八年级英语上下册课程知识精讲+教案课件汇总(文末查看下载)

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●人教版八年级英语上册●

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●其他版本教材●

外研版初中英语8年级知识点精讲外研版初中英语8年级上册期末测试题鲁教版初中英语8年级知识点总结
北师大版初中英语8年级知识点总结
冀教版初中英语8年级全册知识点精讲
仁爱版初中英语8年级全册知识点精讲仁爱版初中英语8年级知识要点复习提纲初中英语完形填空题 微课精讲人教版初中英语8年级教学资料
人教版初中英语8年级电子课本图片

期末必考的语法点汇总 

一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级

1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

（1）单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。

① 单音节单词

small→smaller→smallest     

short→shorter→shortest 
tall→taller→tallest           

great→greater→greatest

② 少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词

clever→cleverer→cleverest      

narrow→narrower→narrowest 

（2）以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st。

large→larger→largest   

nice→nicer→nicest    

able→abler→ablest

（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。

big→bigger→biggest  

hot→hotter→hottest  

fat→fatter→fattest

（4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。

easy→easier→easiest     

heavy→heavier→heaviest 
busy→busier→busiest    

happy→happier→happiest

（5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。

beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different 
easily→more easily→most easily

（6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。

good→better→best           

well→better→best
bad→worse→worst           

ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest 
many/much→more→most     

little→less→least 
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

2. 形容词和副词比较级的用法

（1）“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。

Tom is taller than Kate.

汤姆比凯特高。

This room is three times bigger than that one.

这个房间比那个大三倍。

（2）“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。

I got up earlier than my mother this morning.

我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。

He runs three times faster than his brother.

他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。

3. 形容词和副词最高级的用法

（1）“主语+be+the+形容词最高级（+单数名词）+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……的”。

Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.

汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。

This apple is the biggest of the five. 

这个苹果是五个当中最大的。

（2）“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……的”。

I jump (the) farthest in my class.

我是我们班跳得最远的。

二. 句子成分

1.主语：句子所陈述的对象。

2.谓语：主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。

3. 宾语：分为动词宾语和介词宾语，属于动作的承受者。

4. 系动词：表示状态或状态变化的动词，没有实际的动作意义。如 be, 感官系动词（look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel）、保持类系动词（keep, stay 和 remain）、状态变化类系动词（become、get、turn 和 go）等。

5. 表语：紧跟系动词后面的成分。

6. 定语：修饰名词或代词的成分。

7. 状语：修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。

8. 补语：分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明，与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。

例如：You should keep the room clean and tidy.

你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。

（You是主语， should keep是谓语，the room是宾语，clean and tidy是宾语补足语。）

This kind of food tastes delicious.

这种食物吃起来很可口。

（This kind of food是主语， tastes是系动词， delicious是表语。）

注意：主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分；定语和状语是一个句子的修饰性成分，不是主干成分。

三. 句子类型

1. 简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。

2. 复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。

3. 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。

四. 简单句的五种基本句型

1.“主语 + 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)

例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.

分析：“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。

2.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)

例：I study English.

分析：“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。

3.“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)

例：Our teacher taught us English.

分析：“our teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。

4.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)

例：He asked her to go there.

分析：“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go there”(补语—补充说明宾语做什么)。

5.“主语 + 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)

常用的系动词有be, keep，lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。

例：I am a teacher. 我是一名老师

分析：“I”(主语)“am”(系动词)“a teacher”(表语—即表明主语的身份)。

 五. 宾语从句

1. 宾语从句的含义

在主句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。

如：She knew that the teacher had seen the film.

她知道这位老师看过这部电影。

“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的宾语，同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句，所以它叫做宾语从句。

2. 宾语从句的分类

(1)动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。

如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

(2)介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。

如：I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。

(3)形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。

如：I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。

3. 引导名词性从句的连接词

(1)that：没有含义，在宾语从句中不做成分

(2)whether/if：表示是否，在宾语从句中不做成分。

I don\\\\'t know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后，他是否还住在这里。

(3)连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose（在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语）

连接副词：where, when, how, why（在宾语从句中做状语）

The small children don\\\\'t know what is in their stockings．（what 在宾语从句中做主语）

这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。

Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？（why 在宾语从句中做原因状语）

你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗？

4. 在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点

(1)时态：

①当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。

I don\\\\'t know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。

②当主句是过去时态时，宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。

③当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时，任何时候都用一般现在时。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说过地球绕着太阳转。

(2)语序：任何从句都使用陈述句语序，宾语从句当然也不例外。

六. 一般现在时

一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征、状态。

当主语是非第三人称单数时，行为动词的一般现在时变化形式(见下表)。如：

当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词一般现在时的句型变化如下表：

七. 现在进行时

现在进行时表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。常与now，at the moment，look，listen等词连用。

The little boy is watching TV now.

这个小男孩现在正在看电视。

Listen！She is playing the guitar in the next room.

