校长之声| 第018期：小作业·大舞台 Little Assignment·Big Stage
这是校长陪伴你的第18天 | 第018期
伍丹履
海嘉小学部副校长
海嘉教育研究院课程培训部主任
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Please refer to the text below:
亲爱的同学们：
在我们的中小学生活中，“作业“这两个字，是同学们最熟悉不过的了。你是否常常有做作业的烦恼呢？做作业是否拖沓呢？妈妈说，快写作业吧，你回答说，让我再玩一会吧。我今天想试着帮你解决这个烦恼。
在讲具体的方法之前，先来听听这个故事吧。故事的主人公是可汗学院的创始人萨尔曼·可汗。大家一定很熟悉他吧。你的老师有时候会发可汗学院的视频给你看。可汗从小就是一个学霸，他获得麻省理工学院的数学学士学位、电子工程与计算机科学学士学位及硕士学位。此后，他又获得了哈佛商学院获的硕士学位。毕业后刚开始他在一家金融机构工作。
2004年的一天，可汗上七年级的表妹纳迪亚遇到了数学难题, 向这位“数学天才”表哥求助。由于两人在不同的城市，可汗下班后，会接通电话来辅导她功课，效果甚好。后来越来越多的人找他辅导功课。他的一个朋友建议他把一些辅导课程录制下来，放到互联网上给更多的人看到。 他照做了。没想到，效果出奇得好。一些素不相识的人发来信，有的说：“我第一次微笑着做完微积分题 ”，有的说“我真是兴奋了一整天，因为我在课堂上看到这些矩阵文档，完全像是我懂的功夫”，有的说：“我十二岁的孩子很孤僻，他很反感数学，我们什么都试过了，什么都买过了，都没有用。我们看了你关于十进制的视频，居然起效果了，我们又看了你的其它视频，他都明白了。简直无法相信，太兴奋了。” 当观看可汗的视频的"学生"达到100个人的时候，可汗产生了一种社会责任感 ，他想让更多的人受益。于是，他成立了可汗学院，获得了投资，为成千上万的孩子提供免费的学习视频。
可汗学院创始人
小小视频让可汗成就了一份伟业。同样是做视频，可汗为什么能做出这么大的动静来？简单分析一下，我们就可以发现以下几个特点：
善意的目的(Purpose)：
为了更好地辅导孩子，提高数学成绩和兴趣
真实的观众(Audience)：
全世界所有可以连上网络的人
有影响力的形式(Format)：
Youtube 视频
丰富的反馈(Feedback)：
线上发来了各式积极的反馈
善意的目的(Purpose)：
作业能产生社会效应，可以帮助他人。想一想老师布置的这个作业是为了巩固哪一个知识点。这个知识点可以帮助其他人解决什么问题。比如，有同学运用数学、设计方面的知识，制作出了多功能垃圾箱。
有影响力的形式(Audience)：
有没有其他方式可以把你对作业的理解展现出来，比如视频、博客、广播等等。比如，有档节目叫《舌尖上的中国》，有些学生受到启发，做了《舌尖上的苏州》 、《舌尖上的天津》等等。
真实的观众(Format)：
比如，今天的作业是朗读课文，你可以在家里设置一个小剧场，让家人做听众，你做朗读者。或者你可以把自己的朗读录下来，通过各式APP分享给账号内的其他小朋友、大朋友听，甚至可以传递给没有充足书籍的朋友听。
丰富的反馈(Feedback)：
比如，当你写了一份关于“支持武汉抗疫”的博客文章，其他人可以给你点赞，对你的行文的点点滴滴做出反馈。
同学们，就这样，你把作业变成了作品。你就成为了知识的传播者、创造者，而不仅仅是吸收者。别人从你的作品当中受到启发，你就成为了他人的老师。也许你的作品还帮助了他人, 你的爱就传递了出去。其他人，世界上任何一个角落里的其他人，可以给你发来他的想法，你就收获了反馈。通过各种反馈，你会对这个知识或事物产生了独特的认识，而不仅限于书本上的标准答案。你的作业甚至还可以转化成为有价值的商品，产生经济效益。
美国数学协会前主席Francis Su 说过一句经典的名言：我们学习数学以娱乐，追求美，追求真理，追求正义和追求爱。
巴德学院音乐会现场
