AI修复让李大钊陈延年们露出微笑
李大钊、陈延年、向警予、方志敏、赵一曼、董存瑞……露出微笑的那一刻，让人感动不已。
借此机会，我们来看看很火的一个AI换脸软件「FaceApp」的相关介绍，除了一键转笑脸，还能变什么花样呢。
无注释原文：
This app uses neural networks to put a smile on anybody’s face
The Verge
Jan 27, 2017
2017 may be the year the US starts a nuclear war because someone tweets something mean about Donald Trump, but at least we’re getting some weird selfie apps before we go. Earlier this month we had Meitu, which made you look like a terrifying anime character and possibly tracked your location data, and this week we have FaceApp, which uses neural networks to paste a smile on anybody’s photo and possibly steals your soul or something.
The app is iOS only and very hit-and-miss. You can see it did quite a good job with Trump up top, but that’s because his face is quite small in the photo, he doesn’t have a beard, and he’s looking straight at the camera. Add in any of these elements, and the results become much less convincing, as with Wesley Snipes below:
Adding smiles isn’t all the app can do, though. You can also make people old, young, male, female, and “hot.” (Like Meitu, this mainly makes you skin paler; an example of the often racist association of paleness with beauty.) The gender swapping is perhaps the most interesting feature, and often turns out some quite convincing results. But for some reason, you can only access it in “collage” mode, meaning the resulting images are quite small.
FaceApp isn’t anything more than a fun distraction, but it does demonstrate something we’ve written about before: how artificial intelligence is making it easier than ever to morph and manipulate photos.
As with Russian app Prisma, which uses an AI technique named “style transfer” to make selfies look like famous paintings, FaceApp is leveraging the power of neural networks; sending images to the cloud to transform them. With Prisma, its creators slowly improved the app by making the neural nets faster, adding more filters, and allowing the software to run locally on users’ phones. Then Google announced it had created similar software; then Facebook. It’s not impossible that FaceApp could make a similar journey to the mainstream, although modifying photos in this way is trickier than style transfer, and might be too taxing to work locally.
Yaroslav Goncharov, an ex-Yandex exec and CEO of the Russian company that created the app, Wireless Lab, told The Verge that an Android version of FaceApp is already in alpha and should be out soon. He said that the neural networks involved were trained by Wireless Lab “from scratch” and claimed that no other commercial products offered photo modifications as good. (Although there have been similar research prototypes, like Tom White’s SmileVector.)
Goncharov also confirmed that photos uploaded to the app are stored on the company’s servers to save bandwidth if several filters are applied, but get deleted not long after. And, he added, unlike the Meitu app, FaceApp doesn’t require any weird system permissions or track data like GPS. New filters will be coming to successive versions of the app, including some emulating photo effects like bokeh and different lighting setups.
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
This app uses neural networks to put a smile on anybody’s face
The Verge
Jan 27, 2017
2017 may be the year the US starts a nuclear war because someone tweets something mean about Donald Trump, but at least we're getting some weird selfie apps before we go. Earlier this month we had Meitu, which made you look like a terrifying anime character and possibly tracked your location data, and this week we have FaceApp, which uses neural networks to paste a smile on anybody's photo and possibly steals your soul or something.
2017年可能是美国发动核战争的一年，因为有人在推特上发了一些关于唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）的坏话，但至少我们在走之前得到了一些奇怪的自拍应用。本月早些时候，我们有美图，它让你看起来像一个可怕的动漫人物，并可能跟踪你的位置数据，本周我们有FaceApp，它使用神经网络在任何人的照片里加上微笑，并可能偷走你的灵魂或什么东西。
tweet/retweet
tweet作名词，表示“发布在推特上的信息”，其实指的就是“推文”，英文解释为“a short remark or piece of information published on Twitter”；作动词，指的就是“发推文，发推特”（to publish a short remark or piece of information on Twitter），retweet就是转发推文，举个🌰：
He tweeted that he was just about to meet the president.
他发推特说自己即将见到总统。
weird
表示“奇异的；不寻常的；怪诞的”，英文解释为“very strange or unusual and difficult to explain”，如：a weird dream 离奇的梦。
📺美剧《疑犯追踪》（Person of Interest）第三季中的台词提到：Just when I think life with you people couldn't get any weirder, one of you takes it to the next level. 每次我以为跟你们混的日子已经怪得登峰造极时，你们总有人能再创新高。
track
1）表示“跟踪，追踪”，英文解释为“to follow a person or animal by looking for proof that they have been somewhere, or by using electronic equipment”；
2）表示“追踪，记录…的进展”，英文解释为“to record the progress or development of something over a period”举个🌰：
We continued tracking the plane on our radar.
我们继续用雷达追踪那架飞机。
🎬 电影《博物馆奇妙夜3》（Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb）中的台词提到：You're sort of set up to track my phone? You track my phone? 你装定位追踪我的手机？你竟然追踪我的手机？
neural
表示“神经的；神经系统的”，英文解释为“involving a nerve or the system of nerves that includes the brain ”举个🌰：
Some people suffered severe neural damage as a result of the disease.
