
Day5 4.29 The Battle [Economist, 20160416]
Day 1 Alibaba Crocodile of the Yangzi
地道表达
Rockefeller’s Standard Oil capitalised?on the rise of petroleum and the internal-combustion engine, a combination that powered a century of American greatness.
[capitalize on]充分利用；从…中获得更多好处
Eg.The team failed to capitalize on their early lead.
[internal-combustion engine]内燃机Through both ruthless dealing and visionary philanthropy, he came to personify American capitalism.
[philanthropy]慈善事业
[personify]give human qualities to an inhuman object; embody, incarnate, typifyIt utterly dominates e-commerce in China, and has also made inroads into internet finance, cloud computing and logistics.
[utterly]全然，完全地，彻底地
[make inroads into/on sth](尤指通过消耗或削弱其他事物获得的)进展；消耗，削弱，影响（某物）
Eg. Tax rises have made some inroads into the country’s national debt.增加税收已使国债有所减少.Its flotation in New York in 2014 was the biggest public offering ever, and with a fortune worth perhaps $23 billion, Mr Ma is one of China’s richest men.
[flotation]The act or an instance of launching or initiating, especially the floating of stocks or bonds or the financing of a business venture by floating stocks or bonds. 发行公债，发行股票：发起或创立的行为或事例，尤指流动股票、债券或由流动股票、债券支持的商业资金How did a poor boy who barely scraped into a teacher’s college manage this?
[scrape in/into sth] 勉强获得（工作、职位、入学资格等）
Eg. He scraped in with 180 votes.
补充：get into a scrape: 陷于困境；惹出麻烦事Like Rockefeller, Mr Ma spotted a confluence of technologies and market opportunities.
[confluence][usually sing.] （河流的)汇合处，汇流处，交汇处；（事物的）汇合，汇聚，汇集
Eg. A confluence of social factors.The rise of the internet came just as China was gearing up to join the World Trade Organisation in 2001.
[gear up(for/to sth)|gear sb/sth up(for/to sth)](使)为…作好准备；促进、增加
Eg. Cycle organizations are gearing up for National Bike Week.Duncan Clark, an expert on China’s technology sector, explains the result in a fascinating new book: Mr Ma “stands at the intersection of China’s newfound cults of consumerism and entrepreneurship”.
[intersection]十字路口；交叉路口；交点
Eg. intersection chart 网络图
intersection line 交叉线；相交线
[cult](对生活方式、看法、观念等的)狂热，时尚，崇拜；
Eg. the cult of physical fitness
Eg. An extraordinary personality cult had been created around the leader.
[consumerism and entrepreneurship]消费主义和企业家精神It began with Mr Ma’s homesick search for a pint of Chinese lager.
[a pint of] 一品脱
[lager]啤酒With liberalization would come rising incomes and global travel, reasoned Mr Ma, and soon hundreds of millions of Chinese would clamour for the goods and services enjoyed by the comfortable classes elsewhere.
[clamour for]大声（或吵闹）地要求Unlike those in America, the land of Sears and Walmart, China’s retail chains were fragmented and stodgy.
[fragmented]列成碎块的；片段的；四分五裂的
[stodgy]吃下去感觉撑的，易饱的；古板的，枯燥无味的hina’s online consumers are now the world’s most voracious, buying over $14 billion-worth of goods on Alibaba’s platforms on just one day last year (a promotion known as Singles’ Day.
[voracious]饭量大的，贪吃的，狼吞虎咽的Alibaba now sees some 3 trillion yuan ($464 billion) in e-commerce transactions flow yearly through its portals, triple the figure seen in 2012.
[e-commerce transactions flow]电商交易额
[portal]门户网站；入口站点；壮观的大门；豪华的入口；Though state-owned enterprises and national champions lumber on, it is private enterprise that has created nearly all net new urban jobs in China over the past two decades, and private firms account for perhaps two-thirds of all economic output.
[lumber]缓慢吃力地移动；lumber on举步维艰China is producing millions of new entrepreneurs each year, and (unlike Rockefeller, who was widely reviled as a monopolist) Mr Ma is idolized by them.
[revile]谩骂，侮辱Employees take nicknames from his novels and other pulp fiction, and use these names for internal communication.
[pulp fiction]低俗小说
[pulp]粗制滥造的；庸俗刺激的The company’s philosophy is a “six-vein spirit sword”, and during an interview conducted last year at his headquarters, Mr Ma several times got up to punctuate his answers with an actual sword from his wall.
[six-vein spirit sword]六脉神剑
[punctuate]不时打断Mr Ma does not believe in religion or communism, saving his faith for a kind of inclusive capitalism.
[inclusive]包容广阔的； 范围广泛的
Eg. The party must adopt more inclusive strategies and a broader vision.这个党必须采取更广泛的策略和更远大的视野。Mr Ma distributed shares to employees from the beginning, and continued to find ways for them to cash in during Alibaba’s spectacular rise.
[cash in]从中牟利；捞到好处；
Eg. The film studio is being accused of cashing in on the singer’s death.
[spectacular]壮观的；壮丽的；令人惊叹的Western technology founders like Google’s Larry Page and Sergey Brin and Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg structured share offerings so that they retained a tight grip on their creations.
[retain a grip on]维持控制权，牢牢抓住Mr Ma rejects Milton Friedman’s nostrum that “the business of business is business”, namely that companies exist only to make a profit and that philanthropy should be strictly personal.
