「双语」关于政治解决乌克兰危机的中国立场
近日，中国外交部发布《关于政治解决乌克兰危机的中国立场》文件。
🤔️小作业：
1.「维护国家主权和领土完整」怎么表达？
2.「停火止战、战俘、冲突当事方/冲突各方、遵守」怎么表达？
3.「单边制裁、极限施压」怎么表达？
无注释原文：
China’s Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukraine Crisis
1. Respecting the sovereignty of all countries. Universally recognized international law, including the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter, must be strictly observed. The sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of all countries must be effectively upheld. All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. All parties should jointly uphold the basic norms governing international relations and defend international fairness and justice. Equal and uniform application of international law should be promoted, while double standards must be rejected.
2. Abandoning the Cold War mentality. The security of a country should not be pursued at the expense of others. The security of a region should not be achieved by strengthening or expanding military blocs. The legitimate security interests and concerns of all countries must be taken seriously and addressed properly. There is no simple solution to a complex issue. All parties should, following the vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security and bearing in mind the long-term peace and stability of the world, help forge a balanced, effective and sustainable European security architecture. All parties should oppose the pursuit of one’s own security at the cost of others’ security, prevent bloc confrontation, and work together for peace and stability on the Eurasian Continent.
3. Ceasing hostilities. Conflict and war benefit no one. All parties must stay rational and exercise restraint, avoid fanning the flames and aggravating tensions, and prevent the crisis from deteriorating further or even spiraling out of control. All parties should support Russia and Ukraine in working in the same direction and resuming direct dialogue as quickly as possible, so as to gradually deescalate the situation and ultimately reach a comprehensive ceasefire.
4. Resuming peace talks. Dialogue and negotiation are the only viable solution to the Ukraine crisis. All efforts conducive to the peaceful settlement of the crisis must be encouraged and supported. The international community should stay committed to the right approach of promoting talks for peace, help parties to the conflict open the door to a political settlement as soon as possible, and create conditions and platforms for the resumption of negotiation. China will continue to play a constructive role in this regard.
5. Resolving the humanitarian crisis. All measures conducive to easing the humanitarian crisis must be encouraged and supported. Humanitarian operations should follow the principles of neutrality and impartiality, and humanitarian issues should not be politicized. The safety of civilians must be effectively protected, and humanitarian corridors should be set up for the evacuation of civilians from conflict zones. Efforts are needed to increase humanitarian assistance to relevant areas, improve humanitarian conditions, and provide rapid, safe and unimpeded humanitarian access, with a view to preventing a humanitarian crisis on a larger scale. The UN should be supported in playing a coordinating role in channeling humanitarian aid to conflict zones.
6. Protecting civilians and prisoners of war (POWs). Parties to the conflict should strictly abide by international humanitarian law, avoid attacking civilians or civilian facilities, protect women, children and other victims of the conflict, and respect the basic rights of POWs. China supports the exchange of POWs between Russia and Ukraine, and calls on all parties to create more favorable conditions for this purpose.
7. Keeping nuclear power plants safe. China opposes armed attacks against nuclear power plants or other peaceful nuclear facilities, and calls on all parties to comply with international law including the Convention on Nuclear Safety (CNS) and resolutely avoid man-made nuclear accidents. China supports the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in playing a constructive role in promoting the safety and security of peaceful nuclear facilities.
8. Reducing strategic risks. Nuclear weapons must not be used and nuclear wars must not be fought. The threat or use of nuclear weapons should be opposed. Nuclear proliferation must be prevented and nuclear crisis avoided. China opposes the research, development and use of chemical and biological weapons by any country under any circumstances.
9. Facilitating grain exports. All parties need to implement the Black Sea Grain Initiative signed by Russia, Türkiye, Ukraine and the UN fully and effectively in a balanced manner, and support the UN in playing an important role in this regard. The cooperation initiative on global food security proposed by China provides a feasible solution to the global food crisis.
10. Stopping unilateral sanctions. Unilateral sanctions and maximum pressure cannot solve the issue; they only create new problems. China opposes unilateral sanctions unauthorized by the UN Security Council. Relevant countries should stop abusing unilateral sanctions and “long-arm jurisdiction” against other countries, so as to do their share in deescalating the Ukraine crisis and create conditions for developing countries to grow their economies and better the lives of their people.
