你被“蚂蚁呀嘿”刷屏了吗？
近日，短视频特效“蚂蚁呀嘿”刷屏网络，制作这种特效的换脸软件Avatarify也因此火了一把。
This Open-Source Program Deepfakes You During Zoom Meetings, in Real Time
VICE
Video conferencing apps like Zoom and Skype are usually boring and often frustrating. With more people than ever using this software to work from home, users are finding new ways to spice up endless remote meetings and group hangs by looping videos of themselves looking engaged, adding wacky backgrounds, and now, using deepfake filters for impersonating celebrities when you're tired of your own face staring back at you in the front-facing camera window.
Avatarify is a program that superimposes someone else's face onto yours in real-time, during video meetings. The code is available on Github for anyone to use.
Programmer Ali Aliev used the open-source code from the "First Order Motion Model for Image Animation," published on the arxiv preprint server earlier this year, to build Avatarify. First Order Motion, developed by researchers at the University of Trento in Italy as well as Snap, Inc., drives a photo of a person using a video of another person—such as footage of an actor—without any prior training on the target image.
With other face-swap technologies, like deepfakes, the algorithm is trained on the face you want to swap, usually requiring several images of the person's face you're trying to animate. This model can do it in real-time, by training the algorithm on similar categories of the target (like faces).
"I ran [the First Order Model] on my PC and was surprised by the result. What’s important, it worked fast enough to drive an avatar real-time," Aliev told Motherboard. "Developing a prototype was a matter of a couple of hours and I decided to make fun of my colleagues with whom I have a Zoom call each Monday. And that worked. As they are all engineers and researchers, the first reaction was curiosity and we soon began testing the prototype."
Aliev made a video of himself as Elon Musk, pretending to join the wrong meeting, to demonstrate the tech. It's pretty clear that it's a fake, but the eyes and head move around well enough that it'd be a neat trick for a few seconds, before the rest of the call looks any closer.
Motherboard tested Avatarify, which is available open-source on Github, and found that while the code itself is accessible, it still requires a bit of programming knowledge and some decent hardware to run the app. You have to run Zoom or Skype, as well as streaming software and Avatarify at the same time, which takes a decent amount of computing power.
"The idea after Avatarify is availability and fun. Certainly it requires a powerful gaming PC to work smoothly, but we think optimization for laptops is just a matter of time," Aliev said. "It just allows people to have some fun while being locked down at home."
To be believable, you'd need to throw your voice to impersonate the face you're making—something deepfakes still struggle with doing realistically, like that awful vocal impression of Mark Zuckerberg. But some companies, like Dessa, are nailing audio deepfakes; combined with a Zoom bombing, tech like this could seem convincingly real.
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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
This Open-Source Program Deepfakes You During Zoom Meetings, in Real Time
VICE
Video conferencing apps like Zoom and Skype are usually boring and often frustrating. With more people than ever using this software to work from home, users are finding new ways to spice up endless remote meetings and group hangs by looping videos of themselves looking engaged, adding wacky backgrounds, and now, using deepfake filters for impersonating celebrities when you're tired of your own face staring back at you in the front-facing camera window.
像Zoom和Skype这样的视频会议应用通常很无聊，而且经常令人沮丧。随着越来越多的人使用这种软件在家办公，用户正在寻找新的方法来为无休止的远程会议和群组聚会增添乐趣，他们可以循环播放自己看起来很投入的视频，添加古怪的背景，现在，当你厌倦了自己的脸在前面的摄像头窗口中盯着你看时，还可以使用deepfake滤镜来扮演名人。
spice up
表示“给（演说、故事或表演）增添趣味”，英文解释为“to add excitement or interest to a speech, story, or performance”举个🌰：
He'd spiced up his speech with a few rude jokes.
他讲了几个粗俗的笑话，让自己的讲话显得更有趣一点。
group hang
此处机器译为“群组聚会”，hang作名词词典里似乎没有相关含义。不过，有个动词短语叫hang out应该都比较熟悉，表示“闲逛，逗留”，就是和朋友一起出去玩，英文解释为“If you hang out in a particular place or area, you go and stay there for no particular reason, or spend a lot of time there.”举个🌰：
I often used to hang out in supermarkets.
我过去常常到超市闲逛。
因此就衍生出名词hangout，也就等同于hang作名词，指的是：（某一群人）常去的地方；聚集地，英文解释为：If a place is a hangout for a particular group of people, they spend a lot of time there because they can relax and meet other people there. 举个🌰：
By the time he was sixteen, he already knew most of the city's teenage hangouts.
