[886]ScalersTalk外刊研究小组第11周训练日志
写在前面的话
【外刊研究小组简介】
ScalersTalk外刊研究小组隶属于ScalersTalk成长会，是成长会旗下社群的一部分。
对于中高级英语水平的英语爱好者和今后从事翻译工作的学习者来说，大量进行英文输入，广泛涉猎各种英文材料，不断积累语言知识，对于提升英语能力非常重要。同时，因为英文外刊语言地道、用词精妙、内涵丰富，外刊对于英语能力的提升往往起到事半功倍的效果。
本小组成立的目的，是以Economist，FT，Washington Post，New York Times，Newsweek，Time等英语外刊为重点，在完成基础词汇句式分析的基础上，对外刊的写作、逻辑、文风以及领域深入剖析，以期横跨中英文化，获取更广阔视野，从而对个人成长提升，发挥关键作用。
本小组目前进行到第3轮学习周期（4-5周为一轮学习周期，每轮周期最后一周为大复盘周）。请想申请加入第3+1轮外刊研究小组的成员6月12日前提交入群测试任务。
本群目前仅面向成长会成员开放，在加入行动前，你需要进行测试。测试指南在成长会群共享中，但是在A/B/C三个朗读群，你可以看到测试指南，可以参照文章难度对自己的水平进行评估。
往期日志：
本周复盘笔记说明
本周复盘笔记是ScalersTalk2016年成长会外刊研究小组第11周平时训练与总结的成果。
每周精读外刊的选材主题为重点知识专题或近期热点话题。训练进度为周一到周五每天一篇外刊文章精读，第六天复习总结，第七天复盘。成员在第一遍精读时，需要做好精读笔记，并且对文章重点段落进行背诵或复述。之后在自我复习和借鉴他人的基础上不断复习精读笔记，复习背诵和复述直至熟练为止。周末复盘需要成员现场背诵或复述本周练习过的段落，主持人点评，并组织分析梳理每篇文章中的难点：语言表达、写作风格、背景知识、逻辑梳理、内涵挖掘等等。
该复日志盘是在本周五篇外刊精读笔记的基础上整理做出的，不包括周末复盘时对于文章的梳理、分析和总结。内容主要涵盖生词解析、地道表达，重点句式和翻译难点、以及文章背景知识。更高层面的分析探讨，仅供内部研讨。
本周阅读篇目
主题：优步、低生育率、希拉里 (本周笔记推送为部分笔记，完整版仅供内部成员分享。)
Day1&2 Free Exchange, A Fare Shake [Economist, 20160526]
Day3&4 The strange case of the missing baby [Economist, 20160519]
Day5 Email findings threaten to hound Clinton through presidential race [Financial Times , 20160526]
Day1 Free Exchange, A Fare Shake (I)
地道表达
Jacking up prices may not be the only way to balance supply and demand for taxis.
[jack up] : to increase (sth, such as a price) by a large amount
Eg. The restaurant has jacked up its prices in recent months.
IT IS a familiar ritual for many: after a late night out you reach for your smartphone to hail an Uber home, only to find—disaster—that the fare will be three times the normal rate.
[hail]: to signal to a taxi or a bus, in order to get the driver to stop
Extreme fare surges often lead to outpourings of public criticism: when a snowstorm para-lysed New York in 2013, celebrities, including Salman Rushdie, took to social media to rail against triple-digit fares for relatively short rides.
[outpouring] ：n.泻出；(情感等的)流露；迸发；激动的言语倾泻
Eg. I hope that everyone can understand the outpourings and bitterness in such delicate moments as these. 我希望所有人能够理解如此敏感时刻的表白和辛酸。
[rail against] 抱怨；责骂；嘲骂
E.g. Then again, he also likes to rail against high prices with populist fervour. 再者，他也乐意以民粹主义的热情反对高价。
Even if such a technological fix proves elusive, however, local governments do not need to regulate or ban surge pricing to reduce its sting.
[fix] n. （尤指简单、暂时的）解决方法a solution to a problem, especially an easy or tem-porary one
Eg. Though there is no quick and easy fix, we can all start by beginning to think about how we think. 虽然没有迅速容易的方法解决，可是我们都可以通过 开始思考自己的思考方式做起。
[elusive] adj. 难找的；难以解释的；难以达到的 difficult to find, define, or achieve
Eg. This elusive, almost invisible quality was more than a mere habit. 这种捉摸不透的无形品质不仅仅只是一个习惯。
[reduce one’s sting]: 减弱效果，减少影响
In March 2015 it kicked in after a sold-out concert by Ariana Grande, a singer, in an arena in the middle of Manhattan. As the show came to an end, the number of people in the area opening the Uber app quadrupled in just a few minutes.
