专八阅读｜野性的呼唤
今天，专八考试结束啦。
其中，第一篇阅读节选自杰克·伦敦（Jack London）的小说《野性的呼唤》（The Call of the Wild），我们一起来看看吧。
🤔️小作业：
无注释原文：
The Call of the Wild
by Jack London
Chapter I. Into the Primitive
Buck did not read the newspapers, or he would have known that trouble was brewing, not alone for himself, but for every tide-water dog, strong of muscle and with warm, long hair, from Puget Sound to San Diego. Because men, groping in the Arctic darkness, had found a yellow metal, and because steamship and transportation companies were booming the find, thousands of men were rushing into the Northland. These men wanted dogs, and the dogs they wanted were heavy dogs, with strong muscles by which to toil, and furry coats to protect them from the frost.
Buck lived at a big house in the sun-kissed Santa Clara Valley. Judge Miller’s place, it was called. It stood back from the road, half hidden among the trees, through which glimpses could be caught of the wide cool veranda that ran around its four sides. The house was approached by gravelled driveways which wound about through wide-spreading lawns and under the interlacing boughs of tall poplars. At the rear things were on even a more spacious scale than at the front. There were great stables, where a dozen grooms and boys held forth, rows of vine-clad servants’ cottages, an endless and orderly array of outhouses, long grape arbors, green pastures, orchards, and berry patches. Then there was the pumping plant for the artesian well, and the big cement tank where Judge Miller’s boys took their morning plunge and kept cool in the hot afternoon.
And over this great demesne Buck ruled. Here he was born, and here he had lived the four years of his life. It was true, there were other dogs. There could not but be other dogs on so vast a place, but they did not count. They came and went, resided in the populous kennels, or lived obscurely in the recesses of the house after the fashion of Toots, the Japanese pug, or Ysabel, the Mexican hairless,—strange creatures that rarely put nose out of doors or set foot to ground. On the other hand, there were the fox terriers, a score of them at least, who yelped fearful promises at Toots and Ysabel looking out of the windows at them and protected by a legion of housemaids armed with brooms and mops.
But Buck was neither house-dog nor kennel-dog. The whole realm was his. He plunged into the swimming tank or went hunting with the Judge’s sons; he escorted Mollie and Alice, the Judge’s daughters, on long twilight or early morning rambles; on wintry nights he lay at the Judge’s feet before the roaring library fire; he carried the Judge’s grandsons on his back, or rolled them in the grass, and guarded their footsteps through wild adventures down to the fountain in the stable yard, and even beyond, where the paddocks were, and the berry patches. Among the terriers he stalked imperiously, and Toots and Ysabel he utterly ignored, for he was king,—king over all creeping, crawling, flying things of Judge Miller’s place, humans included.
His father, Elmo, a huge St. Bernard, had been the Judge’s inseparable companion, and Buck bid fair to follow in the way of his father. He was not so large,—he weighed only one hundred and forty pounds,—for his mother, Shep, had been a Scotch shepherd dog. Nevertheless, one hundred and forty pounds, to which was added the dignity that comes of good living and universal respect, enabled him to carry himself in right royal fashion. During the four years since his puppyhood he had lived the life of a sated aristocrat; he had a fine pride in himself, was even a trifle egotistical, as country gentlemen sometimes become because of their insular situation. But he had saved himself by not becoming a mere pampered house-dog. Hunting and kindred outdoor delights had kept down the fat and hardened his muscles; and to him, as to the cold-tubbing races, the love of water had been a tonic and a health preserver.
And this was the manner of dog Buck was in the fall of 1897, when the Klondike strike dragged men from all the world into the frozen North. But Buck did not read the newspapers, and he did not know that Manuel, one of the gardener’s helpers, was an undesirable acquaintance. Manuel had one besetting sin. He loved to play Chinese lottery. Also, in his gambling, he had one besetting weakness—faith in a system; and this made his damnation certain. For to play a system requires money, while the wages of a gardener’s helper do not lap over the needs of a wife and numerous progeny.