听！她正在隔壁房间弹吉他。

现在进行时的基本结构：

肯定式：am/is/are+doing（现在分词）

否定式：am/is/are not +doing（现在分词）

一般疑问式：Am/Is/Are + 主语 +doing（现在分词）+ 其他

特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式

They’re having a meeting now. 

他们现在正在开会。

They aren\\\\'t having a meeting now. 

他们现在没有在开会。

Are they having a meeting now?

他们现在正在开会吗？

What are they doing now?

他们现在正在做什么？

八. 一般过去时

一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态（与现在无关） 。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。

He was here just now. 

他刚才还在这里。

What did you do yesterday? 

你昨天做了什么事？

一般过去时基本结构

1. 肯定句形式：主语+动词过去式+其他 　

I was an English teacher one year ago.

一年前我是一名英语老师。

I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。

2. 否定句形式：①was/were+not;   ②在行为动词前加didn\\\\'t，同时还原行为动词 　

I wasn\\\\'t an English teacher one year ago.

一年前我不是一名英语老师。

I didn\\\\'t buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。

3. 一般疑问句：①was/were提到句首；②Did+主语+动词原形+其他？ 　　

Were you an English teacher one year ago?

一年前你是一名英语老师吗？

Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?

昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗？

4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

What were you one year ago?

一年前你是做什么的？

九. 一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态，或将来经常发生的动作或状态。

一般将来时的基本结构

1. will+动词原形  

否定式：will not=won\\\\'t

一般疑问式：will+主语+动词原形+其他？

特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？

I will do a better job next time. 

下次我要做得好些。

Oil and water will not mix. 

油和水没法混在一起。 

2. am/is/are going to +动词原形

否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形

一般疑问式：am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他？

特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？

He is going to spend his holidays in London.

他打算在伦敦度假。

Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 

看那乌云，快要下雨了。

Is he going to collect any data for us? 

他会帮我们收集数据吗？

What are you going to do tomorrow?

明天你打算作什么？

十. 情态动词

can(能，会)， may（可以，可能，也许）， must(必须，一定，应该） have to（必须，不得不）

1. 肯定句结构：主语+can/may/must+动词原形+其它，例如:

I must go now.

 2. 否定句结构: 在can/may/must后加not，例如: 

You mustn’t talk aloud in the library. 

3. 一般疑问句结构: 把can/may/must提在主语前，例如:

Must you go now? (Yes, I must. No, I needn’t.) 

May I open the window? (Yes, you may. No, you needn’t.) 

十一. had better用法

had better+动词原形表示“最好做……”，变否定句时在had better后加not。例如:

You had better catch a bus. 

You’d better not catch a bus. (You had= You’d ) 

十二. 特殊疑问句的变换

对划线部分提问时，将划线部分去掉，剩下部分变一般疑问句语序。（对主语提问例外）例如: 

My name is Lily. What’s your name? 

The river is 500 kilometres. Hong long is the river?

期末必考10篇优秀范文

1

【题目要求】

假设你的名字叫小明。你很喜欢旅游，你和家人去年夏天去了长城。请以“The visit to the Great Wall” 为题，写一篇不少于80词的英语短文。

【优秀范文】

The visit to the Great Wall

My name is Xiaoming and I like traveling very much. Last summar, I went to the Great Wall with my family.

It was fine that day. We went there by bus early in the morning. When we got there, there were many other visitors there. When my family and I went onto the Great Wall, we saw beautiful scenery(风景). We all were amazed(惊讶的) by how beautiful it was. We took quite a few photos there.

We had a good time there. The time flew by, and soon we had to go back. I was tired after traveling, but I really enjoyed visiting the Great Wall!