[kick in] 开始生效（或见效）
Eg. Reforms will kick in later this year.
[sold-out] 售罄的；（尤指门票等）全部预售完的；满座的
Eg. a sold-out show客满的演出
Eg. The group will play three sold-out shows at Wembley Stadium. 这个组合将在温布利体育场举行三场座无虚席的演唱会。
Even without the help of algorithms, cab drivers know to converge on a venue as an event finishes; more Uber drivers than normal were surely in the area at the end of Ms Grande’s concert in expectation of the extra business.
[converge on] 汇集；聚集；集中
Eg.Thousands of supporters converged on London for the rally. 成千上万的支持者从四面八方汇聚伦敦举行集会。
【注意】“converge”的形容词形式为convergent.
Eg. convergent lines/opinions 相交的线条；趋于一致的意见
Yet the possibility of earning a surge fare may also strengthen drivers’ incentives to anticipate and respond pre-emptively to high demand.
[pre-emptively] 先发制人地；
Eg. pre-emptive attack/strike对军事基地先发制人的进攻/打击
[preemptive rights] 优先认购权
[preference share] 优先股.
Ironically, the better Uber’s surge-pricing algorithm works, the less the company will need to use it, since drivers’ pre-emptive responses will tend to eliminate the demand imbalances that make surge pricing necessary in the first place.
[imbalance] 失衡，不平衡，不公平；
Eg.a global imbalance of/in power 全球权利的不平衡
此处需注意，verb+imbalance的搭配：
eliminate imbalance 消除不平衡
cause/create imbalance 引起不平衡，造成失衡
correct/redress imbalance 矫正失衡/恢复平衡
There are tantalising hints that Uber hopes to follow this logic to its conclusion. Mr Schneider noted that clever machine-learning tools could process Uber’s piles of data and determine when and where demand is likely to outstrip the supply of cars.
[tantalising] 逗引性的，挑逗性的，使倍尝可望而不可即之苦的
Eg.a tantalising story 引人入胜的故事
Eg. the tantalizing smell of fried bacon. 诱人的煎熏猪肉的味道
Eg. She was tantalizingly out of reach. 她可望而不可及，撩人心怀
[outstrip] 比…大（或重要）；超过；胜过
Eg. Demand is outstriping supply.
Eg. Their latest computer outstripes all its rivals. 他们最新型的计算机超越了所有的对手。
有关“超过”的补充： outstrip/ exceed / outnumber
But they would presumably not respond as rapidly as they do to the inducement of surge fares. Eventually, however, Uber hopes to replace its human drivers with autonomous vehicles, which could be directed around the city by the company’s computers without any pecuniary incentives.
[presumably] 很可能，大概，想必是：
Eg.Presumably this is where the accident happened. 这大概就是事故现场。
[inducement] 引诱；刺激；诱因；与后文的 incentives是同义词
Eg.financial inducements to mothers to stay at home 促使母亲守在家里的财政激励措施
Eg.Government officials have been accused of accepting inducements(=beibes) from local busi-nessmen.
[pecuniary] 金钱的，与钱相关的
Eg.He was trying to get a pecuniary advantage for himself. 他想为自己谋取钱财
Eg. Pecuniary incentives / pɪ’kjuːnɪərɪ / 经济激励
Eg. Pecuniary resources/ conditions 财力/财务状况
The company still has an incentive to maximise earnings, though, so it might opt to keep surge pricing even if technology made it redundant, at the risk of further public rage.
[opt to do sth] 选择，挑选
Eg. Many young people are opting to go on to college. 许多年轻人都选择上大学继续深造。
[redundant] 多余的，不需要的
Eg.The picture has too much redundant detail.
redundant还有被裁减的含义
Eg.redundant employees 受裁汰的员工Surge pricing will therefore not generate a big financial windfall for Uber (or its drivers). But where public transport is thin on the ground, or where Uber has little private competition, it is a different story.
[windfall] 意外之财；意外获得的东西；
Eg. The hospital got a sudden windfall of $300,000.
Eg. The government imposed a windfall tax (=a tax on profits to be paid once only,not every year) on some industries. 暴利税
[thin on the ground] 为数不多.与之相对应的短语是[thick on the ground] 处处可见，大量存在。
Eg. Foreingers were very thin on the ground in that country. 在那个国家外国人难得一见。其他表达
completion rate： 完成率/打车成功率
a big part of the transport network：交通巨头之一
depends in part on：部分取决于
be of some use to Uber today：对Uber有一些用
be of some use to me：对我有些用
wait out the surge period：在高峰期等车
in expectation of：期待…
relieve the crush： 减轻人群压力
a different story：另一番景象
in the form of：以…的形式
appealing alternatives：有吸引力的选择
follow this logic to its conclusion 按这个逻辑行事
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