- ◆ -
注：中文文本来源上海译文出版社 刘荣跃译
含注释原文：
The Call of the Wild
by Jack London
Chapter I. Into the Primitive
《野性的呼唤》第一章 进入原始
杰克·伦敦 著
刘荣跃 译 上海译文出版社
Buck did not read the newspapers, or he would have known that trouble was brewing, not alone for himself, but for every tide-water dog, strong of muscle and with warm, long hair, from Puget Sound to San Diego. Because men, groping in the Arctic darkness, had found a yellow metal, and because steamship and transportation companies were booming the find, thousands of men were rushing into the Northland. These men wanted dogs, and the dogs they wanted were heavy dogs, with strong muscles by which to toil, and furry coats to protect them from the frost.
巴克不看报，不然它就会知道麻烦要来了。这不仅是它自己的麻烦，而且也是从皮吉特海峡到圣迭戈沿海低洼地区，每一只身强力壮、长着暖和长毛的狗的麻烦。因为男人们在北极的隐秘地带探索时，发现了一种黄色金属，又因为轮船和运输公司使之迅速兴旺起来，成千上万的人拥进了这片北部地区。这些男人们想得到狗，得到身强力壮的大狗，好用它们来干苦活，并且用其毛皮防寒。
brew
1）表示“（坏事或暴风雨）即将来临，酝酿”，英文解释为“If an unpleasant situation or a storm is brewing, you feel that it is about to happen.”举个🌰：
It was too quiet - I felt that trouble was brewing.
太安静了——我觉得要出事了。
At home a crisis was brewing.
家里一场危机正在酝酿着。
2）表示“泡（茶）；煮（咖啡）；（茶）冲泡；（咖啡）煮”，英文解释为“If you brew tea or coffee, you add boiling water to it to make a hot drink, and if it brews, it gradually develops flavour in the container in which it was made.”举个🌰：
He brewed us some coffee./He brewed some coffee for us.
他给我们煮了些咖啡。
grope
表示“摸索；（尤指）摸寻，探寻，摸索着前进”，英文解释为“to feel with your hands, especially in order to find or move towards something when you cannot see easily”；
📍很巧的是，这个词在2021年专八阅读 | 心是孤独的猎手文中也出现了：He glided open the back of the case and his fat hand groped lovingly for some particular dainty inside which he had wanted. 他滑开柜子的后门，一只胖手深情地摸索他渴望的某种特别的美味。
steamship
steamship /ˈstiːm.ʃɪp/ 表示“汽船；轮船”，英文解释为“a ship that moves by steam power”
toil
toil /tɔɪl/ 作动词，表示“苦干，努力工作”，英文解释为“to work hard”举个🌰：
Farm workers have been toiling in the 100-degree heat over the past week.
在过去的一周中农场工人一直在100华氏度的高温下艰苦工作。
作名词，表示“（尤指体力上的）苦工，苦活”，英文解释为“hard work, especially work that makes you feel physically tired”举个🌰：
He has achieved her comfortable life only after years of hard toil.
他在做了多年的苦工后才过上了舒适的生活。
furry
furry /ˈfɜː.ri/ 表示“有毛皮覆盖的”，英文解释为“covered with fur”如：small furry animals 毛茸茸的小动物，或者表示“似毛皮的，仿毛皮的”，英文解释为“Furry things are made from a soft material that looks like fur.”如：furry slippers 毛茸茸的拖鞋。
📍有个说法 furry friends 毛茸茸的朋友，通常用来泛指动物。
Buck lived at a big house in the sun-kissed Santa Clara Valley. Judge Miller’s place, it was called. It stood back from the road, half hidden among the trees, through which glimpses could be caught of the wide cool veranda that ran around its four sides. The house was approached by gravelled driveways which wound about through wide-spreading lawns and under the interlacing boughs of tall poplars.
