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《ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS》| Monge et al:美国以森林为基础的碳汇政策对土地利用和一般均衡的影响


摘要本文采用比较静态一般均衡模型评估森林碳汇支付对美国碳汇、土地利用和农产品价格的影响。采用修正的2008年区域投入产出矩阵,将土地这一异质性因素作为模型的主要变量。该矩阵利用资本和劳动力增长来预测2050年所对应的矩阵。本文考虑的森林产生的碳抵消源情景包括造林预留、商业林业集约化和采伐木材。区域造林碳吸收速率及其成本的新数据将作为潜在活动被用于模拟造林预留的情景。如果以每吨二氧化碳20美元的碳抵消价格来计算,那么到2050年,美国二氧化碳年排放量的12%将被封存。与2050年的基准线进行比较,那么超过一半的额外的碳封存(6.11亿公吨二氧化碳)将归因于预留用地并且其中主要由针叶树森林组成。高昂的碳价会导致土地价格上涨,从而导致15%和8%的草地和农田分别被转移到碳储备区,这主要集中在中部地区。大规模的农业用地转移将强化生产体系,推动牛肉价格上涨14%,油籽价格和谷物价格分别上涨3%和4%。


关键词:碳汇,造林,预留地,土地利用变化,可计算一般均衡,异构土地,主要土地资源区域,管理强度


Abstract: A comparative static Computable General Equilibrium model was used to assess the impacts of forest-based carbon payments on sequestration, land use, and agricultural commodity prices in the U.S. A modified 2008 regional Social Accounting Matrix, considering land as a heterogeneous factor, was used as the model's main input. The matrix was projected to its 2050 counterpart using capital and labour growth projections. The forest-generated carbon offset sources considered were afforested set-asides, commercial forestry intensification and harvested wood products. A new dataset on regional afforestation carbon uptake rates and costs was used to include afforested set-asides as latent activities. For a carbon offset price of $20/MT CO2, 12% of U.S. annual emissions could be sequestered in 2050. More than half of the additional carbon sequestered (611 million MT CO2), compared to the 2050 baseline, would be attributed to set-asides and composed mainly of softwood forests. High carbon prices would increase land prices resulting in the diversion of 15% and 8% of pasture and cropland to carbon set-asides, respectively, mainly in the Central Plains. The high agricultural land diversion would force activities to intensify production systems driving the prices of beef up by 14% as well as oilseeds and grains by 3% and 4%, respectively.


Keyword: Carbon sequestration ,Afforestation ,Set-aside ,Land-use change ,Computable General Equilibrium ,Heterogeneous land ,Major land resource areas ,Management intensity






《ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS》,最新影响因子为4.482,刊载方向为环境科学、生态学、资源环境经济学等。该杂志致力于扩展和整合对“自然的家庭”(生态系统)和“人类的家庭”(经济)之间的界面和相互作用的理解。生态经济学是一个跨学科的领域,定义为一系列具体的问题或挑战,这些问题或挑战与管理经济活动有关,以促进人类福祉、可持续性和正义。


原文链接:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800916303445?via%3Dihub



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