托珠单抗:重症COVID-19患者的治疗选择?
关于托珠单抗
鉴于中国医生在临床应用中发现托珠单抗在控制重症COVID-19患者肺部炎症方面具有疗效:用药后几天内迅速减少了发烧,同时也减少了补充氧气需求,今年3月初,中国国家卫健委就将托珠单抗纳入了COVID-19治疗指南,在第七版重型、危重型病例的治疗方案中,新增了免疫治疗方案:对双肺广泛病变者及重型患者,且实验室检测IL-6水平升高者,可试用托珠单抗治疗。
托珠单抗治疗重症COVID-19的临床试验
表1 Tocilizumab用于COVID-19治疗的临床研究汇总
此外,近日意大利药品监管局(AIFA)发布的一份报道显示[10],在早期COVID-19患者中,与标准护理相比,Tocilizumab并没有改善严重呼吸系统症状、减少进入ICU、降低死亡率。但对于重症COVID-19患者,IL-6抑制剂的治疗效果尚需进一步确认。
目前研究人员已经启动了一系列托珠单抗治疗COVID-19肺炎的临床试验,在中国临床试验注册中心共检索到4项托珠单抗用于新型冠状病毒肺炎疗效评价的临床试验,在ClinicalTrials官网共查询到58项托珠单抗用于新型冠状病毒肺炎疗效评价的临床试验[12]。
图2 托珠单抗用于新型冠状病毒肺炎的中国注册临床试验情况
国内在研托珠单抗类似物
雅美罗抗体序列专利已于2012年、2019年在欧洲和美国期限届满失效,且并未在中国申请抗体序列专利。截至2020年6月28日,有6家公司的托珠单抗生物类似物开展临床试验[11],其中丽珠医药的LZM008、百奥泰的BAT1806以及金宇生物的CMAB806临床进展最快,已进行至临床III期阶段,海正药业、江苏荃信、辽宁远大诺康/上海德思特力的托珠单抗生物类似物均处于临床I期阶段。
表1 国内在研托珠单抗生物类似物情况
小结
参考文献
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7. Morena V, Milazzo L, Oreni L, et al. Off-label use of tocilizumab for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Milan, Italy. Eur J Intern Med. 2020;76:36-42.doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.011
8. Campochiaro C, Della-Torre E, Cavalli G, et al. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab insevere COVID-19 patients: a single-centre retrospective cohort study. Eur J Intern Med. 2020;76:43-49. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.021
9. Guaraldi G, Meschiari M, Cozzi-Lepri A, et al. Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 2020; published onlineJune 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30173-9.
10. https://med.sina.com/article_detail_100_2_84413.html
11. https://new.qq.com/omn/20200215/20200215A0NZ7300.html?pc
12. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=tocilizumab+AND+COVID-19+&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=
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