中世纪插图本中的100种奇异动物 | 佳作推荐
夹在古罗马与文艺复兴两座文明高峰之间的中世纪，常被称为动荡不安的“黑暗时期”。或许我们早该摒弃这一偏见了。
Parable of the Unicorn and the Two Rats
关于中世纪动物寓言的蓝本渊源已久，早在古希腊时期就已经出现动物寓言。到了12至13世纪，动物寓言已经在英格兰相当流行。 其广受欢迎可能和当时教育普及度极低相关，即便是不识字也能明白插画背后的故事，有利于教义的传播。
Beginning of the Gospel According to John
Rosh Hashanah
Yolande de Soissons and His Family Contmplating Saint Francis Preaching to the Birds
Wild Animals, Wild Men, and Wonders of Ethiopia
The Terrestrial Animals
Saint Lawrence, with Border of Fish and Eels
Eagle in Flight
《中世纪动物寓言集》呈现了中世纪动物世界的寓言和奇妙。书中的部分插图及理论或许会令今天的动物学家们目瞪口呆。那是因为动物肖像的绘制并不是基于科学观察，相反民间信仰和旅行者的见闻才是这本书的主要的信息来源。书中还有部分完全虚构的生物，这些诡谲离奇的非人类，有的看起来异常凶猛，有的则呆萌搞怪。虽然对现代人来说，它们是夺人眼球的珍稀品种，但在中世纪人眼中，它们却是其物质与精神世界中真切的存在。
Whale Mistaken for an Island by Sailors
The Behavior of the Wolf
Hunting Rabbits with Ferrets
The Phoenix in Its Pyre
A Hunter Pursuing a Female Monkey
Contents
Introduction 9
I
Man and Animal in the Medieval World
Chapter 1: Poetry, Symbols, and Presence in the World 17
Chapter 2: A Venerable Companionship, Ceaselessly Reinvented 29
Chapter 3: Lost Paradises, Bates, and Reconciliations 49
Chapter 4: A Geography of the Cosmos: Observation and Myth 69
Chapter 5: Hierarchies and Contraventions, Reason and Unreason 81
Postlude: A Community of Creatures 107
II
One Hundred Beasts
For the convenience of the reader, the creatures are here alphabetized by their English names. In the book, they appear in Latin order.
The Ant and the Antlion (Formica et mirmicoleon) 338
The Antelope (Autalops) 162
The Ass, the Mule, and the Onager (Asinus, mulus et onager) 154
The Basilisk (Basiliscus) 170
The Bat (Vespertilio) 580
The Bear (Ursus) 571
The Beaver (Castor) 219
The Bee (Apis) 136
The Blackbird (Merula) 404
The Boar and the Pig (Aper et porcus) 128
The Bonnacon (Bonnacon) 172
Bovines: The Bull, the Ox, the Cow, and theCalf (Bovini: taurus, bos, vacca, vitulus)175
The Butterly (Papilio) 462
The Caladrius (Caladrius) 188
The Camel and the Dromedary (Camelus et dromedarius) 196
The Cat (Musio) 428
The Centaur (Centaurus) 223
The Cinnamon Bird (Cinnamolgus) 241
The Cock and the Hen (Gallus a1 glina) 345
The Coot (Fulia) 342
The Crane (Grus) 348
The Crocodile (Crocodilus) 276
The Crow, the Magpie, and the Jay (Cornix, pic, pica et graculus) 263
Crustaceans (Crustata) 280
The Dog (Canis) 202
The Dolphin (Delpbin) 291
The Dove, the Pigeon, and the Turtledove (Columba et turtur) 249
The Dragon (Draco) 294
The Duck (Anas) 117
The Eagle (Aquila) 140
The Eel and the Lamprey (Anguilla et lampreda) 120
The Elephant (Elephas) 303
The Ercinee Bird, or the Waxwing (Ercinea aves) 322
The Falcon and the Goshawk (Falco et accpter) 330
Fishes (Pisces)496
The Fly (Musca) 425
The Fox (Vulpis) 585
The Frog and the Toad (Rana et bufo) 504
The Giraffe (Camelopardus) 192
The Goose (Anser) 125
The Griffin (Grypbus) 354
The Halcyon (Alcyon) 14
The Hedgehog and the Porcupine (Ericius et bitrix) 325
The Heron (Ardea) 150
The Hoopoe (Upupa) 567
The Horse (Equus) 308
The Hydra (Hydrus) 366
The Hyena, the Leucrota, the Crocotta, andtheLycaon (Hyaena, leucrota, crocotta etlycaon) 364
The Ibex (Ibex) 370
The Ibis (Ibis) 372
The Kite (Milvus) 409
The Lark (Alauda) 110
The Lion (Leo) 375
The Locust (Locuste) 382
The Lynx (Lynx) 401
The Manticore (Manticora) 402
The Mole (Talpa) 554
The Monkey (Simia) 538
The Mouse (Mus) 418
The Nightingale (Lucinia) 384
The Ostrich (Strutio) 550
The Otter (Lutra) 396
The Owl and the Nycticorax (Bubo et nycticorax) 183
The Panther (Panthera) 458
The Parandus and the Yale (Parandus et eale) 464
The Pard and the Leopard (Pardus et leopardus) 466
The Parrot (Psittacus) 502
The Partridge (Perdix) 487
The Peacock (Pavo) 477
The Pelican (Pelicanus) 480
The Phoenix (Pboenix) 490
The Quail (Coturnix) 273
The Rabbit and the Hare (Cuniculus et lepus) 284
The Raven (Corvus) 267
The Salamander (Salamandra) 509
The Satyr and the Wild Man (Satyrus) 511
The Scorpion (Scorpio) 521.
The Seahorse,the Hippocampus, and the Hippopotamus (Equusmarinus, hippocampus, hippopotamus) 318
Serpents(Serpentes) 526
TheSerra (Serra) 537
Sheep: The Ewe, the Ram, and the Lamb (Ovis: vervex, aries, agnus) 449
The She goat, the He-goat, and the Kid (Capra, bircus, capretus) 212
Shelfish and Mollusks (Concbae et mulluscae) 257
The Siren (Sirena) 546
The Snail (Cocblea) 243
The Sparrow and Other Songbirds (Passeres) 470
The Spider (Aranea) 146
The Squirrel (Sciurus) 514
The Stag (Cervus) 230
The Stork (Ciconia) 236
The Swallow (Hirundo) 361
The Swan (Olor) 440
The Tiger (Tigris) 561
The Tortoise (Testudo) 557
The Unicorn and the Rhinoceros (Monoceros, unicornis et rbinoceros) 411
The Vulture (Vultur) 590
The Weasel, the Genet, and Other Small Carnivores (Mustela, genetta et aliisminusculi carnivori) 434
The Whale (Balena) 166
The Wolf (Lupus) 387
The Worm (Vermis) 577
NOTES TO CHAPTERS ONE THROUGH FIVE 596
LIST OF MANUSCRIPTS REPRODUCED 598
BIBLIOGRAPHY 603
INDEX OF NAMES 611
正如，中世纪史学家曾提到：“生活在那个时代的人认为能想象出来的东西可能真实存在，幻想与现实的界线，对他们而言并不清晰明确。所以人与动物或植物的混合体、扭曲变形的人体、任何自然界万物在外形上的交流转换都是可能发生的，并不会与他们的认知相抵触。”
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