11. Keeping industrial and supply chains stable. All parties should earnestly maintain the existing world economic system and oppose using the world economy as a tool or weapon for political purposes. Joint efforts are needed to mitigate the spillovers of the crisis and prevent it from disrupting international cooperation in energy, finance, food trade and transportation and undermining the global economic recovery.
12. Promoting post-conflict reconstruction. The international community needs to take measures to support post-conflict reconstruction in conflict zones. China stands ready to provide assistance and play a constructive role in this endeavor.
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注：英文文本为外交部官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
关于政治解决乌克兰危机的中国立场
China’s Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukraine Crisis
一、尊重各国主权。公认的国际法，包括联合国宪章宗旨和原则应该得到严格遵守，各国主权、独立和领土完整都应该得到切实保障。国家不分大小、强弱、贫富一律平等，各方要共同维护国际关系基本准则，捍卫国际公平正义。国际法应当得到平等统一适用，不应采取双重标准。
1. Respecting the sovereignty of all countries. Universally recognized international law, including the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter, must be strictly observed. The sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of all countries must be effectively upheld. All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. All parties should jointly uphold the basic norms governing international relations and defend international fairness and justice. Equal and uniform application of international law should be promoted, while double standards must be rejected.
sovereignty
sovereignty /ˈsɒvrəntɪ/ 表示“主权，统治权”，英文解释为“the power of a country to control its own government”
universally
universally /ˌjuː.nɪˈvɜː.səl.i/ 表示“普遍地；全体地；共同地”，英文解释为“in a way that exists everywhere, or involves everyone”举个🌰：
It is universally acknowledged as one of the best new cars to be produced in recent years. 它被普遍认为是近年来生产的最好的新车之一。
charter
作名词，表示“宪章，章程（由统治者或政府批准或要求制定，阐明公民、组织或社会团体的权利）”，英文解释为“a formal statement of the rights of a country's people, or of an organization or a particular social group, that is agreed by or demanded from a ruler or government”；
作动词，表示“包租（飞机、船等）”，英文解释为“to hire/rent a plane, boat, etc. for your own use”举个🌰：
They've chartered a plane to take delegates to the conference. 他们包了一架飞机送代表参加会议。
📺美剧《罪恶黑名单》（The Blacklist）第2季第6集中的台词提到：Who chartered the planes? 谁租的飞机？
observe
1）表示“遵守，奉行（法律、规则或习俗）”，英文解释为“If you observe something such as a law or custom, you obey it or follow it. ”举个🌰：
Imposing speed restrictions is easy, but forcing drivers to observe them is trickier. 实行速度限制容易，而迫使司机遵守较难。
The crowd observed a minute's silence (= were silent for one minute) in memory of those who had died. 众人为死者默哀一分钟。
2）熟词僻义，表示“纪念，庆祝”，英文解释为“If you observe an important day such as a holiday or anniversary, you do something special in order to honour or celebrate it.”如：where he will observe Thanksgiving with family members. 在那里他将与家人一起庆祝感恩节。
3）另一个常见含义表示“观察；注意到，觉察到；看到”（to notice or see）。
territorial
表示“领土的；领地的；土地的”，英文解释为“relating to territory”举个🌰：
Some animals and birds are territorial (= they mark out areas which they defend against others). 有些动物和鸟类有领地意识。
integrity
1）表示“完整”，英文解释为“the quality of being whole and complete”举个🌰：
A modern extension on the old building would ruin its architectural integrity. 在古老建筑物上附加扩建的现代建筑会破坏建筑风格的完整统一。
