1/1411780000
今天，备受关注的第七次全国人口普查数据出炉。
2020年，我国总人口达到14.1亿人，约占全球总人口的18%，仍然是世界第一人口大国。从人口总量上看，虽然我国人口总量增速是放缓的，但仍然保持了平稳增长。其中，具有大学文化程度的人口为21836万人。
无注释原文：
China says its population is still growing, if slowly, in once-a-decade census
The Washington Post
The official word from Beijing is that China’s population is still growing — if barely.
China released its once-a-decade census results on Tuesday, rejecting whispers that the country may have reached the inflection point where its population begins to shrink. Still, officials acknowledged the looming demographic challenges of an aging population and a stubbornly low birthrate.
According to the census, China’s population reached 1.41 billion in 2020, up from 1.40 billion in 2019. Average annual population growth over the past decade was 0.53 percent.
“The population growth rate will continue to slow down in the future,” said Ning Jizhe, a commissioner of China’s National Bureau of Statistics, at a news conference in Beijing.
Ning declined to forecast when China’s population will peak, but said the overall figure will remain above 1.4 billion for a while into the future.
Chinese economists have warned of a potential demographic crisis if not enough children are born in coming years — leading to societal strains as fewer young people work to support a larger aging population.
The numbers hinted at challenges ahead for China. Ning said there were only 12 million births in 2020, down from 18 million and 17 million in 2016 and 2017, respectively.
Compared with 2010, the number of working-age people age 16 to 59 decreased by 40 million. The census put the average age of the Chinese population at 38.8, higher than the United States’ 38.
Chinese researchers have forecast that the country’s population will peak in the next few years. Cai Fang, a scholar who sits on the monetary policy committee of the People’s Bank of China, estimated in an essay this month that the peak may come before 2025.
In 1980, China adopted a one-child policy as its population ballooned. This remained in place until 2015, when it was relaxed to two children per family. After an initial uptick in births, the two-child policy has not resulted in the sustained baby boom that officials hoped for, with many young people wary of the cost of raising more than one child.
Beijing has taken further steps to promote births. China’s National Health Commission announced in February a pilot program to lift birth restrictions in the northeast rust belt provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning.
He Yafu, an independent demographer, told the Global Times this week that there is no doubt that China will fully lift birth restrictions in the near future to counter the declining birthrate.
China is still the world’s most populous country, but with India narrowing the gap. The United Nations estimated India’s population in 2019 at 1.37 billion.
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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
China says its population is still growing, if slowly, in once-a-decade census
The Washington Post
The official word from Beijing is that China's population is still growing — if barely.
中国官方宣布，中国的人口增速放缓但仍保持增长。
if
这个if显然不是“如果”的意思，此处置于形容词之前，引出对比，表示“虽然，尽管”，英文解释为“used before an adjective to introduce a contrast”举个🌰：
He's a good driver, if a little over-confident.
他是个好司机，虽然有点过于自信。
China released its once-a-decade census results on Tuesday, rejecting whispers that the country may have reached the inflection point where its population begins to shrink. Still, officials acknowledged the looming demographic challenges of an aging population and a stubbornly low birthrate.
中国在周二发布了十年一次的人口普查结果，否认了关于中国可能已经达到人口开始缩减的拐点的传言。但是，官员们仍然承认，人口老龄化和生育率较低是迫在眉睫的人口挑战。
census
census /ˈsensəs/ 表示“人口普查”，英文解释为“A census is an official survey of the population of a country that is carried out in order to find out how many people live there and to obtain details of such things as people's ages and jobs.”举个🌰：
The detailed assessment of the latest census will be ready in three months.
有关最新人口普查的详细评估工作将在3个月内就绪。
whisper
表示“传言；谣传”，英文解释为“a piece of news that is spread by being talked about but may not be true”举个🌰：
I've heard whispers that he's leaving.
我听人传说他要走。
shrink
作动词，表示“（使）缩小，（使）变小”，英文解释为“to become smaller, or to make something smaller”举个🌰：
The market for their products is shrinking.
市场对他们产品的需求在减少。
inflection point
表示“重要转折点；拐点”，英文解释为“a time of sudden, noticeable, or important change in a industry, company, market, etc.”举个🌰：
The invention of the microprocessor was an inflection point.