巴克住在阳光普照的圣克拉拉山谷一座大房子里。这房子被称作大法官米勒的宅邸。它远离大路，半掩在树林里，透过林子可以瞥见房子四周宽敞、凉爽的阳台。砾石车道从高大白杨交错的树枝下，蜿蜒着穿过广阔的草地通向房子。
sun-kissed
sun-kissed /ˈsʌn.kɪst/ 表示“（地方）阳光充足的；（人因晒过太阳而）肤色健康的”，英文解释为“used to describe a place that receives a lot of sun, or a person whose appearance is attractive because they have recently been in the sun”
glimpse
glimpse一词前几天在iOS 14来了!文中刚出现过Apple just offered a glimpse at how the experience of using an iPhone is about to change.
1）表示“一瞥；一见”，英文解释为“an occasion when you see something or someone for a very short time”举个🌰：
He caught a glimpse of her in the crowd.
他一眼瞥见她在人群里。
2）表示“短暂的感受（或领会/体验）”，英文解释为“a quick idea or understanding of what something is like”举个🌰：
This biography offers a few glimpses of his life before he became famous.
这部传记展示了他成名前的一些生活情况。
📺英剧《神探夏洛克》（Sherlock）第一季中的台词提到：I've given you a glimpse, Sherlock, just a teensy glimpse. 我给过你暗示 夏洛克 一点点提示/只字片语。
veranda
veranda /vəˈræn.də/ 表示“游廊；阳台；露台”，英文解释为“a raised, covered, sometimes partly closed area, often made of wood, on the front or side of a building”举个🌰：
Every evening we sat on the veranda watching the sun go down.
每天傍晚我们都坐在露台上看日落。
gravelled
gravelled /ˈɡræv.əld/ 表示“布满沙砾的”，英文解释为“covered with gravel”如：a gravelled driveway 沙砾铺成的车道。
wind
wind /waɪnd/ 作动词，过去式wound，表示“蜿蜒；曲折而行；迂回”，英文解释为“to have many bends and twists”举个🌰：
The path wound down to the beach.
这条小路弯弯曲曲通向海滩。
interlace
interlace /ˌɪn.təˈleɪs/ 表示“使结合；（尤指）使交织，使交错”，英文解释为“to join different parts together to make a whole, especially by crossing one thing over another or fitting one part into another”举个🌰：
In her latest book, she interlaces historical events with her own childhood memories.
在她最新的著作中，她把历史事件与自己的童年记忆交织在一起。
At the rear things were on even a more spacious scale than at the front. There were great stables, where a dozen grooms and boys held forth, rows of vine-clad servants’ cottages, an endless and orderly array of outhouses, long grape arbors, green pastures, orchards, and berry patches. Then there was the pumping plant for the artesian well, and the big cement tank where Judge Miller’s boys took their morning plunge and kept cool in the hot afternoon.
房后也有一些设施等，地面甚至更加开阔。有一些大马厩，十多个马夫和男孩在这儿高谈阔论，有一排排仆人住的、被蔓藤覆盖的小屋，许许多多排列整齐的外屋，长长的葡萄藤，绿色的牧场，果树林以及浆果地。还有自流井抽水设备，一个很大的水泥游泳池，大法官米勒的男孩们早晨在这里跳水，炎热的下午泡在里面降温。
rear
作形容词，表示“后部的；后面的；背部的”，英文解释为“at the back of something”举个🌰：
There's a sticker on the rear door/window.
后门/后窗户上贴着一张纸条。
作动词，表示“抚养；养育；培养”，英文解释为“to care for young children or animals until they are fully grown”举个🌰：
She reared a family of five on her own.
她一个人养活五个孩子。
spacious
表示“宽敞的，空间大的”，英文解释为“large and with a lot of space”如：a spacious house/living room 宽敞的房子/起居室。
stable
stable /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ 熟词僻义，作名词，可以表示“马厩”，英文解释为“a building in which horses are kept”
clad
表示“穿…衣服的；覆盖着…的”，英文解释为“(of people) dressed, or (of things) covered”举个🌰：
A strange figure appeared in the doorway, clad in white.