他16岁的时候已经知道了城里青少年常去的大多数地方。
🎵美剧《疯狂前女友》（Crazy Ex-Girlfriend）里的有个插曲就叫《Group Hang》。
wacky
wacky /ˈwækɪ/ 表示“滑稽的；古怪的；疯疯癫癫的”，英文解释为“unusual in a pleasing and exciting or silly way”如：wacky ideas 滑稽可笑的想法。
filter
1）表示“筛选（过滤）程序”，英文解释为“a program that stops certain types of electronic information, email, etc. being sent to a computer.”
2）表示“滤器；过滤器”，英文解释为“a device containing paper, sand, chemicals, etc. that a liquid or gas is passed through in order to remove any materials that are not wanted”
3）此前在尴尬！视频会议忘关摄像头......文中介绍有公司主管在线会议时，误开滤镜特效，会议全程整个人变成土豆头🥔，就提到：she could not figure out how to remove the filter. 主管一直搞不清要怎么关掉滤镜。此处的filter指的就是滤镜。
impersonate
表示“假扮；模仿”，英文解释为“If someone impersonates a person, they pretend to be that person, either to deceive people or to make people laugh.”举个🌰：
He was returned to prison in 2005 for impersonating a police officer.
他2005年因假扮一名警官再次入狱。
Avatarify is a program that superimposes someone else's face onto yours in real-time, during video meetings. The code is available on Github for anyone to use.
Avatarify是一个程序，它可以在视频会议期间，将别人的脸实时叠加到你的脸上。代码在Github上提供给任何人使用。
superimpose
superimpose表示“使（尤指图片、文字等）叠加，将…放在他物之上 ”（to put especially a picture, words, etc. on top of something else, especially another picture, words, etc., so that what is in the lower position can still be seen, heard, etc.）举个🌰：
The book cover had a picture of a dove superimposed on a battle scene.
这本书封面上的战争画面中添加了一只和平鸽。
Programmer Ali Aliev used the open-source code from the "First Order Motion Model for Image Animation," published on the arxiv preprint server earlier this year, to build Avatarify. First Order Motion, developed by researchers at the University of Trento in Italy as well as Snap, Inc., drives a photo of a person using a video of another person—such as footage of an actor—without any prior training on the target image.
程序员阿里·阿利耶夫（Ali Aliev）使用今年早些时候发表在arxiv预印平台上的论文“First Order Motion Model for Image Animation”的开源代码来构建Avatarify。First Order Motion模型是由意大利特伦托大学（University of Trento）以及Snap公司的研究人员开发的，它使用另一个人的视频--比如演员的视频片段--让（静态）图片动起来，而不需要事先对目标图像进行任何训练。
footage
表示“（描述某一事件的）片段镜头”，英文解释为“Footage of a particular event is a film of it or the part of a film which shows this event.”举个🌰：
They are planning to show exclusive footage from this summer's festivals.
他们计划独家播放今年夏季节日活动的片断镜头。
补充：
📍closed-circuit footage指的是监控录像画面；
📍CCTV：此CCTV非彼CCTV，其中的CC就是Closed Circuit的缩写，TV就是电视Television的缩写。
📍 那么CCTV，闭路电视什么意思呢？据维基百科，闭路电视（简称CCTV）是指在特定的区域进行视频传输，并只在固定回路设备里播放的电视系统。例如录像机、大楼内的监视器等。这类播放模式就被称作闭路电视。下次看看你可以观察下监控摄像头墙边上是不是有CCTV的字样。
With other face-swap technologies, like deepfakes, the algorithm is trained on the face you want to swap, usually requiring several images of the person's face you're trying to animate. This model can do it in real-time, by training the algorithm on similar categories of the target (like faces).
对于其他的人脸交换技术，比如deepfakes，算法是在你想要交换的人脸上进行训练的，通常需要几张你想要动画化的人脸图像。这个模型可以通过在目标（比如人脸）的相似类别上训练算法来实时完成。
swap
可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“交换”，英文解释为“If you swap something with someone, you give it to them and receive a different thing in exchange.”举个🌰：
Next week they will swap places and will repeat the switch weekly.
下周他们将互换位置，以后将每周换一次。
"I ran [the First Order Model] on my PC and was surprised by the result. What's important, it worked fast enough to drive an avatar real-time," Aliev told Motherboard. "Developing a prototype was a matter of a couple of hours and I decided to make fun of my colleagues with whom I have a Zoom call each Monday. And that worked. As they are all engineers and researchers, the first reaction was curiosity and we soon began testing the prototype."
