Glossary | 文字學術語中英文對照表
衆所周知，由於中國文字突出的表意特徵，文字學在中國源遠流長，蔚爲大觀。然而自晚清以來的中英翻譯中，古老的文字學術語却遇到了不小的困難。幸運的是，已經有學者注意到這個問題。比如此篇文章，即下表就是伯克利加州大學兩位學者的翻譯。
此外，中國學者也有成果問世，比較權威的有沙宗元的《文字學術語規範研究》（安徽大學出版社，2008），語言學名詞審定委員會的《語言學名詞》（商務印書館，2011），前者是後者工作的一部分。
《文字學術語規範研究》可在引得市（http://www.mebag.com/index/cuyu/list.asp）中查詢。（via 趙瑾昀評論）
《語言學名詞》的術語可到全國科學技術名詞審定委員會的術語在綫網站（http://www.termonline.cn/）查詢。
A. English-Chinese
abbreviated phonetic，省聲
abbreviated signific，省形
abstract graph，抽象字
abstract representations，抽象的象形符號
abstract symbol，抽象的形符
allograph, variant, alternate way of writing，異體（字）
altered graph，變體字
alternate concentration of functions between two graphs，兩個字的職務的交互集中
alternate form, variant form，或體
alteration of phonetic symbols，改換音符
alteration of semantic symbols，改換意符
ancient and modern forms/graphs，古今字
ancient script form，古文
binome，雙音節詞
borrowed graph, borrowing，通假字
borrowed meaning，假借義
borrowing of both the sound and form of the borrowed graph，形音兼借字
borrowing of graphic shape，形借
bronze clan inscription，族徽金文
bronze clan name，族名金文
Chinese characters in common use，通用漢字
Chinese characters in general use，使用的漢字
clan emblem，族徽
classifier，類符
clerical script，隸書
close in pronunciation，音近
cognate，同源詞
complex pictorial graph，復雜象物字
component, element，旁
composite graph/character，合體字
compound graph，合文
concentration of lexical functions，文字職務的集中
concurrently polyphonic and polysemic forms，一形（字）多音義
consolidation of variant forms，異體字整理
conventional form，習用字
corruption，訛變
current forms，通行字
dedicated form，專用字
deformation of phonetics，聲旁的破壞
deictic，指事
deictic graph, deictograph，指示字
deictic symbol，指示符號
derivational relationship，造字相承的關系
derivation of new words，派生新詞
derivate, derived form，派生詞
determinative，定符
differentiated graph/form，分化字
differentiation，分化
differentiation of graphic forms，字形分化
different graphs sharing the same graphic shapes，異字同形
dispersal of the lexical loads of graphs，分散文字職務
dispersal of the lexical loads of polysemic graphs，分散多義字職務
distribution of lexical loads among allographs，異體字分工
disyllabic，雙音詞
disyllabic compound，雙音節復合詞
disyllabic morpheme，雙音節語素
disyllabic reduplicative phrase，疊字雙音詞
emblem，圖形
etymology，語源
etymon，母詞
extended meaning/sense，引申義
free morpheme，單獨詞
fully integrated writing system，完整的文字體系
grammatology，文字學
graphic abbreviation，省略偏旁字形
graphic borrowing，假借用法
graphic component，偏旁
graphic consolidation，文字的合幷
graphic derivates，文字孳乳
graphic form，字體
graphic form, graphic shape，字形
graphs having multiple uses，一字多用
graphic loans，文字假借
graphic symbol，文字符號
graphic symbol，字符
historically interchangeable graphs，歷史通用字
homography/homograph，同形字
homophone，同音字
homophonous cognates，同音的同源詞
homophonous or nearly homophonous graph，同音或音近的字
homophonous speller，直音
iconography，圖
identification mark ，標記
identificational inscription，記名金文
ideographic writing，表意文字
indiscriminate interchange，彼此混用
interchange of phonetics，聲旁的代換
interchange of signifies，形旁的代換
interchangeable graphs，通用字
late semanto-phonetic script，後期意(符)音(符)文字
lexical meaning, a word's meaning，詞意
linearization，線條化
loaned phonetic symbols，借音符
loangraph, jiajie, borrowing，假借
matrigraph，母字
mature standard script，成熟的楷書