一个奇怪的人出现在门口，穿着白衣服。
cottage
cottage /ˈkɒt.ɪdʒ/ 表示“（通常指乡村中的）小屋，村舍”，英文解释为“a small house, usually in the countryside”举个🌰：
They live in an idyllic country/thatched cottage, with roses around the door.
他们住在田园诗般的乡村小屋/茅舍，门前玫瑰环绕。
cement
cement /sɪˈment/ 作名词，表示“水泥”，英文解释为“a grey powder that is mixed with water and sand to make mortar or with water, sand, and small stones to make concrete”如：a bag of cement 一袋水泥，也可以指表示“胶合剂；黏固剂”，英文解释为“a substance that sticks things together”
作动词，表示“加强，巩固（协议或友谊）”，英文解释为“to make something such as an agreement or friendship stronger”举个🌰：
The university's exchange scheme has cemented its links with many other academic institutions.
这所大学的交流计划加强了与许多其他学术机构的联系。
And over this great demesne Buck ruled. Here he was born, and here he had lived the four years of his life. It was true, there were other dogs. There could not but be other dogs on so vast a place, but they did not count. They came and went, resided in the populous kennels, or lived obscurely in the recesses of the house after the fashion of Toots, the Japanese pug, or Ysabel, the Mexican hairless,—strange creatures that rarely put nose out of doors or set foot to ground. On the other hand, there were the fox terriers, a score of them at least, who yelped fearful promises at Toots and Ysabel looking out of the windows at them and protected by a legion of housemaids armed with brooms and mops.
巴克统治着这片广阔的领地。它在这儿出生，并生活了四年。不错，还有其他的狗。这么大一个地方，怎么会没有其他狗呢，可它们都不足挂齿。它们来了又去了，住在拥挤的狗窝里，或者毫不引人注目地住在房子的深处，像日本哈巴狗托茨和墨西哥秃头狗伊莎贝尔一样——它们是两只奇怪的动物，很少把鼻子伸出门外，很少走到外面去。此外还有一些狐，至少有二十只，它们狂叫着吓唬托茨和伊莎贝尔，这两只狗只敢从窗口看它们，让一群女仆们手持扫帚和拖把护着。
demesne
demesne /dɪˈmeɪn/ 表示“领地，地产；庄园领地；（受某人支配的）领域，范围”，英文解释为“an area of land owned and controlled by someone；the land belonging to a manor (= a large country house)；part of a place or activity over which a person has control”举个🌰：
The garden is Alice's little demesne.
花园是爱丽丝的小领地。
reside
reside /rɪˈzaɪd/ 表示“居住；定居”，英文解释为“to live, have your home, or stay in a place”举个🌰：
The family now resides in southern France.
这家人现居住在法国南部。
kennel
kennel /ˈken.əl/ 表示“狗窝；犬舍”，英文解释为“a small, usually wooden, shelter for a dog to sleep in outside” 或者表示“（临时寄养狗的）养狗场；狗繁殖场”，英文解释为“a place where people leave their dogs to be taken care of while they are away, or a place where dogs are bred”
recess
recess /rɪˈses/ 表示“壁龛；（墙的）凹进处；凹室”，英文解释为“a small area in a room that is formed by one part of a wall being set back further than other parts”，通常用复数，recesses 表示“幽深处；隐秘处；藏身处”，英文解释为“a secret or hidden place”举个🌰：
Psychoanalysts aim to explore the deepest/innermost recesses of the mind.
精神分析学家致力于探索心灵最深处的奥秘。
fox terrier
fox terrier /ˌfɒks ˈter.i.ər/ 表示“猎狐梗（小型犬，毛皮白色，带有黑色或浅棕色斑点）”，英文解释为“a small dog with smooth or rough fur that is white with black or pale brown marks”
score
熟词僻义，作动词，表示“获得，得到”，英文解释为“to get something”举个🌰：
I managed to score a couple of tickets to the World Cup final.