微型处理器的发明是一个重要转折点。
looming
表示“（不希望或不愉快的事情）迫近的，逼近的”，英文解释为“(of something unwanted or unpleasant) about to happen soon and causing worry”如：the looming crisis 迫在眉睫的危机。
demographic
表示“人口的；人口统计的；人口学的”，英文解释为“relating to demography (= the study of populations and the different groups that make them up)”举个🌰：
There have been monumental social and demographic changes in the country.
该国的社会和人口状况已经发生了巨大的变化。
According to the census, China's population reached 1.41 billion in 2020, up from 1.40 billion in 2019. Average annual population growth over the past decade was 0.53 percent.
根据人口普查，中国的人口在2020年达到14.1亿，比2019年的14.0亿有所增加。过去十年的年平均增长率为0.53%。
“The population growth rate will continue to slow down in the future,” said Ning Jizhe, a commissioner of China's National Bureau of Statistics, at a news conference in Beijing.
“今后的人口增速将继续放缓，”国家统计局局长宁吉喆在北京的一次新闻发布会上说。
commissioner
表示“（政府部门的）首长，长官”，英文解释为“he head of a government department in some countries”举个🌰：
Commissioner R was unavailable for comment.
R局长无暇评论。
Ning declined to forecast when China's population will peak, but said the overall figure will remain above 1.4 billion for a while into the future.
宁吉喆没有预测中国人口将在什么时候达到峰值，但他说在未来一段时间内我国人口总量会保持在14亿人以上。
decline
表示“谢绝；婉言拒绝”，英文解释为“If you decline something or decline to do something, you politely refuse to accept it or do it. ”举个🌰：
He declined their invitation.
他谢绝了他们的邀请。
peak
表示“达到峰值”，英文解释为“When something peaks, it reaches its highest value or its highest level.”举个🌰：
Temperatures have peaked at over 90 degrees.
温度已达到峰值，超过了90度。
Chinese economists have warned of a potential demographic crisis if not enough children are born in coming years — leading to societal strains as fewer young people work to support a larger aging population.
中国的经济学家警告说，如果未来几年没有足够的孩子出生，就会出现潜在的人口危机--导致社会压力，因为越来越少的年轻人工作来支持更多的老龄人口。
strain
1）表示“压力；重负；重压之下出现的问题（或担忧等）”，英文解释为“pressure on sb/sth because they have too much to do or manage, or sth very difficult to deal with; the problems, worry or anxiety that this produces”举个🌰：
You will learn to cope with the stresses and strains of public life.
你要学会怎样应付公众人物生活的紧张和辛劳。
2）表示“（动植物的）品系，株系，品种”，英文解释为“an animal or plant from a particular group whose characteristics are different in some way from others of the same group”举个🌰：
Scientists have discovered a new strain of the virus which is much more dangerous.
科学家们已经发现了一种危险得多的新病毒。
📍前几天，9000名乘客因鼻拭子重复使用受害文中刚出现的例句：The health ministry confirmed this week that it had recorded two cases of the more infectious strain that was first detected in India. 卫生部本周证实，已发现了两例在印度首次发现的更具传染性的病毒株。
The numbers hinted at challenges ahead for China. Ning said there were only 12 million births in 2020, down from 18 million and 17 million in 2016 and 2017, respectively.
这些数字暗示了中国未来的挑战。宁吉喆说，2020年的出生人数只有1200万，分别低于2016年和2017年的1800万和1700万。
hint at
表示“暗示；透露；示意”，英文解释为“If you hint at something, you suggest it in an indirect way.”举个🌰：
What are you hinting at?
你在暗示什么？
Compared with 2010, the number of working-age people age 16 to 59 decreased by 40 million. The census put the average age of the Chinese population at 38.8, higher than the United States' 38.
与2010年相比，16至59岁劳动年龄人口（working-age people）减少4000多万人。普查结果显示，中国人口平均年龄为38.8岁，高于美国的38岁。
put sth at sth
表示“推测，估计（某物的价格、大小、数量等）”，英文解释为“to guess or roughly calculate that something will cost a particular amount, or that something is a particular size, number, or amount”举个🌰：
The value of the painting has been put at £1 million.