2）表示“正直；诚实；职业操守”，英文解释为“the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change”举个🌰：
No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest integrity. 没有人怀疑总裁是个光明磊落的人。
uphold
表示“支持，维护，赞成（尤指法律上的决议）”，英文解释为“to defend or keep a principle or law, or to say that a decision that has already been made, especially a legal one, is correct”如：to uphold a conviction/an appeal/a complaint 维持原判；受理上诉/申诉，举个🌰：
You are expected to uphold the law whether you agree with it or not. 不管你赞成与否都应该维护法律。
norm
表示“规范；行为标准”，英文解释为“standards of behaviour that are typical of or accepted within a particular group or society”，如：social/cultural norms 社会/文化规范。
defend
1）表示“保护，防卫；为…辩护”，英文解释为“to protect someone or something against attack or criticism; to speak in favour of someone or something”举个🌰：
They are fighting to defend their beliefs/interests/rights. 他们在为捍卫自己的信仰/利益/权利而战。
2）表示“（在法庭上）为…辩护，当…的辩护律师”，英文解释为“to act as a lawyer for someone who has been accused of something in a court of law and try to prove that they are not guilty”举个🌰：
I can't afford a lawyer, so I shall defend myself (= argue my own case in a court of law). 我请不起律师，所以我将在法庭上自辩。
3）表示“（运动比赛中）卫冕；蝉联冠军”，英文解释为“to compete in a sports competition that you won before and try to win it again”举个🌰：
He will defend his 1,500 metre title this weekend. 他会在周末1500米比赛中争取卫冕。
4）表示“（在体育比赛中）防守，防卫”，英文解释为“to try to prevent the opposing player or players from scoring points, goals, etc. in a sport”举个🌰：
In the last ten minutes of the game, we needed to defend. 我们得在比赛的最后十分钟内进行防守。
二、摒弃冷战思维。一国的安全不能以损害他国安全为代价，地区安全不能以强化甚至扩张军事集团来保障。各国的合理安全利益和关切都应得到重视和妥善解决。复杂问题没有简单解决办法。应坚持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，着眼世界长治久安，推动构建均衡、有效、可持续的欧洲安全架构，反对把本国安全建立在他国不安全的基础之上，防止形成阵营对抗，共同维护亚欧大陆和平稳定。
2. Abandoning the Cold War mentality. The security of a country should not be pursued at the expense of others. The security of a region should not be achieved by strengthening or expanding military blocs. The legitimate security interests and concerns of all countries must be taken seriously and addressed properly. There is no simple solution to a complex issue. All parties should, following the vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security and bearing in mind the long-term peace and stability of the world, help forge a balanced, effective and sustainable European security architecture. All parties should oppose the pursuit of one’s own security at the cost of others’ security, prevent bloc confrontation, and work together for peace and stability on the Eurasian Continent.
mentality
表示“心态，心性，思想方法”，英文解释为“a person's particular way of thinking about things”举个🌰：
I can't understand the mentality of people who hurt animals. 我无法理解伤害动物的那些人究竟是什么心态。
at the expense of sb/sth
at sb's expense = at the expense of sb 表示“以...为代价；在...受损的情况下；捉弄，戏弄；拿…开心”，英文解释为“If you do one thing at the expense of another, doing the first thing harms the second thing.”举个🌰：
He had no need to protect their reputation at the expense of his own. 他没有必要为了保护他们的名誉而牺牲自己的。
Would you stop making jokes at my expense? 你别再拿我开玩笑了，好不好？
bloc
bloc /blɒk/ 表示“集团，阵营（指具有类似政治利益的国家或人的群体）”，英文解释为“a group of countries or people that have similar political interests”举个🌰：
The European Union is a powerful trading/trade bloc. 欧盟是一个强大的贸易集团。
legitimate
表示“合法的，正当的，法律允许的”，英文解释为“allowed by law”举个🌰：
Is his business strictly legitimate? 他的生意是否绝对合法？
sustainable