“我在电脑上运行了[First Order模型]，结果让我很惊讶。最重要的是，它的运行速度足够快，可以实时让头像动起来，”阿利耶夫告诉Motherboard。“开发一个原型是几个小时的事情，我决定拿我的同事开涮，我每周一都会和他们进行Zoom通话。这招果然奏效。由于他们都是工程师和研究人员，第一反应就是好奇，我们很快就开始测试原型。”
avatar
avatar /ˈævəˌtɑː/ 表示“（某些网上聊天室或网上游戏中代表个人的）头像，虚拟替身，图标”，英文解释为“a picture of a person or animal that represents you on a computer screen, for example in some chat room s or when you are playing games over the Internet”，还可以指“神的化身”，英文解释：a person or animal who is really a god in human or animal form literary. 那部非常著名的电影《阿凡达》的英文名即为：Avatar.
那么，微信头像就叫WeChat Avatar吗？我们看看微信官方怎么说的吧，把你的微信语言设置成英文，你就可以看到，微信英文版中把头像处理成：Profile Photo，上面的“My Profile”对应的中文则是“个人信息”。
prototype
表示“样机；原型”，英文解释为“A prototype is a new type of machine or device that is not yet ready to be made in large numbers and sold”举个🌰：
He has built a prototype of a machine called the wave rotor.
他做出了一台叫做波转子的样机。
Aliev made a video of himself as Elon Musk, pretending to join the wrong meeting, to demonstrate the tech. It's pretty clear that it's a fake, but the eyes and head move around well enough that it'd be a neat trick for a few seconds, before the rest of the call looks any closer.
阿利耶夫把自己扮成埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk），假装进错会议，制作了一段视频来演示这项技术。很明显，这是假的。但在接下来的通话看起来更像之前，眼睛和头部移动得很好，持续了几秒钟，这就很巧妙了。
Motherboard tested Avatarify, which is available open-source on Github, and found that while the code itself is accessible, it still requires a bit of programming knowledge and some decent hardware to run the app. You have to run Zoom or Skype, as well as streaming software and Avatarify at the same time, which takes a decent amount of computing power.
Motherboard测试了Avatarify，它在Github上开源，并发现虽然代码本身是可以访问的，但仍然需要一点编程知识和良好的硬件来运行这个应用程序。你必须同时运行Zoom或Skype，以及流媒体软件和Avatarify，这需要相当大的计算能力。
"The idea after Avatarify is availability and fun. Certainly it requires a powerful gaming PC to work smoothly, but we think optimization for laptops is just a matter of time," Aliev said. "It just allows people to have some fun while being locked down at home."
“Avatarify之后的想法是可用性和趣味性。当然，它需要一台强大的游戏电脑才能顺利运行，但我们认为针对笔记本电脑的优化只是时间问题。”阿利耶夫说。“它只是让人们在被封锁在家里的时候，可以享受一些乐趣。”
optimization
表示“最佳化，最优化”，英文解释为“the act of making something as good as possible”。
动词optimize表示“使优化”，英文解释为“To optimize a plan, system, or machine means to arrange or design it so that it operates as smoothly and efficiently as possible.”举个🌰：
The new systems have been optimized for running Microsoft Windows.
新系统已经被优化，以便运行微软Windows系统。
To be believable, you'd need to throw your voice to impersonate the face you're making—something deepfakes still struggle with doing realistically, like that awful vocal impression of Mark Zuckerberg. But some companies, like Dessa, are nailing audio deepfakes; combined with a Zoom bombing, tech like this could seem convincingly real.
为了让人相信，你需要变声使你的嗓音听起来像你模仿的人--这点deepfakes仍然难以做到足够真实，就像马克·扎克伯格（Mark Zuckerberg）的那个可怕的声音给人留下的印象。但有些公司，比如Dessa，正在攻克音频领域的deepfakes；结合Zoom会议软件，这样的技术似乎可以令人深信不疑。
throw your voice
表示“使变音；使嗓音听起来像来自他人（或别处）”，英文解释为“to make your voice sound as if it is coming from another person or place”。
vocal
1）表示“喜欢畅所欲言的；直言不讳的；大声表达的”，英文解释为“often expressing opinions and complaints in speech”举个🌰：
During these years, suffrage demands by women became increasingly vocal.
那些年，女性要求获得投票权的呼声越来越高。
2）表示“嗓音的；发声的”，英文解释为“connected with the voice”，如：vocal music 声乐。
3）作名词，通常复数，表示“（乐曲中的）歌唱部分，声乐部分”（the part of a piece of music that is sung, rather than played on a musical instrument），如：backing vocals 伴唱。
📍看过《乘风破浪的姐姐》的小伙伴应该对这个词很熟悉，所谓的“倭寇担当”，就是“vocal 担当”，可惜 vocal /ˈvəʊkl/ 真的不是读作“倭寇”。
How to pronounce VOCAL in British English (from: Collins A-Z)
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