这幅画估价为100万英镑。
I'd put her at (= guess that her age is) about 20.
我估计她大约20岁。
Chinese researchers have forecast that the country's population will peak in the next few years. Cai Fang, a scholar who sits on the monetary policy committee of the People's Bank of China, estimated in an essay this month that the peak may come before 2025.
中国的研究人员预测，中国人口将在未来几年达到峰值。在中国人民银行货币政策委员会任职的学者蔡昉在本月的一篇文章中估计，峰值可能会在2025年之前到来。
sit on
表示“（在…中）任职；任（…的）代表；担任”，英文解释为“to have an official position as sth or as a member of sth ”举个🌰：
She sat on a number of committees.
她在几个委员会里任职。
In 1980, China adopted a one-child policy as its population ballooned. This remained in place until 2015, when it was relaxed to two children per family. After an initial uptick in births, the two-child policy has not resulted in the sustained baby boom that officials hoped for, with many young people wary of the cost of raising more than one child.
1980年，随着中国人口的膨胀，中国采取了独生子女政策。这一政策一直保持到2015年，当时放宽到每个家庭可生育两个孩子。在最初的出生率上升之后，二胎政策并没有带来所希望的持续的婴儿潮，许多年轻人对抚养一个以上的孩子的成本持谨慎态度。
balloon
作动词，熟词僻义，表示“（数量上）猛增”，英文解释为“When something balloons, it increases rapidly in amount.”举个🌰：
The jail's female and minority populations have both ballooned in recent years.
该监狱的女性及少数民族犯人在近几年都猛增了。
uptick
表示“增长”，英文解释为“an increase in something”。
sustained
1）表示“持续的，持久的”，英文解释为“continuing for a long time”举个🌰：
His speech was greeted by sustained applause.
他的演讲博得了经久不息的掌声。
2）表示“坚定的，坚持不懈的”（determined），2020年政府工作报告中的例句：持续打造市场化、法治化、国际化营商环境 make sustained efforts to create a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment.
baby boom
表示“婴儿潮；生育高峰期”，英文解释为“A baby boom is a period of time when a lot of babies are born in a particular place.”
be wary of
表示“（对待人或事物时）小心的，谨慎的，留神的，小心翼翼的”，英文解释为“careful when dealing with sb/sth because you think that there may be a danger or problem”举个🌰：
She was wary of getting involved with him.
她唯恐和他有牵连。
📺美剧《迷失》（Lost）中的台词提到：I think you'll find people slightly wary of entering the jungle 我想你会发现 以后人们进丛林会很谨慎的。
Beijing has taken further steps to promote births. China's National Health Commission announced in February a pilot program to lift birth restrictions in the northeast rust belt provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning.
中国已经采取了进一步措施来促进生育。中国国家卫生委员会在2月份宣布了一项试点计划，在黑龙江、吉林和辽宁等东北“铁锈地带”取消生育限制。
rust belt
表示“铁锈地带；尤指美国北部衰败或萧条的工业区；在美国等国家，原先有大量制造厂而现在面临经济困难的地区”，英文解释为“In the United States and some other countries, the Rust Belt is a region which used to have a lot of manufacturing industry, but whose economy is now in difficulty.”如：in the rust belt of the Midwest 在中西部的铁锈地带。
He Yafu, an independent demographer, told the Global Times this week that there is no doubt that China will fully lift birth restrictions in the near future to counter the declining birthrate.
独立人口学家何亚福本周告诉《环球时报》，毫无疑问，中国将在不久的将来全面取消生育限制，以应对出生率的下降。
counter
作动词，表示“反驳；反对；对抗”，英文解释为“to react to something with an opposing opinion or action, or to defend yourself against something”举个🌰：
When criticisms were made of the school's performance, the parents' group countered with details of its exam results.
当有人对学校的业绩提出批评时，家长团举出具体的考试成绩予以反驳。
China is still the world's most populous country, but with India narrowing the gap. The United Nations estimated India's population in 2019 at 1.37 billion.
中国仍然是世界上人口最多的国家，但与印度的差距正在缩小。联合国估计2019年印度的人口为13.7亿。
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