作业也是同此理。海嘉十年级学生谢嘉伦在疫情期间创作的的大卫被选做美国纽约巴德学院“为武汉募捐”音乐会的背景，就是一份“充满了美和爱”的作业。有同学把自己写的故事制作成绘本，搬上舞台，并捐给了贫困地区的孩子看。还有的学生设计出在微软Word上运用的独特的字体，让许多人受益，这些都是充满“乐趣、美丽和爱心”的作业。中国新年时，蒋老师班上孩子们制作的“皮影戏——三打白骨精”，郭老师班上的“少数民族建筑”等等……都是充满了“乐趣、美和真理”的作业。
学生作业展示
同学们，让我们一起用PAFF的思维来看待作业吧。愿你在作业里找到快乐、美、真理、正义和爱！
在平时的工作中，我也鼓励老师们采用PAFF的形式布置作业。有老师跟我说，当她采用这样的方式后，有孩子做作业更加认真了。有家长说，这样的作业，让老师与孩子之间产生了爱的链接。今天，我也邀请几位老师来一起谈谈感想。
陈雨彤老师
语文是源于生活的多彩学科，在这里我们不仅品味百家，也赏析经典，如今是科技的时代，语文更是多元化的，依靠科技的力量，作业也呈现了丰富性与多样性，当作业以视频、短片等方式保存，它不仅是一份作业，更是一份永久的记忆，这记忆终将是一段美好的成长足迹，伴随着我们目光和掌声，看着孩子们高飞远航！
王伟彦老师
阅读对于孩子的学习起着非常重要的作用，同时在成长的路上以特有的方式和力量让孩子们寻找和发现自己；阅读时光通过绘本故事的形式让孩子们在故事中学会分享和感恩，学会珍惜当下的幸福并学以致用通过作业的方式将温暖传递给困境中的人，用爱美丽这个世界！我们通过NEWSLETTER的形式将优秀的作品收集起来，孩子们将在阅读中的收获以他们独有的最自然最美的方式呈现出来，借此来激发更多孩子对阅读的兴趣！希望更多的孩子爱上阅读，通过阅读让每一个生命和她们的世界能够彼此成就，一起成为更美的故事！
雷佳琪老师
在这个特殊时刻，即便我们不能相见，网络仍将我们的心相连。体育锻炼与家务劳动成为学生的日常好习惯；一幅幅精美的手抄报将抗击疫情的决心呈现于眼前；一句句逆行者“辛苦了”让我们懂得感恩医护人员无私的奉献。学生们的作品在“红色武汉，加油武汉”的H5打卡接力中，得到了升华与呈现，那一颗颗红色的爱心接力，让我们看到了“嘉”人凝聚的力量，爱已春回大地，我们也会早日相见！
涂之香老师
我们培养孩子们用数学的眼光看世界，培养孩子们的观察能力。在学习完轴对称图形后，让孩子们去发现生活中的对称美、去剪辑自己眼中的对称美；我们培养孩子们用数学的语言表达世界，疫情期间让孩子们也利用所学的复式统计表表达他们对疫情的关心，并在收集大量数据后孩子们去分析，我们每个孩子都有自己的思考。孩子们的作业本来都是一张张普通的纸张，但是在编辑成视频后却变得有生命，能让人看到思维的火花，并且在观看过程中我们看到了孩子们智慧的结晶、感受到了孩子们的认真，似乎是跟着孩子们一起来了一趟数学思维的旅行，这是一件多么美妙的事情啊。
路兴敏老师
作为老师都有一颗爱才之心，面对学生的作品，收获的惊喜与温暖，短视频是一种非常好的传递工具。随着科技发展，高科技成就着更好的学生与老师。数学是一门源于生活且无比美妙的学科，通过传递，让更多的孩子发现数学之美，让更多孩子爱上数学，学好数学。何乐而不为呢？
Delinda Wu
Assistant Principal of BIBA’s Elementary School
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Dear Students,
In our primary and middle school life, the word “homework” is the most familiar to students. Do you often have troubles with homework? Are you postponing with homework? Mom said, write your homework, you answer let me play. I want to try to help you out today.