我设法搞到了几张世界杯决赛的入场券。
作名词，可以指“二十；二十左右”，英文解释为“20 or approximately 20”举个🌰：
He lived to be three score years and ten (= until he was 70 years old).
他活到了70岁。
yelp
yelp /jelp/ 表示“（因疼痛而）尖叫”，英文解释为“to make a sudden, short, high sound, usually when in pain”举个🌰：
I accidentally stepped on the dog's foot and it yelped.
我不小心踩到了狗的爪子，结果它尖叫起来。
But Buck was neither house-dog nor kennel-dog. The whole realm was his. He plunged into the swimming tank or went hunting with the Judge’s sons; he escorted Mollie and Alice, the Judge’s daughters, on long twilight or early morning rambles; on wintry nights he lay at the Judge’s feet before the roaring library fire; he carried the Judge’s grandsons on his back, or rolled them in the grass, and guarded their footsteps through wild adventures down to the fountain in the stable yard, and even beyond, where the paddocks were, and the berry patches. Among the terriers he stalked imperiously, and Toots and Ysabel he utterly ignored, for he was king,—king over all creeping, crawling, flying things of Judge Miller’s place, humans included.
但巴克既非看家狗也非养狗场的狗。整个领地都是它的。它和大法官的儿子们一起跳进游泳池里游泳或去打猎；在漫长的黄昏或早晨陪大法官的女儿莫利和艾丽斯去散步；冬天的夜晚躺在书房里大法官的脚旁烤着熊熊的炉火；背着大法官的孙子们走，或和他们在草地上打滚，守护他们穿过野外去冒险，直至马厩院的泉水处，甚至更远的放牧围场和浆果地。它傲然行走在狐们中间，全不把托茨和伊莎贝尔放在眼里，因为它就是国王——大法官米勒的领地里所有爬行动物和飞行动物的国王，人也包括在内。
realm
realm /rɛlm/ 1）表示“领域；场所”，英文解释为“an area of activity, interest, or knowledge”举个🌰：
At the end of the speech he seemed to be moving into the realms of fantasy.
讲话的最后，他似乎进入了虚幻的境地。
2）表示“王国”（a country ruled by a king or queen）
📍beyond the realm of possibility 表示“超出范围，不可能”（not possible），相反的说法：within the realm of possibility 意思就是“在可能的范围”（possible），举个🌰：
A successful outcome is not beyond the realms of possibility.
最后取得成功并非没有可能。
🎬电影《复仇者联盟2：奥创纪元》（Avengers: Age of Ultron）中的台词提到：In every realm, there's a reflection. 每个国度都有倒影。
escort
roaring
roaring /ˈrɔː.rɪŋ/ 表示“喧嚣的，轰鸣的；强烈的，热烈的”，英文解释为“loud and powerful”如：the roaring wind 怒号的大风 如：a roaring fire 熊熊大火。
fountain
fountain /ˈfaʊn.tɪn/ 表示“泉水；（尤指具有装饰效果的）喷泉”，英文解释为“a stream of water that is forced up into the air through a small hole, especially for decorative effect, or the structure in a lake or pool from which this flows”
paddock
paddock /ˈpæd.ək/ 表示“（尤指牧马的）小围场”，英文解释为“a small field where animals, especially horses, are kept”
stalk
1）表示“偷偷接近，潜近（猎物或人）”，英文解释为“to move slowly and quietly towards an animal or a person, in order to kill, catch or harm it or them”举个🌰：
The lion was stalking a zebra.
狮子偷偷接近斑马。
2）表示“（非法）跟踪，盯梢”，英文解释为“to illegally follow and watch sb over a long period of time, in a way that is annoying or frightening”举个🌰：
She claimed that he had been stalking her over a period of three years.