有些人罹患这种疾病后神经受到严重损伤。
📍neural networks 神经网络
paste
📍复制、粘贴、剪切英语怎么说？Copy, Paste, and Cut.
paste /peɪst/ 表示“粘贴；贴入；插入”，英文解释为“to copy or move text into a document from another place or another document”。
The app is iOS only and very hit-and-miss. You can see it did quite a good job with Trump up top, but that's because his face is quite small in the photo, he doesn't have a beard, and he's looking straight at the camera. Add in any of these elements, and the results become much less convincing, as with Wesley Snipes below:
这款应用只在iOS平台上使用（注：目前Android也有），而且时好时坏。你可以看到它在特朗普照片上效果相当好，但那是因为他的脸在照片中相当小，他没有胡子，而且他直视着相机。加入任何这些元素，结果就变得不那么有说服力了，就像下面的韦斯利·斯奈普斯（Wesley Snipes）。
hit-and-miss
表示“没准的，碰运气的”，英文解释为“If something is hit-and-miss, you cannot depend on it to be of good quality, on time, accurate, etc.”举个🌰：
The trains are often late, so getting to work on time is a fairly hit-and-miss affair.
火车经常晚点，所以准时上班在很大程度上是件碰运气的事。
Adding smiles isn't all the app can do, though. You can also make people old, young, male, female, and “hot.” (Like Meitu, this mainly makes you skin paler; an example of the often racist association of paleness with beauty.) The gender swapping is perhaps the most interesting feature, and often turns out some quite convincing results. But for some reason, you can only access it in “collage” mode, meaning the resulting images are quite small.
不过，添加笑脸并不是该应用程序的全部功能。你还可以让人变老，变年轻，变男，变女，变“火辣”。（和美图一样，这主要是让你的皮肤变得更白；这也是将白皙与美丽联系在一起的种族主义的例子）。性别互换也许是最有趣的功能，而且往往会产生一些相当有说服力的结果。但由于某些原因，你只能在“拼贴画”模式下使用它，这意味着生成的图像相当小。
pale/paleness
pale /peɪl/ 表示“（脸色或肤色）苍白的，白的”，英文解释为“used to describe a person's face or skin if it has less colour than usual, for example when the person is or ill or frightened, or if it has less colour than people generally have”举个🌰：
You're looking pale - are you feeling well?
你看上去脸色苍白——你病了吗？
📍名词：paleness.
swap
可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“交换”，英文解释为“If you swap something with someone, you give it to them and receive a different thing in exchange.”举个🌰：
Next week they will swap places and will repeat the switch weekly.
下周他们将互换位置，以后将每周换一次。
collage
collage /kəˈlɑːʒ/ 表示“拼贴艺术；拼贴画”，英文解释为“the art of making a picture by sticking pieces of coloured paper, cloth, or photographs onto a surface; a picture that you make by doing this”。
FaceApp isn't anything more than a fun distraction, but it does demonstrate something we've written about before: how artificial intelligence is making it easier than ever to morph and manipulate photos.
FaceApp只不过是一个有趣的分散注意力的工具，但它确实展示了我们以前写过的一些东西：人工智能（Artificial Intelligence）是如何使照片的变形和处理变得比以往更容易的。
distraction
表示“分心的事；分散注意力的东西”，英文解释为“something that prevents someone from giving their attention to something else”举个🌰：
I can turn the television off if you find it a distraction.
如果你觉得电视让你思想无法集中，我可以关掉。
morph /mɔːf/
1）表示“（尤指很大的、质的）改变；变化”，英文解释为“If one thing morphs into another thing, especially something very different, the first thing changes into the second.”举个🌰：
Mild-mannered KangKang morphs into a confident, grinning hero.
温良恭谨的康康变了，变成了一位充满信心、笑口常开的豪杰人物。
2）表示“（使）图像变形；将（图像）进行合成处理”，英文解释为“to gradually change one image into another, or combine them, using a computer program”
📍比如疫情期间，不少客运航空变成货运：Passenger airlines morph into cargo carriers.
manipulate
表示“操纵，控制”，英文解释为“to control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly or dishonestly”举个🌰：
Throughout her career she has very successfully manipulated the media.
她在整个职业生涯中非常成功地控制了媒体。
类似的还有一个词rig.
📍rig表示“（采取不正当的手段）操纵；对…做手脚”，英文解释为“to arrange dishonestly for the result of something, for example an election, to be changed”举个🌰：
He said the election had been rigged.
他说选举被人操纵了。
📍此前，在故意改低女生成绩 东京医科大学被曝操控男女录取比例一文中，纽约时报的标题就用了rig这个词：Japanese Medical School Accused of Rigging Admissions to Keep Women Out. 操纵录取结果 rig admissions.