表示“（对环境没有损害或损害很小因而）可持续的，能长期维持的”，英文解释为“causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore able to continue for a long time”举个🌰：
A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting sustainable development in all countries. 召开了一个旨在推进所有国家可持续发展的大型国际会议。
forge
1）表示“努力地缔造；艰苦干成；努力加强”，英文解释为“If one person or institution forges an agreement or relationship with another, they create it with a lot of hard work, hoping that it will be strong or lasting.”举个🌰：
They agreed to forge closer economic ties. 他们同意建立更密切的经济联系。
2）表示“伪造（纸币、文件或画作等）”，英文解释为“If someone forges something such as paper money, a document, or a painting, they copy it or make it so that it looks genuine, in order to deceive people.”举个🌰：
He admitted three charges including forging passports. 他承认了包括伪造护照在内的3项罪名。
3）表示“（尤指努力地）制造，生产”，英文解释为“to make or produce something, especially with some difficulty”举个🌰：
The accident forged a close bond between the two families. 事故使两个家庭紧密地联系在了一起。
Eurasian
Eurasian /juˈreɪ.ʒən/ 表示“欧亚（大陆）的”，英文解释为“of or connected with Europe and Asia considered as a unit”如：Eurasian languages 欧亚语言。
continent
continent /ˈkɒn.tɪ.nənt/ 表示“洲，大洲，大陆”，英文解释为“one of the seven large land masses on the earth's surface, surrounded, or mainly surrounded, by sea and usually consisting of various countries”如：the North American continent 北美大陆。
三、停火止战。冲突战争没有赢家。各方应保持理性和克制，不拱火浇油，不激化矛盾，避免乌克兰危机进一步恶化甚至失控，支持俄乌相向而行，尽快恢复直接对话，逐步推动局势降级缓和，最终达成全面停火。
3. Ceasing hostilities. Conflict and war benefit no one. All parties must stay rational and exercise restraint, avoid fanning the flames and aggravating tensions, and prevent the crisis from deteriorating further or even spiraling out of control. All parties should support Russia and Ukraine in working in the same direction and resuming direct dialogue as quickly as possible, so as to gradually deescalate the situation and ultimately reach a comprehensive ceasefire.
hostilities
复数，表示“战争状态；战争行为”，英文解释为“You can refer to fighting between two countries or groups who are at war as hostilities.”举个🌰：
Hostilities began/broke out just after midnight. 刚过午夜战斗便打响了。
rational
表示“头脑清醒的；理智的”，英文解释为“based on clear thought and reason”举个🌰：
There must be some rational explanation for what happened. 对发生的事一定有一个理性的解释。
exercise
exercise /ˈek.sə.saɪz/ 作动词，表示“行使；运用；使用”，英文解释为“to use something”举个🌰：
We've decided to exercise the option (= use the part of a legal agreement) to buy the house we now lease. 我们已经决定行使合同赋予的买卖选择权，买下我们现在租住的房子。
restraint
restraint /rɪˈstreɪnt/ 1）表示“克制；平心静气；冷静”，英文解释为“calm and controlled behaviour”举个🌰：
He showed admirable restraint, and refused to be provoked. 他表现出极大的克制，面对挑衅泰然处之。
2）表示“阻止；抑制，遏制”，英文解释为“something that limits the freedom of someone or something, or that prevents something from growing or increasing”举个🌰：
Lack of space is the main restraint on the firm's expansion plans. 建筑空间的缺乏是阻碍这家公司实施其扩建计划的主要原因。
fan the flames
表示“煽风点火，鼓惑人心”，英文解释为“to make a dangerous or unpleasant mood or situation worse”举个🌰：
His speeches fanned the flames of racial tension. 他的演说激化了种族间的紧张关系。
aggravate
aggravate /ˈæɡrəˌveɪt/ 表示“使恶化”，英文解释为“If someone or something aggravates a situation, they make it worse.”举个🌰：
Stress and lack of sleep can aggravate the situation. 紧张和缺少睡眠会使情况恶化。
🎬电影《卡推女王》（The Queen of Katwe）中的台词提到：Do you want to aggravate your old injury? 你想要旧伤复发吗？
resume
1）表示“（中断后）继续，重新开始”，英文解释为“If an activity resumes, or if you resume it, it starts again after a pause.”举个🌰：