她声称，三年来他一直在跟踪她。
3）表示“令人厌恶地穿过；威胁地通过”，英文解释为“to move through a place in an unpleasant or threatening way”举个🌰：
The gunmen stalked the building, looking for victims.
这些持枪歹徒凶神恶煞般地打楼里走过，寻找袭击的目标。
imperiously
imperiously /ɪmˈpɪə.ri.əs.li/ 表示“专横地，跋扈地”，英文解释为“in an unpleasantly proud way and expecting to be obeyed”举个🌰：
Her father somewhat imperiously appointed her to succeed him.
她的父亲有些专横地任命她接替自己。
His father, Elmo, a huge St. Bernard, had been the Judge’s inseparable companion, and Buck bid fair to follow in the way of his father. He was not so large,—he weighed only one hundred and forty pounds,—for his mother, Shep, had been a Scotch shepherd dog. Nevertheless, one hundred and forty pounds, to which was added the dignity that comes of good living and universal respect, enabled him to carry himself in right royal fashion. During the four years since his puppyhood he had lived the life of a sated aristocrat; he had a fine pride in himself, was even a trifle egotistical, as country gentlemen sometimes become because of their insular situation. But he had saved himself by not becoming a mere pampered house-dog. Hunting and kindred outdoor delights had kept down the fat and hardened his muscles; and to him, as to the cold-tubbing races, the love of water had been a tonic and a health preserver.
它父亲埃尔莫是一只圣伯纳德大犬，曾经和大法官形影不离，巴克有可能要步父亲之后尘。它身材并不高大——只有一百四十磅重——因为母亲谢普是一只苏格兰牧羊犬。然而，一百四十磅的体重，加上由于养尊处优的生活和受到的普遍尊敬所带来的高贵品性，使它具有了十足的王子风度。它在幼小的四年里，过着非常满足的贵族生活；它为自己感到很得意，老是有一点儿自高自大，正如乡下绅士由于孤陋寡闻有时表现出的那样。但是它没有任由自己仅仅变成一只被娇惯的看家狗。它出去打猎和从事类似的户外娱乐活动，因此没发胖，肌肉变得坚实起来；对于它，正如对于其他作冷水浴的种族一样，爱水增强了它的体质。
bid fair to do
表示“似乎，可能，有...的希望”，英文解释为“to show signs of a favorable or successful outcome”
sated
sated /ˈseɪ.tɪd/ 表示“餍足的，厌腻的”，英文解释为“having had more of something than you can easily have at one time”如：sated with drink/food 饮酒过度/吃得过饱
aristocrat
aristocrat /ˈærɪstəˌkræt, əˈrɪst-/ 表示“贵族”，英文解释为“An aristocrat is someone whose family has a high social rank, especially someone who has a title.”如：a wealthy southern aristocrat 一位富有的南方贵族。
a trifle
a trifle /ˈtraɪ.fəl/ 表示“稍微，略微”，英文解释为“slightly”举个🌰：
I'm a trifle confused about the arrangements for tonight.
我对今晚的安排有点儿不太明白。
egotistic
egotistic /-tɪ.kəl/ 表示“自大的，自负的，念念不忘自我的”，英文解释为“considering yourself to be better or more important than other people”
insular
insular /ˈɪn.sjə.lər/ 表示“思想狭隘的；保守的”，英文解释为“interested only in your own country or group and not willing to accept different or foreign ideas”
pampered
pampered /ˈpæm.pəd/ 表示“受到细心照顾的，得到精心护理的；被纵容的，被娇惯的”，英文解释为“given special treatment that makes you feel as comfortable as possible or gives you whatever you want”举个🌰：
He was a pampered rich kid who was driven to school in a limousine.
他是个娇生惯养的富家子弟，有豪华轿车送去上学。
kindred
kindred /ˈkɪn.drəd/ 表示“类似的；相似的；相关的；有血缘关系的”，英文解释为“similar or related”举个🌰：
They sell dried fruit and nuts and other kindred products.