Before telling the specific method, let's listen to this story. The main character of the story is Salman Khan, the founder of the Khan Academy. Everyone must be familiar with him. Your teacher sometimes sends videos of Khan Academy to you. Khan has been a straight A student since he was a child. He has a bachelor's degree in mathematics, a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering and computer science, and a master's degree from MIT. He has since obtained a master's degree from Harvard Business School. Just after graduation he started working for a financial institution. One day in 2004, Khan's seventh-grade cousin Nadia encountered a mathematical problem and turned to the "math genius" cousin for help. Since the two were in different cities, Khan would answer the phone to help her with her homework after work, and the results were very good. Later, more and more people came to him to tutor his homework. A friend of his said, why don’t you record some tutorials and put them on the Internet for more people to see? He did.
Unexpectedly, the effect was surprisingly good. Some people sent him a letter said, “I finished the calculus problem with a smile for the first time,” and some said, “I ’m really excited all day because I saw these in class Matrix files, it’s totally like the kung fu I know. "Some said," My 12-year-old child finds difficulty in understanding mathematics. We tried everything, bought everything, and it was useless. We watched your video about decimal, and it actually worked. We watched your other videos, and he understood. I could n’t believe it, I was so excited. "When the" student "who watched his video reached 100，Khan developed a sense of social responsibility, and he wanted to benefit more people. So he founded the Khan Academy, received investment, and provided free learning videos for thousands of kids.
A small video made Khan a great success. Everyone make video, why did Khan make this big difference? After a brief analysis, we can find that it has the following characteristics:
Good Purpose:
In order to better coach the child, improve math performance and interest
Real Audience:
People who can connect to the Internet worldwide
Influential format:
Youtube video
Rich feedback:
all kinds of positive feedback have been sent online
I will summarize these four characteristics as the Paff. If we treat our homework in Paff's way, can it also produce the same effect?
Good intentions:
Homework can have social effects and help others. Think about what knowledge the teacher assigned this assignment to you for consolidation. What kind of problem can this knowledge point solve, and what problem can this knowledge point help others to solve. For example, some students used the knowledge of mathematics and design to make a multi-functional trash can.
Influential forms:
Is there any other way to show your understanding of homework, such as videos, blogs, radio, etc. For example, there is a program called "China on the Tip of the Tongue", and some students were inspired to do "Suzhou on the Tip of Tongue", "Tianjin on the Tip of Tongue" and so on.
Real audience:
For example, the reading assignments provided by the teachers, you can set up a small theater at home, let your family be the audience, and you be the reader. Or you can record your own reading aloud and share it with other children and big friends in your account through various APPs, and even pass it to friends who don’t have enough books to listen.
Abundant feedback:
For example, when you write a blog post about "Supporting Wuhan's Epidemic Relief", others can give you a thumbs up and give you feedback.
Dear students, just like that, you turned your assignment into a works. You become a communicator, a creator, and not just an absorber of knowledge. When others are inspired by your work, you become a teacher of others. Maybe your work helped others, and you passed on love to others. Others, anyone in any corner of the world, can send you his thoughts, and you will get feedback. Through various feedback, you have a unique understanding of this matter, rather than the standard answer in the book. Your assignment can also be converted into valuable goods, which can generate economic benefits.
Francis Su, former president of the American Mathematical Society, said a classic saying: We study mathematics for entertainment, for beauty, for truth, for justice and for love.
The same is true for assignment. “David”, an art work created by BIBA’s tenth grade student Helen during the epidemic, was selected as the background for the "Fund Raising for Wuhan" concert at Bard College in New York, USA. Some students made a picture book of the story they wrote, put it on the stage, and donated it to children in poor areas. Other students designed unique fonts used in Microsoft Word to benefit many people. These are assignments full of "fun, beauty, and love." During Chinese New Year Celebration, the " The Journey to the West shadow play" produced by the children in Teacher Jiang's class, the "Minority architecture" in Teacher Guo's class, and so on ... are all assignments full of "fun, beauty, and truth."
Students, let's use Paff's way of thinking to look at homework together. May you find happiness, beauty, truth, justice and love in your homework!
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