Normal services will be resumed in the spring. 春天将恢复正常服务。
2）表示“恢复；重新回到，重返（某地或某位置）”，英文解释为“If you resume a place or position that you have left for a period of time, you return to it.”如：to resume your post/job 重返工作岗位 举个🌰：
Please resume your seats, as the performance will continue in two minutes. 请大家回到自己的座位上去，两分钟后演出继续。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情之下学生上课问题的文章中提到复课就用的resume classes：As well as letting final-year secondary-school students facing exams resume classes, Denmark has also begun to reopen crèches and primary schools. 丹麦除了让面临毕业考试的中学毕业班复课外，还开始逐步重开幼儿园和小学。
de-escalate
de-escalate /ˌdiːˈes.kə.leɪt/ 表示“（使）缓和，（使）缓解”，英文解释为“to (cause to) become less dangerous or difficult”举个🌰：
There are signs that the confrontation is beginning to de-escalate. 有迹象表明对立已经开始缓和。
escalate /ˈɛskəˌleɪt/ 表示“使…加剧；加剧”，英文解释为“If a bad situation escalates or if someone or something escalates it, it becomes greater in size, seriousness, or intensity.”举个🌰：
They fear the dispute could escalate. 他们都害怕争端会加剧。
🎬电影《死亡实验》（The Experiment）中的台词提到：Do I need to escalate matters right now? 逼我把事情闹大吗？
四、启动和谈。对话谈判是解决乌克兰危机的唯一可行出路。一切有利于和平解决危机的努力都应得到鼓励和支持。国际社会应坚持劝和促谈正确方向，帮助冲突各方尽快打开政治解决危机的大门，为重启谈判创造条件和提供平台。中方愿继续为此发挥建设性作用。
4. Resuming peace talks. Dialogue and negotiation are the only viable solution to the Ukraine crisis. All efforts conducive to the peaceful settlement of the crisis must be encouraged and supported. The international community should stay committed to the right approach of promoting talks for peace, help parties to the conflict open the door to a political settlement as soon as possible, and create conditions and platforms for the resumption of negotiation. China will continue to play a constructive role in this regard.
viable
viable /ˈvaɪ.ə.bəl/ 1）表示“能生长发育的；可以存活的”，英文解释为“able to continue to exist as or develop into a living being”
2）表示“可以实施的；可望成功的”，英文解释为“able to work as intended or able to succeed”举个🌰：
In order to make the company viable, it will unfortunately be necessary to reduce staffing levels. 很遗憾，为使公司继续运转下去，将不得不裁员。
conducive
表示“有利的，有助的，有益的”，英文解释为“If one thing is conducive to another thing, it makes the other thing likely to happen.”举个🌰：
Make your bedroom as conducive to sleep as possible. 把你的卧室尽可能地布置得有助于睡眠。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情后影响的文章中提到：Wherever or however people end up working, the experience of living in a pandemic is not conducive to creative thought. 无论人们最终困在何地以何种方式工作，疫情期间的生活体验都不利于创造性思维。
五、解决人道危机。一切有利于缓解人道危机的举措都应得到鼓励和支持。人道主义行动必须遵守中立、公正原则，防止将人道问题政治化。切实保护平民安全，为平民撤离交战区建立人道主义走廊。加大对相关地区的人道主义援助，改善人道主义状况，提供快速、安全、无障碍的人道主义准入，防止出现更大规模人道主义危机。支持联合国在对冲突地区人道援助方面发挥协调作用。
5. Resolving the humanitarian crisis. All measures conducive to easing the humanitarian crisis must be encouraged and supported. Humanitarian operations should follow the principles of neutrality and impartiality, and humanitarian issues should not be politicized. The safety of civilians must be effectively protected, and humanitarian corridors should be set up for the evacuation of civilians from conflict zones. Efforts are needed to increase humanitarian assistance to relevant areas, improve humanitarian conditions, and provide rapid, safe and unimpeded humanitarian access, with a view to preventing a humanitarian crisis on a larger scale. The UN should be supported in playing a coordinating role in channeling humanitarian aid to conflict zones.