meaning，意義
modem form/graph，今字
monosyllabic morpheme，單音節語素
morphemes with the same graphic form，同形語素
morphemic graph，語素字
morphemic symbol，語素的符號
morphemic writing/script，語素文字
morphemo-syllabic script/writing，語素——音節文字
multi-functional graph，一字多職
multiple phonetics，多聲
multiple semantic components，多形
mutual exchange of lexical functions，職務互易
neo-clerical script，新隸體
new derived form，派生出新詞
new graph, later form, younger graph，後起字
non-composite characters，獨體字
non-phonetic type characters，非形聲結構
non-syssemantic，非會意字
numerical symbols，記數符號
one syllable ending in a nasal and the other in a non-nasal，陰陽對轉
original meaning，本來意義
original meaning, original sense，本義
orthograph，本字
phonemic script，音素文字
phonetic，聲旁
phonetic, phonetic symbol/element，音符
phonetic component，表音偏旁
phonetic script，拼音文字
phonetic symbol，表音符號
phonetic symbol, phonetic，注音符
phonogram，形聲字
phonogram, phonetic letters，表音字
phonological borrowing, borrowing，通假
phonological variation，聲韻通轉
phonology，語音
pictograph，象形字
pictographic，象形
pictographic aspect，圖畫意味
pictographic protoform，象形初文
pictographic sense，圖形意味
pictographic symbol，象形符號
pictographic symbol，形符
pictorial，圖形式
pictorial graph，象物字
pictorial semantogram，圖形式表意字
pictorial syssemantograph，圖形式會意字
picture, pictorial representation，圖畫
polygraphy，一詞多形
polysemic graph，多義字
polysyllabic，多音詞
popular character, vulgarism，俗字
popular form, vulgar form，俗體
popular orthograph，俗本字
popular script，通俗文字
primitive meaning，原始的意義
primative writing，原始文字
pronunciation of characters，字音
proper graph，正字
protoform，初文
purely phonetic element，純音符
quasi-allographs，部分異體字
quasi-composite characters，準合體字
quasi-composite semantograph，準合體表意字
quasi-pictorial graph，象事字
radical，部
reading and meaning，音義
reading, pronunciation，讀音
scholars of the script, grammatologist; students of the script，文字學者
seal script，篆文
segmentation of graphs into strokes，筆畫化
semantic，字義
semantic component，表意偏旁
semantic extension，引申
semantic extension，語義引申
semantic symbol，表意符號
semantic symbol，意符
semantograph，表意字
semantographic protoform，表意初文
semantographic symbol，義符
semanto-phonetic script，意(符)音(符)文字
semanto-phonetic-sign script，意符音符記號文字
semantophoric phonetic, semanto-phoric phonogram, phonetics that convey meaning，有意的聲旁
semi-semantograph，半記號半表意字
semi-sign (character)，半記號字
semi-sign and semi-phonogram，半記號半表音字
sign，記號
sign, sign graph，記號字
signific, semantic component，形旁
signific, semantic symbol，注意符
simplification of Chinese script，漢字簡化
simultaneously syssemantic and phonetic compound graph，會意兼形聲字
simultaneously a phonetic and a signific, phonetic symbols which are concurrently semantic symbols，音符兼意符
six principles theory of Chinese script，六書說
standard form，正體
standard script，楷書
syllabic script，音節文字
syllabograms，音節符號
symbol，符號
synonymic interchange ，同義換讀
syssemantograph，會意字
three principles theory of Chinese script，三書說
transitional writing，過度文字
Tri-script Stone Classics，三體石經
trisyllabic morpheme，三音節語素
variant forms associated with different writing traditions，重文
variant forms of a single graph，一字異體
wordbook，字書
word writing，詞文字
word-syllabic writing/script，詞——音節文字
writing system，文字體系
younger orthograph，後起本字