他们售卖水果干和坚果，以及其他类似的东西。
tonic
tonic /ˈtɒn.ɪk/ 表示“滋补剂”，英文解释为“a liquid medicine that has the general effect of making you feel better rather than treating a particular health problem that you might have”，也可以表示“使人为之一振的事物”，英文解释为“something that makes you feel stronger or happier”举个🌰：
The magazine is lively and interesting - the pictures alone are a tonic.
这本杂志生动有趣——光这些图片就很有视觉冲击力。
And this was the manner of dog Buck was in the fall of 1897, when the Klondike strike dragged men from all the world into the frozen North. But Buck did not read the newspapers, and he did not know that Manuel, one of the gardener’s helpers, was an undesirable acquaintance. Manuel had one besetting sin. He loved to play Chinese lottery. Also, in his gambling, he had one besetting weakness—faith in a system; and this made his damnation certain. For to play a system requires money, while the wages of a gardener’s helper do not lap over the needs of a wife and numerous progeny.
这便是一八九七年秋天巴克犬的行为特点，当时“克朗代克发现”将全世界各地的人吸引到了这个冰天雪地的北方。但巴克并不看报，它也不知道曼努埃尔——园林主的一个佣工——是一个要不得的旧相识。曼努埃尔有一个改不掉的恶习，他爱中国赌博。在赌博中他还有一个改不掉的毛病——相信某种下赌注的方法，这就使他必毁无疑了。因为下赌注需要钱，而一个园林主佣工的工资连养活妻子和众多子女都不够。
strike
熟词僻义，作名词，表示“（珍贵东西的）意外发现；（地下贵重物质的）发现”，英文解释为“the discovery underground of a valuable substance”举个🌰：
The population and settlement of Colorado expanded after the gold strike of 1858.
1858年发现黄金后，科罗拉多的人口和定居户数大幅增长。
作动词，表示“摆出（姿态）”，英文解释为“If you strike a pose or attitude, you put yourself in a particular position, for example when someone is taking your photograph.”举个🌰：
He struck a pose, one hand on his hip and the other waving an imaginary cigarette.
他摆出一个姿势，一只手叉腰，另一只手挥动着一支假想的香烟。
sin
sin /sɪn/ 表示“（违反宗教戒律或道德规范的）罪，罪过”，英文解释为“the offence of breaking, or the breaking of, a religious or moral law”如：to commit/confess a sin 犯罪/忏悔罪过。
besetting
beset /bɪˈset/ 表示“困扰；威胁；充满…困难的”，英文解释为“having a lot of trouble with something, or having to deal with a lot of something that causes problems”举个🌰：
With the amount of traffic nowadays, even a trip across town is beset by/with dangers.
目前交通如此拥挤，即使穿城而行也充满了危险。
besetting 表示“不断侵袭的，不断攻击的”，英文解释为“constantly present or attacking”。
damnation
damnation /dæmˈneɪ.ʃən/ 表示“投进地狱；遭天谴，下地狱”，英文解释为“the act of sending someone to hell or the state of being in hell”举个🌰：
He believed that he would be condemned to eternal damnation for what he had done.
他相信由于自己的所作所为他会被打入地狱，永不得超生。
progeny
progeny /ˈprɒdʒ.ə.ni/ 表示“（人或动植物的）后代，后裔”，英文解释为“the young or offspring of a person, animal, or plant”举个🌰：
His numerous progeny are scattered all over the country.
他有很多后代，遍布在全国各地。
- 今日盘点 -
brew
grope
steamship
toil
furry
sun-kissed
glimpse
veranda
gravelled
wind
interlace
rear
spacious
stable
clad
cottage
cement
demesne
reside
kennel
recess
fox terrier
score
yelp
realm
escort
roaring
fountain
paddock
stalk
imperiously
bid fair to do
sated
aristocrat
a trifle
egotistic
insular
pampered
kindred
tonic
strike
sin
besetting
damnation
progeny
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LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2022年11月19日
第2842天
每天持续行动学外语