humanitarian
neutrality
neutrality /njuːˈtræl.ə.ti/ 表示“中立；中立状态”，英文解释为“the state of not supporting either side in a disagreement, competition or war”。
impartiality
impartiality /ɪmˌpɑː.ʃiˈæl.ə.ti/ 作名词，表示“公正，公平；不偏不倚”，impartial 作形容词，表示“公正的；不偏不倚的；中立的”（Someone who is impartial is not directly involved in a particular situation, and is therefore able to give a fair opinion or decision about it.）如：an impartial inquiry 公正的调查。
corridor
corridor /ˈkɒr.ɪ.dɔːr/ 1）表示“（尤指两边是房间的）走廊，通道，过道”，英文解释为“a long passage in a building or train, especially with rooms on either side”举个🌰：
Her office is at the end of the corridor. 她的办公室在走廊尽头。
2）表示“走廊（指一国领土通过他国境内的狭长地带）”，英文解释为“a long piece of one country's land that goes through another country”如：the Polish corridor 波兰走廊。
evacuation
evacuation /ɪˌvæk.juˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“撤离，撤出，疏散，转移”，英文解释为“the act of moving people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe”
unimpeded
unimpeded /ˌʌn.ɪmˈpiː.dɪd/ 表示“未被中止的，未受阻碍的”，英文解释为“not stopped, blocked, or prevented by anything”举个🌰：
From this position you can enjoy an unimpeded view of the waterfall. 在这个位置可以对瀑布一览无余。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇分析美元的文章中提到：A fiscal-stimulus package would be an unimpeded spur to aggregate demand, leading to more imports, a wider trade deficit and a weaker dollar. 财政刺激方案将不受阻碍地刺激总需求，导致进口增加，贸易赤字扩大，美元走弱。
六、保护平民和战俘。冲突当事方应严格遵守国际人道法，避免袭击平民和民用设施，应保护妇女、儿童等冲突受害者，尊重战俘的基本权利。中方支持俄乌交换战俘，各方应为此创造更多有利条件。
6. Protecting civilians and prisoners of war (POWs). Parties to the conflict should strictly abide by international humanitarian law, avoid attacking civilians or civilian facilities, protect women, children and other victims of the conflict, and respect the basic rights of POWs. China supports the exchange of POWs between Russia and Ukraine, and calls on all parties to create more favorable conditions for this purpose.
abide by
表示“遵守，遵循（协议、决定或规章）”，英文解释为“If you abide by a law, agreement, or decision, you do what it says you should do.”举个🌰：
They have got to abide by the rules. 他们必须要遵守规定。
🎬电影《逃离地球》（Escape from Planet Earth）中的台词提到：You should abide by the following basic etiquette. 与他们互动时须遵守以下基本礼节。
七、维护核电站安全。反对武装攻击核电站等和平核设施。呼吁各方遵守核安全公约等国际法，坚决避免出现人为核事故。支持国际原子能机构为促进和平核设施的安全安保发挥建设性作用。
7. Keeping nuclear power plants safe. China opposes armed attacks against nuclear power plants or other peaceful nuclear facilities, and calls on all parties to comply with international law including the Convention on Nuclear Safety (CNS) and resolutely avoid man-made nuclear accidents. China supports the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in playing a constructive role in promoting the safety and security of peaceful nuclear facilities.
plant
熟词僻义，作名词，表示“工厂；电厂”，英文解释为“A plant is a factory or a place where power is produced.”
comply
表示“服从；遵守；依从”，英文解释为“to act according to an order, set of rules, or request”举个🌰：
There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations. 不遵守规定者将受到严惩。
resolutely
表示“坚决地；毅然地”，英文解释为“in a determined way”举个🌰：
He resolutely refused to learn about computers. 他坚决拒绝学习计算机知识。
八、减少战略风险。核武器用不得，核战争打不得。应反对使用或威胁使用核武器。防止核扩散，避免出现核危机。反对任何国家在任何情况下研发、使用生化武器。
8. Reducing strategic risks. Nuclear weapons must not be used and nuclear wars must not be fought. The threat or use of nuclear weapons should be opposed. Nuclear proliferation must be prevented and nuclear crisis avoided. China opposes the research, development and use of chemical and biological weapons by any country under any circumstances.
proliferation
proliferation /prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/表示“扩散；激增；涌现；增殖；大量的事物”，英文解释为“the sudden increase in the number or amount of sth; a large number of a particular thing”如：a proliferation of personal computers 个人电脑的激增，nuclear weapons proliferation 核武（器）扩散。
九、保障粮食外运。各方应均衡全面有效执行俄罗斯、土耳其、乌克兰和联合国签署的黑海粮食运输协议，支持联合国为此发挥重要作用。中方提出的国际粮食安全合作倡议为解决全球粮食危机提供了可行方案。
9. Facilitating grain exports. All parties need to implement the Black Sea Grain Initiative signed by Russia, Türkiye, Ukraine and the UN fully and effectively in a balanced manner, and support the UN in playing an important role in this regard. The cooperation initiative on global food security proposed by China provides a feasible solution to the global food crisis.