2
【题目要求】你的生活和饮食习惯健康吗？请以“My Lifestyle”为题写一篇短文来介绍你的生活饮食习惯。词数：80左右。【优秀范文】My LifestyleLet me tell you a little about my lifestyle. I often eat fruit and vegetables. Apples and oranges are my favorites. I love junk food, too, and I eat it three or four times a week. I sleep less than seven hours ever day. I often feel sleepy. I brush my teeth once a day. I run in the morning, and play ping-pong after school. In my free time, I enjoy surfing the Internet. On weekends, I often go to the movies with my friends.I think I’m kind of unhealthy. I shouldn’t eat too much junk food. I’ll try to have a balanced diet and sleep more. I should brush my teeth twice a day. I hope I can have a better lifestyle.3
【题目要求】请以“My best friend”为题写一篇介绍你的朋友的短文。短文要运用课文所学的有关句式，把你的朋友和你的长相（包括身高、头发、眼睛等）、体格(包括强壮强度等)、性格(开朗、文静等)、学习情况等方面进行比较。词数80左右。【优秀范文】My best friendMy best friend is Li Ming. We are in the same class. He is as old as me, but he is taller and stronger than me. Both of us have black eyes and black hair, but his hair is shorter than mine. As for hobbies, we have something in common  in some ways. I like the friends who have the same hobbies with me. Both of us like sports. We often exercises together after school. But he is more outgoing and better at sports than me. Besides, collecting stamps is our same hobby, too. We often exchange our stamps with each other. About the learning, I think I’m a little smarter than him. Most of my subjects are better than his, so I often help him with his study. 4
【题目要求】请以"My drem job"为题，介绍你的梦想。【优秀范文】My dream jobWhen I grow up , I’m going to be a journalist(记者). I have been eager(渴望的)to do something benificial(有益的)to the world. And I think it\\\\' suitable(适合的)for me to be a journalist.To realise(实现)my dream, I will study harder. What\\\\'s more, I am going to write articles(文章)for magazines and newspaper in my free time, so I can know more about the job. If I work hard enough, my dream will come ture. 5
【题目要求】谈谈你常看或最喜欢看的电视节目或电影，以及你的一些感想。词数：80左右。【优秀范文】My favorite TV programMy favorite TV program is Animal World. It’s very interesting and exciting. There I learn a lot kinds of animals. Some people think some animals are dangerous. They may hurt us humans. We can kill them. I can’t stand the idea. Each animal has its reason to live on the earth. They are important for the world. They keep a balance. If somebody breaks it, we humans may not be able to live on the earth.6
【题目要求】寒假即将来临，请根据以下提示写一篇短文，谈谈你的寒假计划。（1） 好好休息和放松；（2） 读书，因为读书既能开阔我的视野，还能学到很多知识；（3） 陪父母聊天，帮他们做家务；（4） 参加社会活动，认识更多的人。要求：（1）词数：80左右；（2）可围绕主题作适当发挥。参考词汇：knowledge 知识   social activities 社会活动【优秀范文】My winter vacationThe winter vacation is coming. I’m going to do what I want to do.First, I’m going to have a good rest and relax. I will read some good books. Reading books is useful because it can help me get more knowledge. It can open up my eyes to the world. Next, I’m going to spend more time talking with my parents. I will also try my best to help them do some housework. Then, I’m going to take part in social activities (社会活动)so that I can know more people.What do you think of my vacation? I hope you will have a happy winter vacation.7
【题目要求】以“The life in the future”为题写一篇文章，按下列提示完成。1. 想象一下未来生活会是什么样子；2. 具体介绍一下未来的生活：很多事情都由电脑和机器人完成。例如：料理家务、购物、看病，孩子们通过网络把课堂搬到家里，人们可以活到200岁等；3. 为了未来的生活，我们现在应该努力学习，实现理想。80词左右。【优秀范文】The life in the futureWhat do you think the life in the future will be like?Every family will have computers and robots. Computers will help us know a lot all over the world. Robots will help us do most of the housework. They can help us do some cleaning, cooking or washing. We can do some shopping and see a doctor without going out. Students can study at home on computers. People will live to be 200 years old because of the better medical care.Our life will be better and better. For this, we should study hard. I believe we’ll be able to do this.8
【题目要求】根据所给材料和提示语，写一篇短文描述怎么制作牛肉三明治。Ingredients（材料）:2 pieces of bread; 1 spoon of cheese; 1 green pepper; 1 onion; some mushrooms(蘑菇)；2 pieces of beef;2 spoons of relish(开胃小菜/调味品)要求：80词左右【优秀范文】Do you know to make the beef sandwich? Now, let me tell you.First, put a spoon of cheese on a piece of bread. Then cut up a green pepper and an onion. Add these to the bread. Next, put some mushrooms and 2 pieces of beef on the bread. Put two spoons of relish on the beef. Finally, the other piece of bread on the top.Now you can enjoy it. It’s very delicious.9
【题目要求】你是Mike,你去Marry 家，想问问她去不去参加你的生日聚会，但是她不在家，你给她留了便条。任务：请你用英语给Marry写一个50词左右的便条。内容包括：1. 明天是我的生日，你会参加我的生日聚会吗？聚会晚上6:30开始；2. 我的家人、朋友及同学都会来，你可以见到他们；3. 如果你来，就打电话给我，我希望你能来。【优秀范文】Dear Marry,I’m Mike. Tomorrow is my birthday. I want to invite you to take part in my birthday. Can you come tomorrow? The party will begin at half past six in the evening. My parents, friends and classmates will come, you can see them in the party. If you come to my birthday party, please make a phone call to me. I will be happy that you can come.Yours,Mike10
【题目要求】请以“If I have a lot of money”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。【优秀范文】If I have a lot of moneyIf I have a lot of money, I will have the chance to do what I want to do. First I’ll travel around the world, because I love traveling, and then I’ll give some money to schools and charities. I’ll try my best to help the people who are in trouble. Next, I will buy a big house with a garden and a swimming pool for my parents, so they will live a happy life. I’m sure we will enjoy a better life.

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