[nostrum]并非灵验的招数，不会奏效的计策 ；江湖药
其他表达：
[martial-arts] 武侠
Eg. martial-arts specialist: 武术专家
[artistic reference]艺术借鉴
Eg. Artistic Reference Room: 美术资料室
[leave a mark on]留下(…的)不可磨灭的痕迹(或印象)；留下深刻的影响
[the business of business is business]企业的职责就是盈利【经典】
专业知识
Duncan Clark 迈克尔·克拉克·邓肯
(Michael Clarke Duncan，1957-2012)，好莱坞男星。出生在伊利诺斯州芝加哥南区的一个单亲家庭，是由母亲抚养带大的。代表作为《世界末日》(Armageddon,1998)、《绿色奇迹》(The Green Mile，1999)。Sears
Sears, Roebuck and Co是一间领先的多种经营零售公司，提供商品和相关服务。该公司2003年的收入为411亿美元，销售多种家用商品、服装和汽车产品，在美国和加拿大有超过2，300间Sears品牌和附属商店，包括大约870间全品种商店和1，100间专卖店。Sears还通过sears com、landsend com和专卖目录提供各种商品和服务。Sears是消费者能够找到Kenmore、Craftsman、DieHard和Lands End等品牌的唯一零售商店，这是美国信誉最好和最畅销的品牌。该公司是最大的产品维修服务提供商，每年提供超过1，400万次服务。Walmart 沃尔玛百货有限公司
（Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.）（NYSE：WMT）是一家美国的世界性连锁企业，总部设在阿肯色州本顿维尔。以营业额计算为全球最大的公司，其控股人为沃尔顿家族。沃尔玛主要涉足零售业，是世界上雇员最多的企业，连续三年在美国《财富》杂志世界500强企业中居首位。
沃尔玛公司有8500家门店，分布于全球15个国家。沃尔玛在美国50个州和波多黎各运营。沃尔玛主要有沃尔玛购物广场、山姆会员店、沃尔玛商店、沃尔玛社区店等四种营业态式。2016年1月15日，沃尔玛宣布在全球关闭269家门店。
Standard Oil
Standard Oil Co. Inc. was an American oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. Established in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller as a corporation in Ohio, it was the largest oil refiner in the world of its time.[7] Its controversial history as one of the world’s first and largest multinational corporations ended in 1911, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that Standard was an illegal monopoly.Cyber Monday
Cyber Monday is a marketing term for the Monday after the Thanksgiving holiday in the United States. The term “Cyber Monday” was created by marketing companies to persuade people to shop online. The term was coined by Ellen Davis and made its debut on November 28, 2005 in a Shop.org press release entitled “‘Cyber Monday Quickly Becoming One of the Biggest Online Shopping Days of the Year”.Larry Page拉里·佩奇
全名劳伦斯·爱德华·佩奇(Lawrence Edward Page)，美国密歇根大学安娜堡分校的荣誉毕业生，拥有密歇根大学理工科学士学位和斯坦福大学计算机科学博士学位。佩奇是Google公司的创始人之一，2011年4月4日正式出任谷歌CEO 。2013年，拉里·佩奇获选2013美国40岁以下最有影响力CEO，并以230亿美元资产荣登福布斯2013全球富豪榜第二十位Sergey Brin谢尔盖·布林
全名谢尔盖·米克哈伊洛维奇·布林(Sergey Brin)(俄语: Сергей Михайлович Брин，)是Google公司的创始人之一。是一位美国籍俄罗斯裔企业家。他出生在俄罗斯，在他与拉里·佩奇合作建立Google之前，他一直学习计算机科学和数学。谢尔盖目前是Google董事兼技术部总监，近年来在《福布斯》全球亿万富豪排行榜上始终名列前茅，2011年他以198亿美元位列第24位。Milton Friedman 米尔顿·弗里德曼
美国当代经济学家、芝加哥大学教授、芝加哥经济学派代表人物之一，货币学派的代表人物。以研究宏观经济学、微观经济学、经济史、统计学、及主张自由放任资本主义而闻名。1976年获诺贝尔经济学奖，以表扬他在消费分析、货币供应理论及历史、和稳定政策复杂性等范畴的贡献。有趣的是，弗里德曼是另一位芝加哥经济学派代表人物、法律经济学奠基人亚伦·戴雷科特的妹夫。
其著作《资本主义与自由》于1962年出版，提倡将政府的角色最小化以让自由市场运作，以此维持政治和社会自由。他的政治哲学强调自由市场经济的优点，并反对政府的干预。他的理论成了自由意志主义的主要经济根据之一，并且对1980年代开始美国的里根以及许多其他国家的经济政策都有极大影响。national champions 国家领军企业
National champion is a governmental policy in which large organisations are expected not only to seek profit but also to “advance the interests of the nation”; the government sets policies which favour these organisations. The policy is practised by many governments, in some sectors more than others (such as defense), but by giving an unfair advantage against market competition, the policy promotes economic nationalism domestically and global pre-eminence abroad contrary to the free market. The policy also deters or prevents venture capitalism.
本微信公众号作者Scalers，游走在口译世界的IT从业者。微信公众号ScalersTalk，微博@Scalers，网站ScalersTalk.com，口译100小时训练计划群C 456036104 成长会是由Scalers发起的面向成长、实践行动，且凝聚了来自全球各地各行各业从业者的社群。有意入会者请和Scalers直接联系，我和其他会员会和你直接交流关于成长行动等各方面的经验教训。2016年成长会持续招募中，参见做能说会写的持续行动者：ScalersTalk成长会2016年会员计划介绍(2016.3更新)