facilitate
表示“促进；促使；使便利”，英文解释为“to make something possible or easier”举个🌰：
The new ramp will facilitate the entry of wheelchairs. 新坡道将方便轮椅进入。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述国内电动车行业的文章中提到：The state also facilitates the roll-out of advanced technical features for the benefit of the public at large. 政府也在提供便利来促进企业推出能造福普罗大众的先进技术功能。
十、停止单边制裁。单边制裁、极限施压不仅解决不了问题，而且会制造出新的问题。反对任何未经安理会授权的单边制裁。有关国家应停止对他国滥用单边制裁和“长臂管辖”，为乌克兰危机降温发挥作用，也为发展中国家发展经济和改善民生创造条件。
10. Stopping unilateral sanctions. Unilateral sanctions and maximum pressure cannot solve the issue; they only create new problems. China opposes unilateral sanctions unauthorized by the UN Security Council. Relevant countries should stop abusing unilateral sanctions and “long-arm jurisdiction” against other countries, so as to do their share in deescalating the Ukraine crisis and create conditions for developing countries to grow their economies and better the lives of their people.
unilateral
unilateral /ˌjuːnɪˈlætərəl/ 表示“单方的”，英文解释为“done by one member of a group or an organization without the agreement of the other members”如：a unilateral decision 单方面的决定。
sanction
1）常见含义表示“制裁”，英文解释为“an official order, such as the stopping of trade, that is taken against a country in order to make it obey international law”举个🌰：
Many nations have imposed sanctions on the country. 许多国家都对其进行制裁。
2）可以作动词也可以作名词，表示“批准；认可”，英文解释为“If someone in authority sanctions an action or practice, they officially approve of it and allow it to be done.”举个🌰：
He may now be ready to sanction the use of force. 他或许现在正准备批准使用武力。
jurisdiction
jurisdiction /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃən/ 表示“司法权；审判权；管辖权”，英文解释为“the authority that an official organization has to make legal decisions about sb/sth”举个🌰：
The British police have no jurisdiction over foreign bank accounts. 英国警方对外国银行的账户没有司法管辖权。
十一、确保产业链供应链稳定。各方应切实维护现有世界经济体系，反对把世界经济政治化、工具化、武器化。共同减缓危机外溢影响，防止国际能源、金融、粮贸、运输等合作受到干扰，损害全球经济复苏。
11. Keeping industrial and supply chains stable. All parties should earnestly maintain the existing world economic system and oppose using the world economy as a tool or weapon for political purposes. Joint efforts are needed to mitigate the spillovers of the crisis and prevent it from disrupting international cooperation in energy, finance, food trade and transportation and undermining the global economic recovery.
mitigate
表示“减轻，缓解，缓和”，英文解释为“to make a situation or the effects of something less unpleasant, harmful, or serious”举个🌰：
Measures need to be taken to mitigate the environmental effects of burning more coal. 需要采取措施来减轻燃煤增加对环境造成的影响。
spillover
spillover /ˈspɪlˌəʊ.vər/ 1）表示“（液体）溢出部分，溢出量”，英文解释为“an amount of liquid that has become too much for the object that contains it and flows or spreads out”
2）表示“（非预期的）影响”，英文解释为“the effects of an activity that have spread further than was originally intended”举个🌰：
We are now witnessing a spillover of the war into neighbouring regions. 我们现在亲眼看到战争影响到周边地区。
undermine
表示“（常指逐渐地）削弱信心、权威等，损害”，英文解释为“to make someone less confident, less powerful, or less likely to succeed, or to make something weaker, often gradually”举个🌰：
Criticism just undermines their confidence. 批评只是削弱了他们的信心。
十二、推动战后重建。国际社会应采取措施支持冲突地区战后重建。中方愿为此提供协助并发挥建设性作用。
12. Promoting post-conflict reconstruction. The international community needs to take measures to support post-conflict reconstruction in conflict zones. China stands ready to provide assistance and play a constructive role in this endeavor.
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LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2023年2月26日
第2941天
每天持续行动学外语