As with Russian app Prisma, which uses an AI technique named “style transfer” to make selfies look like famous paintings, FaceApp is leveraging the power of neural networks; sending images to the cloud to transform them. With Prisma, its creators slowly improved the app by making the neural nets faster, adding more filters, and allowing the software to run locally on users' phones. Then Google announced it had created similar software; then Facebook. It's not impossible that FaceApp could make a similar journey to the mainstream, although modifying photos in this way is trickier than style transfer, and might be too taxing to work locally.
就像俄罗斯应用程序Prisma一样，它使用一种名为“风格转移”的人工智能技术，使自拍看起来像名画一样，FaceApp正在利用神经网络的力量；将图像发送到云端，以改变它们。通过Prisma，其开发者慢慢地改进了该应用程序，使神经网络的速度更快，增加了更多的滤镜，并允许该软件在用户的手机上本地运行。然后谷歌宣布它开发了类似的软件；接着是Facebook。虽然以这种方式修改照片比风格转移更棘手，而且在本地运行可能太繁重，但FaceApp也并非不可能走上主流之路。
leverage
表示“充分利用”，英文解释为“to spread or use resources(= money, skills, buildings etc that an organization has available ), ideas etc again in several different ways or in different parts of a company, system etc”举个🌰：
Reusable software is leveraged across many applications.
可重复使用的软件得到广泛应用。
filter
1）表示“筛选（过滤）程序”，英文解释为“a program that stops certain types of electronic information, email, etc. being sent to a computer.”
2）表示“滤器；过滤器”，英文解释为“a device containing paper, sand, chemicals, etc. that a liquid or gas is passed through in order to remove any materials that are not wanted”
3）此前在尴尬！视频会议忘关摄像头......文中介绍有公司主管在线会议时，误开滤镜特效，会议全程整个人变成土豆头🥔，就提到：she could not figure out how to remove the filter. 主管一直搞不清要怎么关掉滤镜。此处的filter指的就是滤镜。
tricky
表示“难办的；难对付的”，英文解释为“If a piece of work or problem is tricky, it is difficult to deal with and needs careful attention or skill.”举个🌰：
I'm in a tricky situation - whatever I do I'll offend someone.
我的处境真有点儿难办——我无论怎么做都会得罪人。
taxing
表示“难懂的，费劲的”，英文解释为“difficult or needing a lot of thought or effort”举个🌰：
I just need an entertaining read for the beach - nothing too taxing.
我去海滩度假时喜欢看一些休闲读物——不要太费神的。
Yaroslav Goncharov, an ex-Yandex exec and CEO of the Russian company that created the app, Wireless Lab, told The Verge that an Android version of FaceApp is already in alpha and should be out soon. He said that the neural networks involved were trained by Wireless Lab “from scratch” and claimed that no other commercial products offered photo modifications as good. (Although there have been similar research prototypes, like Tom White's SmileVector.)
前Yandex执行官、俄罗斯公司Wireless Lab的CEO、该应用创始人雅罗斯拉夫·冈察洛夫（Yaroslav Goncharov）告诉科技媒体The Verge，FaceApp的安卓版本已经进入研发初期阶段，应该很快就会推出。他说，所涉及的神经网络是由Wireless Lab“从头开始”训练的，并声称没有其他商业产品能够提供这么好的照片修改技术了。（虽然已经有类似的研究原型，如汤姆·怀特的SmileVector）。
alpha
希腊语字母表的第一个字母α，此处表示“初期的（用来描述在研发初阶的软件）”，英文解释为“Alpha software is at the first stage of development.”
from scratch
表示“从零开始”，英文解释为“If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before.”举个🌰：
Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.
白手起家既激动人心又具有挑战性。
prototype
表示“样机；原型”，英文解释为“A prototype is a new type of machine or device that is not yet ready to be made in large numbers and sold”举个🌰：
He has built a prototype of a machine called the wave rotor.
他做出了一台叫做波转子的样机。
Goncharov also confirmed that photos uploaded to the app are stored on the company's servers to save bandwidth if several filters are applied, but get deleted not long after. And, he added, unlike the Meitu app, FaceApp doesn't require any weird system permissions or track data like GPS. New filters will be coming to successive versions of the app, including some emulating photo effects like bokeh and different lighting setups.
冈察洛夫还证实，如果应用了几个滤镜，上传到该应用程序的照片会存储在公司的服务器上以节省带宽，但不久就会被删除。他还说，与美图公司的应用不同，FaceApp不需要任何奇怪的系统权限或GPS等跟踪数据。新的滤镜将陆续出现在该应用的各个版本中，包括一些仿真照片效果，如虚化和不同的灯光设置。
emulate
表示“效仿；努力赶上；同…竞争”，英文解释为“to try to do sth as well as sb else because you admire them；If you emulate something or someone, you imitate them because you admire them a great deal.”举个🌰：
She hopes to emulate her sister's sporting achievements.
她希望在运动成绩方面赶上她姐姐。
bokeh /ˈbəʊkeɪ/
表示“（摄影）背景散焦效果”，英文解释为“a blurred (= not clear) effect used in photography”。
谢谢你看到这里呀
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