B. Chinese-English
半記號半表意字，semi-semantogram
半記號半表音字，semi-sign and semi-phonogram
半記號字，semi-sign (character)
本來意義，original meaning
本義，original meaning, original sense
本字，orthograph
變體字，altered graph
標記，identification mark
表意初文，semantographic protoform
表意符號，semantic symbols
表意偏旁，semantic component
表意文字，ideographic writing
表意字，semantogram
表音偏旁，phonetic component
表音符號，phonetic symbol
表音字，phonogram, phonetic letters
彼此混用，indiscriminate interchange
筆畫化，segmentation of graphs into strokes
部，radical
部分異體字，quasi-allographs
成熟的楷書，mature standard script
重文，variant forms associated with different writing traditions
抽象的象形符號，abstract representations
抽象的形符，abstract symbol
抽象字，abstract graph
純音符，purely phonetic element
初文，protoform
詞文字，word writing
詞意，lexical meaning, a word's meaning
詞——音節文字，word-syllabic writing/script
單獨詞，free morpheme
單音節語素，monosyllabic morpheme
疊字雙音詞，disyllabic reduplicative phrase
定符，determinative
獨體字，non-composite characters
多聲，multiple phonetics
多形，multiple semantic components
多義字，polysemic graph
多音詞，polysyllabic
讀音，reading, pronunciation
訛變，corruption
非會意字，nonsyssemantic
非形聲結構，non-phonetic type characters
分化，differentiation
分化字，differentiated graph/form
分散多義字職務，dispersal of the lexical loads of polysemic graphs
分散文字職務，dispersal of the lexical loads of graphs
符號，symbol
復雜象物字，complex pictorial graph
改換意符，alteration of semantic symbols
改換音符，alteration of phonetic symbols
古今字，ancient and modern forms/graphs
古文，ancient script form
過度文字，transitional writing
漢字簡化，simplification of Chinese script
合體字，composite graph/character
合文，compound graph
後起本字，younger orthography
後期意（符）音（符）文字，late semanto-phonetic script
後起字，new graph, later form, younger graph
會意兼形聲字，simultaneously syssemantic and phonetic compound graph
會意字，syssemantograph
或體，alternate form, variant form
假借，loangraph, jiajie, borrowing
假借用法，graphic borrowing
假借義，borrowed meaning
借音符，loaned phonetic symbols
記號，sign
記號字，sign, sign graph
記名金文，identificational inscription
今字，modern form/graph
記數符號，numerical symbols
楷書，standard script
類符，classifier
兩個字的職務的交互集中，alternate concentration of functions between two graphs
歷史通用字，historically interchangeable graphs
隸書，clerical script
六書說，six principles theory of Chinese script
母詞，etymon
母字，matrigraph
派生詞，derivate, derived form
派生出新詞，new derived form
派生新詞，derivation of new words
旁，component, element
偏旁，graphic component
拼音文字，phonetic script
三書說，three principles theory of Chinese script
三體石經，Tri-script Stone Classics
三音節語素，trisyllabic morpheme
省略偏旁字形，graphic abbreviation
聲旁，phonetic
聲旁的代換，interchange of phonetics
聲旁的破壞，deformation of phonetics
省聲，abbreviated phonetic
省形，abbreviated signific
聲韻通轉，phonological variation
使用的漢字，Chinese characters in general use
雙音詞，disyllabic
雙音節復合詞，dislyllabic compound
雙音節詞，binome
雙音節語素，disyllabic morpheme
俗本字，popular orthography
俗體，popular form, vulgar form
俗字，popular character, vulgarism
通假，phonological borrowing, borrowing
通假字，borrowed graph, borrowing
通俗文字，popular script
同形語素，morphemes with the same graphic forms
通行字，current forms
同形字，homography/homographs
同義換讀，synonymic interchange
同音的同源詞，homophonous cognates
同音或音近的字，homophonous or nearly homophonous graph
同音字，homophone
通用漢字，Chinese characters in common use
通用字，interchangeable graphs
同源詞，cognate
圖，iconograph
圖畫，picture, pictorial representation
圖畫意味，pictographic aspect
圖形，emblem
圖形意味，pictographic sense
圖形式，pictorial
圖形式表意字，pictorial semantogram
圖形式會意字，pictorial syssemantic graph
完整的文字體系，a fully integrated writing system
文字的合幷，graphic consolidation
文字符號，graphic symbol
文字假借，graphic loans
文字體系，writing system
文字學，grammatology
文字學者，scholars of the script, grammatologist; students of the script
文字孳乳，graphic derivates
文字職務的集中，concentration of lexical functions
習用字，conventional form
線條化，linearization
象事字，quasi-pictorial graph
象物字，pictorial graph
象形，pictographic
象形初文，pictographic protoform
象形符號，pictographic symbol
象形字，pictograph
形符，pictographic symbol
形借，borrowing of graphic shape
形旁，signific, semantic component
形旁的代換，interchange of signifies
形聲字，phonogram
形音兼借字，the borrowing of both the sound and form of the borrowed graph
新隸體，neo-clerical script
一詞多形，polygraphy
意符，semantic symbol
義符，semantographic symbol
意（符）音（符）文字，semanto-phonetic script
意（符）音（符）記號文字，semanto-phonetic-sign script
音符，phonetic, phonetic symbol/ element
音符兼意符，simultaneously a phonetic and a signific, phonetic symbols which are concurrently semantic symbols
音節符號，syllabogram
音節文字，syllabic script
音近，close in pronunciation
引申，semantic extension
引申義，extended meaning/sense
音素文字，phonemic script
陰陽對轉，one syllable ending in a nasal and the other in a non-nasal
音義，reading and meaning
異體（字），allograph, variant, alternate way of writing
異體字分工，distribution of lexical loads among allographs
異體字整理，consolidation of variant forms
一形（字）多音義，concurrently polyphonic and polysemic forms
意義，meaning
一字異體，variant forms of a single graph
一字多用，graphs having multiple uses
一字多職，multi-functional graph
異字同形，different graphs sharing the same graphic shapes
有意的聲旁，semantophoric phonetic, semantophoric phonogram, phonetics that convey meaning
原始的意義，primitive meaning
原始文字，primitive writing
語素的符號，morphemic symbol
語素字，morphemic graph
語素文字，morphemic writing/script
語素——音節文字，morphemo-syllabic script/writing
語義引申，semantic extension
語音，phonology
語源，etymology
造字相承的關系，derivational relationship
正體，standard form
正字，proper graph
指事，deictic
指示符號，deictic symbol
指示字，deictic graph, deictograph
職務互易，mutual exchange of lexical functions
直音，homophonous speller
篆文，seal script
專用字，dedicated form
準合體字，quasi-composite characters
準合體表意字，quasi-composite semantogram
注意符，signific, semantic symbol
注音符，phonetic symbol, phonetic
字符，graphic symbol
字書，wordbook
字體，graphic form
字形，graphic form, graphic shape
字形分化，differentiation of graphic forms
字義，semantic
字音，pronunciation of characters
族徽，clan emblem
族徽金文，bronze clan inscription
族名金文，bronze clan name
Resource：
Chinese Writing by Qiu Xigui; translated by Gilbert L. Mattos and Jerry Norman.
Society for the Study of Early China : Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, 2000.
作者：乐正
链接：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/27662182来源：知乎
版权：文章已获原作者授权，转载请联系原作者。图片：资料图来源于网络
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